Data / Environment and emissions

Environment and emissions statistics

Carbon dioxide emissions from energy use by country, from the U.S. Energy Information Administration. 21 indicators, each from an official publisher with a citation.

Key facts

Figures last updated on 2026-10-12.

Environment and emissions by area

CO2 emissions from energy consumption

Carbon dioxide emitted by burning coal, natural gas and petroleum products for energy in the year, in million metric tonnes, as estimated by the U.S. Energy Information Administration in its International Energy Statistics.

United States, 20244,782.3 million tonnes of CO2History
China: 12,715.9 million tonnes of CO2China12,715.9United States: 4,782.3 million tonnes of CO2United States4,782.3India: 2,871.8 million tonnes of CO2India2,871.8Russia: 1,952.2 million tonnes of CO2Russia1,952.2Japan: 941 million tonnes of CO2Japan941Indonesia: 886.8 million tonnes of CO2Indonesia886.8Iran: 775.7 million tonnes of CO2Iran775.7Saudi Arabia: 677 million tonnes of CO2Saudi Arabia677South Korea: 644.1 million tonnes of CO2South Korea644.1Canada: 600.8 million tonnes of CO2Canada600.8
Top 10 countries, 2024. million tonnes of CO2. Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration.

Median Air Quality Index (US EPA)

Median of the daily Air Quality Index (AQI) values of a US county over the days of the year with an AQI, from the EPA AirData annual summaries. The daily county AQI is the highest AQI among the monitors and pollutants reported that day (ozone, PM2.5, PM10, carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide). Lower is cleaner: 0 to 50 is good, 51 to 100 moderate and above 100 unhealthy for sensitive groups.

San Bernardino County: 81 indexSan Bernardino County81Riverside County: 77 indexRiverside County77Los Angeles County: 72 indexLos Angeles County72Kern County: 69 indexKern County69Maricopa County: 67 indexMaricopa County67Tulare County: 67 indexTulare County67San Diego County: 66 indexSan Diego County66Fresno County: 63 indexFresno County63Pinal County: 63 indexPinal County63Imperial County: 61 indexImperial County61
Top 10 counties, 2019. index. Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

Highest daily Air Quality Index (US EPA)

Highest daily Air Quality Index (AQI) value recorded in a US county during the year, from the EPA AirData annual summaries. Values above 500 are beyond the AQI scale and are published as EPA computes them.

Mono County: 4,227 indexMono County4,227Pinal County: 929 indexPinal County929Inyo County: 653 indexInyo County653Doña Ana County: 645 indexDoña Ana County645Luna County: 630 indexLuna County630Kern County: 553 indexKern County553Kings County: 508 indexKings County508Fairbanks North Star Borough: 503 indexFairbanks North Star Borough503Tulare County: 280 indexTulare County280San Juan County: 268 indexSan Juan County268
Top 10 counties, 2019. index. Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

Share of days with good air quality (US EPA AQI)

Days with a daily Air Quality Index of 0 to 50 (good) as a percentage of the days of the year with an AQI in a US county. Calculated by Invokely from the day counts in the EPA AirData annual summaries; both counts are stored with each value.

Alamosa County: 100 %Alamosa County100Alexandria city: 100 %Alexandria city100Berkeley County: 100 %Berkeley County100Carroll County: 100 %Carroll County100Cass County: 100 %Cass County100Catron County: 100 %Catron County100Cerro Gordo County: 100 %Cerro Gordo County100Colleton County: 100 %Colleton County100Columbiana County: 100 %Columbiana County100Franklin County: 100 %Franklin County100
Top 10 counties, 2019. %. Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

Share of days unhealthy for sensitive groups or worse (US EPA AQI)

Days with a daily Air Quality Index above 100 (unhealthy for sensitive groups, unhealthy, very unhealthy or hazardous) as a percentage of the days of the year with an AQI in a US county. Calculated by Invokely from the day counts in the EPA AirData annual summaries; the counts are stored with each value.

