Data / Rankings / Fossil CO2 emissions / Countries

Countries by fossil CO2 emissions, 2024

China had the highest fossil CO2 emissions of 215 countries in 2024, at 12,289 million tonnes of CO2. Christmas Island had the lowest, at 0 million tonnes of CO2. The median was 10.8 million tonnes of CO2 and the figure for the World was 38,598.6 million tonnes of CO2. Source: Global Carbon Project.

Highest12,289China
Lowest0Christmas Island
Median10.8215 countries
World38,598.6History

Top 40 countries, 2024

China: 12,289 million tonnes of CO2China12,289United States: 4,904.1 million tonnes of CO2United States4,904.1India: 3,193.5 million tonnes of CO2India3,193.5Russia: 1,780.5 million tonnes of CO2Russia1,780.5Japan: 961.9 million tonnes of CO2Japan961.9Indonesia: 812.2 million tonnes of CO2Indonesia812.2Iran: 792.6 million tonnes of CO2Iran792.6Saudi Arabia: 692.1 million tonnes of CO2Saudi Arabia692.1South Korea: 583.7 million tonnes of CO2South Korea583.7Germany: 572.3 million tonnes of CO2Germany572.3Canada: 533.3 million tonnes of CO2Canada533.3Türkiye: 513 million tonnes of CO2Türkiye513Brazil: 483 million tonnes of CO2Brazil483Mexico: 461 million tonnes of CO2Mexico461South Africa: 439.8 million tonnes of CO2South Africa439.8Australia: 386.7 million tonnes of CO2Australia386.7Vietnam: 370.9 million tonnes of CO2Vietnam370.9United Kingdom: 312.9 million tonnes of CO2United Kingdom312.9Italy: 301.9 million tonnes of CO2Italy301.9Malaysia: 290.2 million tonnes of CO2Malaysia290.2Kazakhstan: 287 million tonnes of CO2Kazakhstan287Poland: 272.9 million tonnes of CO2Poland272.9Thailand: 267.8 million tonnes of CO2Thailand267.8France: 264.2 million tonnes of CO2France264.2Taiwan: 262.3 million tonnes of CO2Taiwan262.3Egypt: 258.4 million tonnes of CO2Egypt258.4Iraq: 233.6 million tonnes of CO2Iraq233.6United Arab Emirates: 222 million tonnes of CO2United Arab Emirates222Spain: 220.3 million tonnes of CO2Spain220.3Algeria: 198.2 million tonnes of CO2Algeria198.2Pakistan: 179.8 million tonnes of CO2Pakistan179.8Philippines: 174.9 million tonnes of CO2Philippines174.9Argentina: 171.1 million tonnes of CO2Argentina171.1Ukraine: 142.5 million tonnes of CO2Ukraine142.5Uzbekistan: 139.2 million tonnes of CO2Uzbekistan139.2Nigeria: 135.8 million tonnes of CO2Nigeria135.8Kuwait: 129.5 million tonnes of CO2Kuwait129.5Qatar: 125.8 million tonnes of CO2Qatar125.8Venezuela: 116 million tonnes of CO2Venezuela116Netherlands: 114.8 million tonnes of CO2Netherlands114.8
million tonnes of CO2. Source: Global Carbon Project, Global Carbon Project fossil CO2 emissions dataset: total fossil CO2 emissions, million tonnes of CO2. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Full ranking

