Data / Rankings / Greenhouse gas emissions per person / EU countries

EU countries by greenhouse gas emissions per person, 2024

Luxembourg had the highest greenhouse gas emissions per person of 27 EU countries in 2024, at 11.16 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person. Malta had the lowest, at 3.85 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person. The median was 6.73 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person and the figure for the European Union (27) was 6.72 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person. Source: the European Environment Agency greenhouse gas inventory (via Eurostat) and Eurostat.

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Highest11.16Luxembourg
Lowest3.85Malta
Median6.7327 EU countries
European Union (27)6.72History

Map of EU countries, 2024

Austria: 7.28 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personBelgium: 8.29 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personBulgaria: 6.73 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personCyprus: 9.14 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personCzechia: 8.86 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personGermany: 7.79 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personDenmark: 6.17 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personEstonia: 7.45 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personSpain: 5.51 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personFinland: 7.01 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personFrance: 5.34 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personGreece: 7.06 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personCroatia: 6.54 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personHungary: 5.6 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personIreland: 10.08 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personItaly: 6.16 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personLithuania: 6.34 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personLuxembourg: 11.16 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personLatvia: 5.13 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personMalta: 3.85 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personNetherlands: 7.84 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personPoland: 9.31 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personPortugal: 4.84 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personRomania: 5.01 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personSweden: 4.5 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personSlovenia: 7.29 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personSlovakia: 6.25 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person
  • Under 5.4
  • 5.4 to 6.3
  • 6.3 to 7.2
  • 7.2 to 8.2
  • 8.2 and over
tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person, 2024. Source: Invokely calculation with data from European Environment Agency greenhouse gas inventory (via Eurostat), Eurostat. Boundaries: Natural Earth (public domain).

All EU countries, 2024

Luxembourg: 11.16 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personLuxembourg11.16Ireland: 10.08 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personIreland10.08Poland: 9.31 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personPoland9.31Cyprus: 9.14 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personCyprus9.14Czechia: 8.86 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personCzechia8.86Belgium: 8.29 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personBelgium8.29Netherlands: 7.84 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personNetherlands7.84Germany: 7.79 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personGermany7.79Estonia: 7.45 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personEstonia7.45Slovenia: 7.29 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personSlovenia7.29Austria: 7.28 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personAustria7.28Greece: 7.06 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personGreece7.06Finland: 7.01 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personFinland7.01Bulgaria: 6.73 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personBulgaria6.73Croatia: 6.54 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personCroatia6.54Lithuania: 6.34 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personLithuania6.34Slovakia: 6.25 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personSlovakia6.25Denmark: 6.17 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personDenmark6.17Italy: 6.16 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personItaly6.16Hungary: 5.6 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personHungary5.6Spain: 5.51 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personSpain5.51France: 5.34 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personFrance5.34Latvia: 5.13 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personLatvia5.13Romania: 5.01 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personRomania5.01Portugal: 4.84 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personPortugal4.84Sweden: 4.5 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personSweden4.5Malta: 3.85 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personMalta3.85Luxembourg: 11.16 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personLuxembourg11.16Ireland: 10.08 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personIreland10.08Poland: 9.31 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personPoland9.31Cyprus: 9.14 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personCyprus9.14Czechia: 8.86 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personCzechia8.86Belgium: 8.29 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personBelgium8.29Netherlands: 7.84 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personNetherlands7.84Germany: 7.79 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personGermany7.79Estonia: 7.45 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personEstonia7.45Slovenia: 7.29 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personSlovenia7.29Austria: 7.28 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personAustria7.28Greece: 7.06 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personGreece7.06Finland: 7.01 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personFinland7.01Bulgaria: 6.73 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personBulgaria6.73Croatia: 6.54 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personCroatia6.54Lithuania: 6.34 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personLithuania6.34Slovakia: 6.25 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personSlovakia6.25Denmark: 6.17 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personDenmark6.17Italy: 6.16 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personItaly6.16Hungary: 5.6 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personHungary5.6Spain: 5.51 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personSpain5.51France: 5.34 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personFrance5.34Latvia: 5.13 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personLatvia5.13Romania: 5.01 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personRomania5.01Portugal: 4.84 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personPortugal4.84Sweden: 4.5 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personSweden4.5Malta: 3.85 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per personMalta3.85
tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person. Source: Invokely calculation with data from European Environment Agency greenhouse gas inventory (via Eurostat), Eurostat. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Full ranking

RankEU countries2024
tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person		Change on 2023
1Luxembourg11.16-5.7%
2Ireland10.08-3.4%
3Poland9.31-1.5%
4Cyprus9.14-1.2%
5Czechia8.86-6.2%
6Belgium8.29-0.4%
7Netherlands7.84-2.2%
8Germany7.79-3.4%
9Estonia7.45-6.5%
10Slovenia7.29+3.8%
11Austria7.28-3.5%
12Greece7.06+2.1%
13Finland7.01-5.4%
14Bulgaria6.73-5%
15Croatia6.54-0.6%
16Lithuania6.34+1.4%
17Slovakia6.25-7.4%
18Denmark6.17-6.4%
19Italy6.16-3.6%
20Hungary5.6-0.9%
21Spain5.51-1.9%
22France5.34-3.5%
23Latvia5.13-1.9%
24Romania5.01-0.2%
25Portugal4.84-4.1%
26Sweden4.5+7.1%
27Malta3.85-5.4%

Other periods

About this ranking

Total greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF and international aviation and shipping (ghg_emissions_total), in tonnes of CO2 equivalent, divided by the population on 1 January of the same year.