San Bernardino County: 36.4 %San Bernardino County36.4Riverside County: 32.9 %Riverside County32.9Kern County: 26 %Kern County26Los Angeles County: 23.6 %Los Angeles County23.6Tulare County: 22.2 %Tulare County22.2Fresno County: 18.1 %Fresno County18.1Kings County: 11.2 %Kings County11.2Fairbanks North Star Borough: 10.7 %Fairbanks North Star Borough10.7Maricopa County: 10.4 %Maricopa County10.4Pinal County: 9 %Pinal County9
Top 10 counties, 2019. %. Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

Greenhouse gas emissions

Total greenhouse gas emissions in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent: carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and fluorinated gases, including indirect CO2. National inventory reported to the UNFCCC and the EU: the seven Kyoto gases weighted by their 100-year global warming potential. Land use, land use change and forestry (LULUCF) and international aviation and shipping are not included.

European Union (27), 20243,017.19 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentHistory
Germany: 649.77 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentGermany649.77France: 367.02 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentFrance367.02Italy: 363.49 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentItaly363.49Poland: 341.03 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentPoland341.03Spain: 267.71 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentSpain267.71Netherlands: 140.69 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentNetherlands140.69Belgium: 98.01 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentBelgium98.01Czechia: 96.6 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentCzechia96.6Romania: 95.59 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentRomania95.59Greece: 73.28 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentGreece73.28
Top 10 EU countries, 2024. million tonnes of CO2 equivalent. Source: Eurostat, European Commission.

Greenhouse gas emissions from energy

Greenhouse gas emissions from the energy sector (fuel combustion in power plants, industry, transport, buildings and agriculture, plus fugitive emissions from fuels; UNFCCC category 1). It includes transport, which is also published on its own as ghg_emissions_transport, in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent. National inventory reported to the UNFCCC and the EU: the seven Kyoto gases weighted by their 100-year global warming potential. Land use, land use change and forestry (LULUCF) and international aviation and shipping are not included.

European Union (27), 20242,283.21 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentHistory
Germany: 543.29 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentGermany543.29Italy: 294.53 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentItaly294.53Poland: 281.53 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentPoland281.53France: 248.63 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentFrance248.63Spain: 196.84 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentSpain196.84Netherlands: 106.12 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentNetherlands106.12Belgium: 72.88 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentBelgium72.88Czechia: 72.14 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentCzechia72.14Romania: 63.67 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentRomania63.67Greece: 50.04 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentGreece50.04
Top 10 EU countries, 2024. million tonnes of CO2 equivalent. Source: Eurostat, European Commission.

Greenhouse gas emissions from transport

Greenhouse gas emissions from fuel combustion in domestic transport: road, rail, domestic aviation and domestic navigation (UNFCCC category 1.A.3). It is part of ghg_emissions_energy, in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent. National inventory reported to the UNFCCC and the EU: the seven Kyoto gases weighted by their 100-year global warming potential. Land use, land use change and forestry (LULUCF) and international aviation and shipping are not included.

European Union (27), 2024804.76 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentHistory
Germany: 144.87 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentGermany144.87France: 122.36 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentFrance122.36Italy: 113.28 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentItaly113.28Spain: 90.37 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentSpain90.37Poland: 70.01 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentPoland70.01Netherlands: 25.13 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentNetherlands25.13Belgium: 24.92 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentBelgium24.92Romania: 22.71 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentRomania22.71Czechia: 20.76 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentCzechia20.76Austria: 19.51 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentAustria19.51
Top 10 EU countries, 2024. million tonnes of CO2 equivalent. Source: Eurostat, European Commission.

Greenhouse gas emissions from industrial processes

Greenhouse gas emissions from industrial processes and product use, such as cement, lime, chemicals, metals and fluorinated gases in refrigeration (UNFCCC category 2). Fuel burned by industry is counted under energy, in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent. National inventory reported to the UNFCCC and the EU: the seven Kyoto gases weighted by their 100-year global warming potential. Land use, land use change and forestry (LULUCF) and international aviation and shipping are not included.