RankCountries2024
million tonnes of CO2		Change on 2023
1China12,289+1%
2United States4,904.1-0.3%
3India3,193.5+4.3%
4Russia1,780.5+2.7%
5Japan961.9-2.5%
6Indonesia812.2+6.5%
7Iran792.6+0.4%
8Saudi Arabia692.1+2.2%
9South Korea583.7-0.9%
10Germany572.3-3.6%
11Canada533.3-2.2%
12Türkiye513+5.4%
13Brazil483-0.2%
14Mexico461+0.6%
15South Africa439.8+0.7%
16Australia386.7+0.6%
17Vietnam370.9+6.8%
18United Kingdom312.9+1.7%
19Italy301.9-3.3%
20Malaysia290.2+5%
21Kazakhstan287+0.3%
22Poland272.9-3.7%
23Thailand267.8+1.1%
24France264.2-2.3%
25Taiwan262.3-1.8%
26Egypt258.4+3.3%
27Iraq233.6+2.5%
28United Arab Emirates222+5.5%
29Spain220.3+2.3%
30Algeria198.2-2.3%
31Pakistan179.8-3.8%
32Philippines174.9+8.6%
33Argentina171.1-4.1%
34Ukraine142.5+2.3%
35Uzbekistan139.2+13.3%
36Nigeria135.8+5%
37Kuwait129.5+5.2%
38Qatar125.8+5.2%
39Venezuela116-3%
40Netherlands114.8-1.9%
41Bangladesh108.3+3.6%
42Colombia92.7+3%
43Belgium85.5+0.9%
44Oman82.7+3.6%
45Turkmenistan81-15.1%
46Chile78.7+1.4%
47Czechia75.6-9.1%
48Peru70.2+6.3%
49Morocco69.1+0.1%
50Romania68.6+1%
51Libya65.3+1.6%
52North Korea62.6+0.8%
53Austria56.4-1%
54Belarus55.8+0.1%
55Singapore53.9+5.6%
56Greece53.4+2.6%
57Israel52.6-5%
58Ecuador46+3.1%
59Mongolia44.7+1.2%
60Serbia42-2.1%
61Hungary40-0.8%
62Azerbaijan39.8-6.8%
63Bahrain39+0.6%
64Sweden38.1+3.8%
65Norway37.2-4.3%
66Portugal35.5-5.5%
67Trinidad and Tobago34.6-2.7%
68Hong Kong33.3+1.1%
69Ireland33.3-0.8%
70Dominican Republic33.1+4.1%
71Tunisia32.7+2.9%
72New Zealand32.5+2.9%
73Switzerland32.1+0.3%
74Syria31.8+0.3%
75Bulgaria31.6-8.3%
76Myanmar31.6-0.6%
77Finland29.8-6.4%
78Slovakia29.1-5.4%
79Bolivia28.7+16.6%
80Denmark28.4-1.6%
81Cuba24.4+4.1%
82Laos24.4+1%
83Jordan23.2+0.4%
84Angola22.3+3%
85Cambodia21.9+2.2%
86Kenya21.2+0.2%
87Ghana21+4.4%
88Sri Lanka20.8+8.7%
89Tanzania20-1.4%
90Guatemala19.9+0.7%
91Bosnia and Herzegovina19.4-2.3%
92Nepal18.8+2.3%
93Croatia18.5-0%
94Ethiopia17.8+1.5%
95Sudan17.8+0.4%
96Lebanon15.6+0.6%
97Côte d’Ivoire14.8+5.5%
98Senegal14.1+0.1%
99Zimbabwe13.7+1.9%
100Honduras12.9+3.6%
101Slovenia12.8+6.2%
102Panama12.7-2.6%
103Lithuania12.5+0.3%
104Brunei12.1-3.6%
105Zambia12+1.8%
106Georgia11.8-1.2%
107Kyrgyzstan11.8+5.6%
108Afghanistan10.8+2.9%
109Tajikistan10.7+4.6%
110Yemen10.1-0.2%
111Cameroon9.6-0.7%
