Data / Rankings / Fossil CO2 emissions / Countries

Countries by fossil CO2 emissions

China had the highest fossil CO2 emissions of 215 countries in 2014, at 9,976 million tonnes of CO2. Christmas Island had the lowest, at 0 million tonnes of CO2. The median was 8.7 million tonnes of CO2 and the figure for the World was 35,465.7 million tonnes of CO2. Source: Global Carbon Project.

Highest9,976China
Lowest0Christmas Island
Median8.7215 countries
World35,465.7History

Top 40 countries, 2014

China: 9,976 million tonnes of CO2China9,976United States: 5,531.4 million tonnes of CO2United States5,531.4India: 2,148.1 million tonnes of CO2India2,148.1Russia: 1,637.3 million tonnes of CO2Russia1,637.3Japan: 1,260.3 million tonnes of CO2Japan1,260.3Germany: 792.6 million tonnes of CO2Germany792.6Iran: 644.2 million tonnes of CO2Iran644.2South Korea: 629.4 million tonnes of CO2South Korea629.4Saudi Arabia: 585.1 million tonnes of CO2Saudi Arabia585.1Canada: 564.9 million tonnes of CO2Canada564.9Brazil: 556.5 million tonnes of CO2Brazil556.5Indonesia: 498 million tonnes of CO2Indonesia498Mexico: 484 million tonnes of CO2Mexico484South Africa: 481.6 million tonnes of CO2South Africa481.6United Kingdom: 438.8 million tonnes of CO2United Kingdom438.8Australia: 392.6 million tonnes of CO2Australia392.6Türkiye: 367.3 million tonnes of CO2Türkiye367.3Italy: 349.4 million tonnes of CO2Italy349.4France: 327.8 million tonnes of CO2France327.8Poland: 309.4 million tonnes of CO2Poland309.4Kazakhstan: 299.1 million tonnes of CO2Kazakhstan299.1Taiwan: 277 million tonnes of CO2Taiwan277Thailand: 272.5 million tonnes of CO2Thailand272.5Ukraine: 257.7 million tonnes of CO2Ukraine257.7Spain: 253.7 million tonnes of CO2Spain253.7Malaysia: 245.1 million tonnes of CO2Malaysia245.1Egypt: 227.3 million tonnes of CO2Egypt227.3United Arab Emirates: 214.5 million tonnes of CO2United Arab Emirates214.5Argentina: 188.5 million tonnes of CO2Argentina188.5Vietnam: 180 million tonnes of CO2Vietnam180Venezuela: 176 million tonnes of CO2Venezuela176Netherlands: 157.5 million tonnes of CO2Netherlands157.5Algeria: 152.4 million tonnes of CO2Algeria152.4Pakistan: 150.8 million tonnes of CO2Pakistan150.8Iraq: 137.5 million tonnes of CO2Iraq137.5Nigeria: 124 million tonnes of CO2Nigeria124Uzbekistan: 107.5 million tonnes of CO2Uzbekistan107.5Czechia: 104.2 million tonnes of CO2Czechia104.2Philippines: 100.1 million tonnes of CO2Philippines100.1Belgium: 97.1 million tonnes of CO2Belgium97.1
million tonnes of CO2. Source: Global Carbon Project, Global Carbon Project fossil CO2 emissions dataset: total fossil CO2 emissions, million tonnes of CO2. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Full ranking