European Union (27), 2024259.87 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentHistory
Germany: 47.89 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentGermany47.89France: 32.9 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentFrance32.9Poland: 20.56 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentPoland20.56Spain: 20.33 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentSpain20.33Italy: 20.11 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentItaly20.11Belgium: 15.68 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentBelgium15.68Austria: 14.83 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentAustria14.83Netherlands: 13.55 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentNetherlands13.55Czechia: 11.1 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentCzechia11.1Greece: 8.87 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentGreece8.87
Top 10 EU countries, 2024. million tonnes of CO2 equivalent. Source: Eurostat, European Commission.

Greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture

Greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture: livestock digestion, manure, agricultural soils, rice, liming and urea (UNFCCC category 3). Fuel burned by farm machinery is counted under energy, in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent. National inventory reported to the UNFCCC and the EU: the seven Kyoto gases weighted by their 100-year global warming potential. Land use, land use change and forestry (LULUCF) and international aviation and shipping are not included.

European Union (27), 2024359.09 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentHistory
France: 66.77 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentFrance66.77Germany: 53.31 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentGermany53.31Poland: 34.11 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentPoland34.11Spain: 33.25 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentSpain33.25Italy: 28.01 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentItaly28.01Ireland: 19.64 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentIreland19.64Netherlands: 17.73 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentNetherlands17.73Romania: 17.31 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentRomania17.31Denmark: 11.35 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentDenmark11.35Belgium: 8.28 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentBelgium8.28
Top 10 EU countries, 2024. million tonnes of CO2 equivalent. Source: Eurostat, European Commission.

Greenhouse gas emissions from waste

Greenhouse gas emissions from waste management: landfills, composting, incineration without energy recovery and wastewater (UNFCCC category 5), in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent. National inventory reported to the UNFCCC and the EU: the seven Kyoto gases weighted by their 100-year global warming potential. Land use, land use change and forestry (LULUCF) and international aviation and shipping are not included.

European Union (27), 2024111.37 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentHistory
Italy: 19.98 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentItaly19.98France: 17.94 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentFrance17.94Spain: 17.29 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentSpain17.29Romania: 6.32 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentRomania6.32Greece: 6.25 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentGreece6.25Portugal: 5.61 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentPortugal5.61Czechia: 5.52 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentCzechia5.52Germany: 5.28 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentGermany5.28Poland: 4.37 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentPoland4.37Hungary: 4 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentHungary4
Top 10 EU countries, 2024. million tonnes of CO2 equivalent. Source: Eurostat, European Commission.

Greenhouse gas emissions per person

Total greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF and international aviation and shipping (ghg_emissions_total), in tonnes of CO2 equivalent, divided by the population on 1 January of the same year.

European Union (27), 20246.72 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personHistory
Luxembourg: 11.16 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personLuxembourg11.16Ireland: 10.08 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personIreland10.08Poland: 9.31 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personPoland9.31Cyprus: 9.14 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personCyprus9.14Czechia: 8.86 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personCzechia8.86Belgium: 8.29 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personBelgium8.29Netherlands: 7.84 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personNetherlands7.84Germany: 7.79 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personGermany7.79Estonia: 7.45 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personEstonia7.45Slovenia: 7.29 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personSlovenia7.29
Top 10 EU countries, 2024. tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person. Source: Invokely.

Municipal waste generated per person

Municipal waste generated in the year, in kilograms per inhabitant: household waste and similar waste from shops, offices and public institutions, collected by or for municipalities.