Emissions are counted where they occur, so countries that export energy or heavy industry products show higher values than their consumption alone would cause.

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the EU countries are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

Invokely calculation from Greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF (EEA via Eurostat env_air_gge) divided by population on 1 January (Eurostat demo_r_pjanaggr3). https://invokely.ai/docs/methodology#ghg_emissions_per_capita. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Citation styles

Invokely calculated this figure from the publishers' data, so Invokely is the author and the publishers of the inputs are named.

APA 7

Invokely. (n.d.). Greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF (EEA via Eurostat env_air_gge) divided by population on 1 January (Eurostat demo_r_pjanaggr3) (EU countries by greenhouse gas emissions per person, 2024) [Data set]. Calculated from data by European Environment Agency greenhouse gas inventory (via Eurostat) and Eurostat. Retrieved October 12, 2026, from https://invokely.ai/docs/methodology#ghg_emissions_per_capita

MLA 9

Greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF (EEA via Eurostat env_air_gge) divided by population on 1 January (Eurostat demo_r_pjanaggr3), EU countries by greenhouse gas emissions per person, 2024. Calculated from data by European Environment Agency greenhouse gas inventory (via Eurostat) and Eurostat. Invokely, https://invokely.ai/docs/methodology#ghg_emissions_per_capita. Accessed 12 Oct. 2026.

Chicago (author-date)

Invokely. n.d. Greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF (EEA via Eurostat env_air_gge) divided by population on 1 January (Eurostat demo_r_pjanaggr3). EU countries by greenhouse gas emissions per person, 2024. Dataset. Calculated from data by European Environment Agency greenhouse gas inventory (via Eurostat) and Eurostat. Accessed October 12, 2026. https://invokely.ai/docs/methodology#ghg_emissions_per_capita.

Harvard

Invokely (no date) Greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF (EEA via Eurostat env_air_gge) divided by population on 1 January (Eurostat demo_r_pjanaggr3), EU countries by greenhouse gas emissions per person, 2024 [Dataset]. Calculated from data by European Environment Agency greenhouse gas inventory (via Eurostat) and Eurostat. Available at: https://invokely.ai/docs/methodology#ghg_emissions_per_capita (Accessed: 12 October 2026).

BibTeX
@misc{invokely_eu_countries_by_greenhouse_2024,
  author = {{Invokely}},
  title = {{Greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF (EEA via Eurostat env\_air\_gge) divided by population on 1 January (Eurostat demo\_r\_pjanaggr3): EU countries by greenhouse gas emissions per person, 2024}},
  howpublished = {Data set},
  url = {https://invokely.ai/docs/methodology#ghg_emissions_per_capita},
  urldate = {2026-10-12},
  note = {Calculated from data by European Environment Agency greenhouse gas inventory (via Eurostat) and Eurostat. Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/greenhouse-gas-emissions-per-capita/eu-countries. Publisher attribution: Invokely calculation from Greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF (EEA via Eurostat env\_air\_gge) divided by population on 1 January (Eurostat demo\_r\_pjanaggr3). https://invokely.ai/docs/methodology\#ghg\_emissions\_per\_capita. Retrieved 2026-10-12.},
}
RIS
TY  - DATA
AU  - Invokely
TI  - Greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF (EEA via Eurostat env_air_gge) divided by population on 1 January (Eurostat demo_r_pjanaggr3): EU countries by greenhouse gas emissions per person, 2024
PB  - Invokely
DB  - Invokely
UR  - https://invokely.ai/docs/methodology#ghg_emissions_per_capita
L2  - https://invokely.ai/rankings/greenhouse-gas-emissions-per-capita/eu-countries
Y2  - 2026/10/12
N1  - Calculated from data by European Environment Agency greenhouse gas inventory (via Eurostat) and Eurostat.
N1  - Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/greenhouse-gas-emissions-per-capita/eu-countries.
N1  - Publisher attribution: Invokely calculation from Greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF (EEA via Eurostat env_air_gge) divided by population on 1 January (Eurostat demo_r_pjanaggr3). https://invokely.ai/docs/methodology#ghg_emissions_per_capita. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
ER  -
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Questions

Which EU country has the highest greenhouse gas emissions per person?

Luxembourg, with 11.16 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person in 2024, according to the European Environment Agency greenhouse gas inventory (via Eurostat) and Eurostat.

Which EU country has the lowest greenhouse gas emissions per person?

Malta, with 3.85 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person in 2024.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: Invokely, Greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF (EEA via Eurostat env_air_gge) divided by population on 1 January (Eurostat demo_r_pjanaggr3). Retrieved 2026-10-12.

EU countries: more rankings