112El Salvador9+3.5%
113Republic of the Congo8.8+6.8%
114Costa Rica8.8+3.4%
115Mozambique8.6-5.3%
116Jamaica8.4+4.1%
117Papua New Guinea8.3-0.1%
118Estonia8.3-5%
119Uruguay8+4.5%
120Paraguay7.9+3.8%
121Botswana7.5+2.9%
122Armenia7.40%
123Cyprus7.3+1.5%
124Luxembourg7+2.9%
125Equatorial Guinea7+1.4%
126Mali7+3.5%
127North Macedonia6.6-9.8%
128Burkina Faso6.5+3.2%
129Latvia6.5-1.9%
130Uganda6.3+1.6%
131Benin6.1+2.3%
132Democratic Republic of the Congo5.9+0.4%
133Nicaragua5.6+3.7%
134Gabon5.4+1.5%
135Moldova5.3-0%
136New Caledonia5.3+4.3%
137Mauritania5.2+4%
138Palestine4.8+0.5%
139Mauritius4.7+1.9%
140Madagascar4.5+1.8%
141Guyana4.5+3%
142Albania4.4+0.6%
143Guinea4+3.9%
144Iceland3.8+8.4%
145Namibia3.5+0.8%
146Niger3.2+1.2%
147Bahamas3.1+3.8%
148Suriname3+4.2%
149Haiti3+3.7%
150Chad2.8-0.6%
151Togo2.8+3.1%
152Lesotho2.6+3.1%
153Montenegro2.4-1.3%
154Maldives2.3+4.6%
155Curaçao2.3+3.8%
156Rwanda2+0.9%
157Malawi1.9+1.6%
158Malta1.7-2.2%
159South Sudan1.7+1.8%
160Bhutan1.7+1.7%
161Fiji1.4+4.6%
162Sierra Leone1.4+3.9%
163Barbados1.4+3.7%
164Somalia1.3+1.8%
165Macao1.1+1.3%
166Eswatini1+1.5%
167French Polynesia0.9+4.6%
168Aruba0.9+3.8%
169Burundi0.9+1.8%
170Liberia0.9+3%
171Gambia0.8+3.9%
172Belize0.8+3.9%
173Eritrea0.7+1.6%
174Faroe Islands0.7+1.6%
175Sint Maarten0.7+3.8%
176Timor-Leste0.7+4.9%
177Antigua and Barbuda0.7+3.8%
178Seychelles0.7+1.8%
179Greenland0.6+1.6%
180Cape Verde0.6+3.9%
181Djibouti0.6+1.2%
182Comoros0.6+1.8%
183Bermuda0.6+3.8%
184Saint Lucia0.5+3.8%
185Andorra0.4+1.6%
186Central African Republic0.4+1.4%
187Turks and Caicos Islands0.4+3.8%
188Grenada0.4+3.9%
189Guinea-Bissau0.3+3.9%
190Solomon Islands0.3+4.6%
191Saint Kitts and Nevis0.3+3.8%
192Saint Vincent and the Grenadines0.3+3.8%
193Samoa0.2+4.6%
194Palau0.2+4.6%
195Vanuatu0.2+4.6%
196British Virgin Islands0.2+3.8%
197Dominica0.2+3.8%
198Marshall Islands0.2+4.6%
199Tonga0.2+4.6%
200Caribbean Netherlands0.2+3.8%
201Micronesia0.2+4.6%
202Anguilla0.1+3.8%
203São Tomé and Príncipe0.1+1.4%
204Liechtenstein0.1+0.3%
205Cook Islands0.1+4.6%
206Kiribati0.1+4.6%
207Nauru0.1+4.6%
208Saint Pierre and Miquelon0.1+3.8%
209Wallis and Futuna0+4.6%
210Montserrat0+3.8%
211Tuvalu0+4.6%
212Saint Helena0+3.8%
213Niue0+4.6%
214Antarctica0n/a
214Christmas Island0n/a