European Union (27), 2024517 kg per personHistory
Austria: 782 kg per personAustria782Denmark: 759 kg per personDenmark759Luxembourg: 718 kg per personLuxembourg718Belgium: 688 kg per personBelgium688Cyprus: 661 kg per personCyprus661Germany: 613 kg per personGermany613Malta: 603 kg per personMalta603Ireland: 590 kg per personIreland590Czechia: 538 kg per personCzechia538France: 527 kg per personFrance527
Top 10 EU countries, 2023. kg per person. Source: Eurostat, European Commission.

Municipal waste recycling rate

Municipal waste recycled, including composting and anaerobic digestion, as a percentage of municipal waste generated.

European Union (27), 202448.1%History
Germany: 68.7 %Germany68.7Austria: 62.8 %Austria62.8Slovenia: 59.8 %Slovenia59.8Netherlands: 57.9 %Netherlands57.9Luxembourg: 56.5 %Luxembourg56.5Belgium: 55.8 %Belgium55.8Italy: 50.8 %Italy50.8Latvia: 50.6 %Latvia50.6Slovakia: 50.3 %Slovakia50.3Lithuania: 49.3 %Lithuania49.3
Top 10 EU countries, 2023. %. Source: Eurostat, European Commission.

National Risk Index score (FEMA)

FEMA's composite natural hazard risk score for a US county, from 0 to 100: the county's national percentile rank among all counties for risk, which combines expected annual losses from 18 natural hazards with social vulnerability and community resilience. Higher means more risk.

Los Angeles County: 100 indexLos Angeles County100Cook County: 100 indexCook County100Harris County: 99.9 indexHarris County99.9Riverside County: 99.9 indexRiverside County99.9Maricopa County: 99.9 indexMaricopa County99.9San Bernardino County: 99.8 indexSan Bernardino County99.8Orange County: 99.8 indexOrange County99.8Alameda County: 99.8 indexAlameda County99.8Santa Clara County: 99.8 indexSanta Clara County99.8San Diego County: 99.7 indexSan Diego County99.7
Top 10 counties, 2025. index. Source: Federal Emergency Management Agency.

Expected annual loss from natural hazards (FEMA National Risk Index)

Average loss in US dollars that FEMA expects a US state or county to suffer each year from 18 natural hazards, adding building value, agriculture value and lives lost or injuries valued in dollars, from the National Risk Index. FEMA modelled it from historical hazard frequency, exposure and loss ratios.

California: 30,194,921,299 USDCalifornia30,194,921,299Texas: 12,347,225,288 USDTexas12,347,225,288Florida: 8,785,878,974 USDFlorida8,785,878,974Illinois: 6,410,338,020 USDIllinois6,410,338,020Washington: 4,688,943,879 USDWashington4,688,943,879North Carolina: 4,429,515,350 USDNorth Carolina4,429,515,350New York: 4,272,807,885 USDNew York4,272,807,885Pennsylvania: 4,069,174,295 USDPennsylvania4,069,174,295Missouri: 3,937,739,989 USDMissouri3,937,739,989Arizona: 3,600,033,951 USDArizona3,600,033,951
Top 10 states, 2025. USD. Source: Federal Emergency Management Agency.

Social vulnerability score (FEMA National Risk Index)

Social vulnerability of a US county as used in FEMA's National Risk Index, from 0 to 100: the county's national percentile rank among all counties, based on the Census Bureau's Community Resilience Estimates, which count residents with social and economic risk factors such as low income, age, disability and household conditions. Higher means more vulnerable.

Kusilvak Census Area: 100 indexKusilvak Census Area100Bethel Census Area: 100 indexBethel Census Area100Nome Census Area: 99.9 indexNome Census Area99.9Aleutians East Borough: 99.9 indexAleutians East Borough99.9Martin County: 99.9 indexMartin County99.9Northwest Arctic Borough: 99.8 indexNorthwest Arctic Borough99.8Apache County: 99.8 indexApache County99.8McKinley County: 99.8 indexMcKinley County99.8Ziebach County: 99.8 indexZiebach County99.8Jackson County: 99.7 indexJackson County99.7
Top 10 counties, 2025. index. Source: Federal Emergency Management Agency.

Average annual temperature

Mean air temperature from January to December, in degrees Fahrenheit: the average of the 12 monthly mean temperatures. NOAA computes it from its climate divisional dataset (nClimDiv): station readings interpolated onto a 5 km grid and averaged over the area.

United States, 202554.6 °FHistory
Florida: 72.3 °FFlorida72.3Louisiana: 68.6 °FLouisiana68.6Texas: 67.8 °FTexas67.8Hawaii: 67 °FHawaii67Mississippi: 65.9 °FMississippi65.9Georgia: 64.9 °FGeorgia64.9Alabama: 64.5 °FAlabama64.5South Carolina: 63.7 °FSouth Carolina63.7Arizona: 62.8 °FArizona62.8Arkansas: 62.6 °FArkansas62.6
Top 10 states, 2025. °F. Source: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information.

Annual precipitation

Total precipitation from January to December, in inches: rain plus the water content of snow and other frozen precipitation. NOAA computes it from its climate divisional dataset (nClimDiv): station readings interpolated onto a 5 km grid and averaged over the area.

United States, 202529.26 inchesHistory
Kentucky: 57.49 inchesKentucky57.49Tennessee: 53.42 inchesTennessee53.42Louisiana: 53.05 inchesLouisiana53.05Mississippi: 52.37 inchesMississippi52.37Alabama: 51.8 inchesAlabama51.8Arkansas: 51.56 inchesArkansas51.56West Virginia: 45.08 inchesWest Virginia45.08Rhode Island: 44.81 inchesRhode Island44.81Florida: 44.66 inchesFlorida44.66North Carolina: 44.61 inchesNorth Carolina44.61
Top 10 states, 2025. inches. Source: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information.

Heating degree days

Sum over January to December of the degrees by which the daily mean temperature falls below 65°F, a measure of heating demand. NOAA estimates monthly values from nClimDiv temperatures and weights areas by population (2010 Census).

United States, 20254,062 degree days (base 65°F)History
North Dakota: 8,828 degree days (base 65°F)North Dakota8,828Minnesota: 8,152 degree days (base 65°F)Minnesota8,152Montana: 8,014 degree days (base 65°F)Montana8,014Vermont: 7,911 degree days (base 65°F)Vermont7,911Maine: 7,662 degree days (base 65°F)Maine7,662Wyoming: 7,590 degree days (base 65°F)Wyoming7,590New Hampshire: 7,368 degree days (base 65°F)New Hampshire7,368Wisconsin: 7,344 degree days (base 65°F)Wisconsin7,344South Dakota: 7,159 degree days (base 65°F)South Dakota7,159Michigan: 6,634 degree days (base 65°F)Michigan6,634
Top 10 states, 2025. degree days (base 65°F). Source: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information.

Cooling degree days

Sum over January to December of the degrees by which the daily mean temperature exceeds 65°F, a measure of cooling demand. NOAA estimates monthly values from nClimDiv temperatures and weights areas by population (2010 Census).

United States, 20251,502 degree days (base 65°F)History
Florida: 3,882 degree days (base 65°F)Florida3,882Arizona: 3,330 degree days (base 65°F)Arizona3,330Texas: 3,219 degree days (base 65°F)Texas3,219Louisiana: 3,033 degree days (base 65°F)Louisiana3,033Mississippi: 2,510 degree days (base 65°F)Mississippi2,510Nevada: 2,339 degree days (base 65°F)Nevada2,339Alabama: 2,092 degree days (base 65°F)Alabama2,092Oklahoma: 2,019 degree days (base 65°F)Oklahoma2,019Arkansas: 1,990 degree days (base 65°F)Arkansas1,990South Carolina: 1,973 degree days (base 65°F)South Carolina1,973
Top 10 states, 2025. degree days (base 65°F). Source: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information.

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