Other periods

About this ranking

Carbon dioxide emitted from fossil sources in the year, in million tonnes of CO2, as estimated by the Global Carbon Project for the Global Carbon Budget. Fossil CO2 covers the burning of coal, oil and gas, gas flaring, cement production and other industrial carbonate use. Emissions are counted in the country where they occur (territorial emissions). International aviation and shipping are left out of country figures and included in the World total. Land use change is not included.

Higher than energy_co2_emissions (EIA), which counts CO2 from energy use only, and lower than greenhouse gas totals, which add methane, nitrous oxide and fluorinated gases. Each annual Global Carbon Budget release revises past years.

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the countries are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

Andrew, R. M. and Peters, G. P., The Global Carbon Project's fossil CO2 emissions dataset, Global Carbon Budget (Friedlingstein et al.). Global Carbon Project fossil CO2 emissions dataset: total fossil CO2 emissions, million tonnes of CO2. https://zenodo.org/records/17417124. Retrieved 2026-10-12. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.

Citation styles

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APA 7

Global Carbon Project. (2025). Global Carbon Project fossil CO2 emissions dataset: total fossil CO2 emissions, million tonnes of CO2 (Countries by fossil CO2 emissions, 2024) [Data set]. Retrieved October 12, 2026, from https://zenodo.org/records/17417124

MLA 9

Global Carbon Project fossil CO2 emissions dataset: total fossil CO2 emissions, million tonnes of CO2, Countries by fossil CO2 emissions, 2024. Global Carbon Project, 22 Oct. 2025, https://zenodo.org/records/17417124. Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/fossil-co2-emissions/countries. Accessed 12 Oct. 2026.

Chicago (author-date)

Global Carbon Project. 2025. Global Carbon Project fossil CO2 emissions dataset: total fossil CO2 emissions, million tonnes of CO2. Countries by fossil CO2 emissions, 2024. Dataset. Accessed October 12, 2026. https://zenodo.org/records/17417124. Also distributed by Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/fossil-co2-emissions/countries.

Harvard

Global Carbon Project (2025) Global Carbon Project fossil CO2 emissions dataset: total fossil CO2 emissions, million tonnes of CO2, Countries by fossil CO2 emissions, 2024 [Dataset]. Available at: https://zenodo.org/records/17417124, via Invokely: https://invokely.ai/rankings/fossil-co2-emissions/countries (Accessed: 12 October 2026).

BibTeX
@misc{global_countries_by_fossil_co2_2024,
  author = {{Global Carbon Project}},
  title = {{Global Carbon Project fossil CO2 emissions dataset: total fossil CO2 emissions, million tonnes of CO2: Countries by fossil CO2 emissions, 2024}},
  year = {2025},
  howpublished = {Data set},
  url = {https://zenodo.org/records/17417124},
  urldate = {2026-10-12},
  note = {Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/fossil-co2-emissions/countries. Publisher attribution: Andrew, R. M. and Peters, G. P., The Global Carbon Project's fossil CO2 emissions dataset, Global Carbon Budget (Friedlingstein et al.). Global Carbon Project fossil CO2 emissions dataset: total fossil CO2 emissions, million tonnes of CO2. https://zenodo.org/records/17417124. Retrieved 2026-10-12. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.},
}
RIS
TY  - DATA
AU  - Global Carbon Project
TI  - Global Carbon Project fossil CO2 emissions dataset: total fossil CO2 emissions, million tonnes of CO2: Countries by fossil CO2 emissions, 2024
PY  - 2025
DA  - 2025/10/22
PB  - Global Carbon Project
DB  - Invokely
UR  - https://zenodo.org/records/17417124
L2  - https://invokely.ai/rankings/fossil-co2-emissions/countries
Y2  - 2026/10/12
N1  - Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/fossil-co2-emissions/countries.
N1  - Publisher attribution: Andrew, R. M. and Peters, G. P., The Global Carbon Project's fossil CO2 emissions dataset, Global Carbon Budget (Friedlingstein et al.). Global Carbon Project fossil CO2 emissions dataset: total fossil CO2 emissions, million tonnes of CO2. https://zenodo.org/records/17417124. Retrieved 2026-10-12. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.
ER  -
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Questions

Which country has the highest fossil CO2 emissions?

China, with 12,289 million tonnes of CO2 in 2024, according to Global Carbon Project.

Which country has the lowest fossil CO2 emissions?

Christmas Island, with 0 million tonnes of CO2 in 2024.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: Global Carbon Project, Global Carbon Project fossil CO2 emissions dataset: total fossil CO2 emissions, million tonnes of CO2. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Fossil CO2 emissions: other rankings

Countries: more rankings