RankCountries2014
million tonnes of CO2		Change on 2013
1China9,976+0.3%
2United States5,531.4+1.1%
3India2,148.1+7.7%
4Russia1,637.3-0%
5Japan1,260.3-3.9%
6Germany792.6-4.7%
7Iran644.2+5.6%
8South Korea629.4-0.8%
9Saudi Arabia585.1+0.3%
10Canada564.9-0.6%
11Brazil556.5+4.7%
12Indonesia498+0.9%
13Mexico484-2.3%
14South Africa481.6+5.6%
15United Kingdom438.8-8.1%
16Australia392.6-1.3%
17Türkiye367.3+4.7%
18Italy349.4-5.4%
19France327.8-8.9%
20Poland309.4-3.8%
21Kazakhstan299.1+18%
22Taiwan277+0.9%
23Thailand272.5+3.3%
24Ukraine257.7-13.4%
25Spain253.7+0.6%
26Malaysia245.1+1.4%
27Egypt227.3+3.7%
28United Arab Emirates214.5+0.2%
29Argentina188.5-0.5%
30Vietnam180+18.9%
31Venezuela176-11.3%
32Netherlands157.5-4.5%
33Algeria152.4+7.7%
34Pakistan150.8+1.8%
35Iraq137.5-3%
36Nigeria124+5.6%
37Uzbekistan107.5-4.4%
38Czechia104.2-2.3%
39Philippines100.1+5.5%
40Belgium97.1-5.6%
41Colombia92+6.5%
42Qatar91.6+0.2%
43Romania79.3+0.7%
44Greece78.6-3.8%
45Chile77.6-5.1%
46Kuwait75-9.7%
47Libya68.3+33.1%
48Bangladesh67.6+4.3%
49Oman66.2+0.9%
50Austria64.2-5.3%
51Belarus63.7-0.7%
52Turkmenistan62.8-2.4%
53Israel60.3-4.5%
54Morocco57.2+1%
55Peru49.4+15.6%
56Portugal47.9-0.4%
57Finland47.6-7.9%
58Singapore47.6+1.3%
59Trinidad and Tobago46.9+2.3%
60Hong Kong45.5+2.7%
61Bulgaria45.2+6.1%
62Norway45+1%
63Ecuador43.8+10.3%
64Hungary43.6+0.4%
65Sweden43.4-3.8%
66North Korea39.8+10.2%
67Switzerland39.2-9.1%
68Denmark37.6-10%
69Serbia37.3-16.3%
70Ireland36.8-1.2%
71New Zealand35.4+0.5%
72Syria34.9+1.8%
73Azerbaijan34.3+2.3%
74Slovakia33.7-5.4%
75Bahrain31-0.8%
76Tunisia29.9+3.8%
77Mongolia29.6-31.9%
78Cuba27.4-1.9%
79Yemen26.6-2.5%
80Jordan26.2+8.7%
81Angola26.1+1.5%
82Lebanon24+8.2%
83Dominican Republic21.3+2%
84Bolivia19.9+11.9%
85Bosnia and Herzegovina19.3-11.4%
86Estonia18.8-4.3%
87Croatia17.6-4.1%
88Sri Lanka17.1+20.7%
89Myanmar15.8+24.7%
90Slovenia13.6-10.4%
91Guatemala13.4+7.5%
92Ghana13.3+5.1%
93Kenya13.2+8.6%
94Sudan13.1-24.6%
95Lithuania12.8-2.3%
96Zimbabwe11.9+2.4%
97Ethiopia11.5+18.5%
98Tanzania11-2.3%
99Panama10.7+4%
100Kyrgyzstan10.2+5.2%
101Côte d’Ivoire9.9+2.3%
102Luxembourg9.8-5%
103Honduras9.5+1.9%
104Georgia9.1+12.8%
105Brunei8.8+15.8%
106Cameroon8.8+11.7%
107Senegal8.7+11.1%
108Afghanistan8.7-2.2%
109Mozambique8.1+126.9%
110Costa Rica7.7+1.6%
111Jamaica7.7-9.3%
112Equatorial Guinea7.6-6.5%
113Nepal7.6+22%
114Latvia7.2-2.7%
115North Macedonia7.2-3.8%
116Cyprus6.9+5.3%
117Botswana6.9+21%
118Curaçao6.8+14.6%
119Cambodia6.7+19.1%
120Uruguay6.7-10.8%
121Papua New Guinea6.1+35.1%
122El Salvador6.1+1%
123Albania6.1+13.6%
124Gabon5.7+9.1%
125Armenia5.6+1.2%
126Republic of the Congo5.5-7.1%
127Paraguay5.5+5.5%
128Zambia5.3+19.4%
129Democratic Republic of the Congo5.1+29.2%
130New Caledonia5+26.2%
131Benin4.8+4.6%
132Moldova4.8-2.9%
133Nicaragua4.7+2.9%
134Tajikistan4.6+58.4%
135Laos4.4+4.4%
136Mauritius4.2+3.4%
137Uganda4.1+8.9%
138Iceland3.4-1.2%
139Suriname3.2+1.6%
140Mali3.1+14.4%
141Namibia3.1+3.2%
142Madagascar3-2.9%
143Burkina Faso2.9+2.1%
144Palestine2.8+16.4%
145Haiti2.7-0.2%
146Mauritania2.6+18.2%
147Malta2.4-0.5%
148Guinea2.4+14.1%
149Niger2.3+8.6%
150Lesotho2.2+5.5%
151Chad2.2+4.8%
152Montenegro2.1-2%
153Bahamas2.1+3.5%
154Guyana2+3.9%
155South Sudan1.5+3.8%
156Togo1.5-8.8%
157Barbados1.4-11.2%
158Bhutan1.3+5%
159Maldives1.3+20.4%
160Macao1.3+30.7%
161Fiji1.2+13.8%
162Sierra Leone1.1+7.3%
163Malawi1-9.4%
164Somalia0.9+3.4%
165Aruba0.9+1.3%
166French Polynesia0.9-3.7%
167Rwanda0.8+6.5%
168Eswatini0.8-42.1%
169Liberia0.7-16.1%
170Sint Maarten0.7+1.5%
171Bermuda0.7+24.7%
172Timor-Leste0.6+1.1%
173Faroe Islands0.6-7.9%
174Eritrea0.6-0.1%
175Antigua and Barbuda0.6+2%
176Gambia0.5+17.9%
177Greenland0.5-10.6%
178Belize0.5+6.2%
179Cape Verde0.5-0.7%
180Saint Lucia0.50%
181Andorra0.5-3.1%
182Seychelles0.5+10.6%
183Djibouti0.4+9.7%
184Burundi0.4-18.6%
185Solomon Islands0.3-12.6%
186Turks and Caicos Islands0.3+7.7%
187Saint Vincent and the Grenadines0.3+18.6%
188Grenada0.2-19.5%
189Saint Kitts and Nevis0.2+1.6%
190Palau0.2-3.2%
191British Virgin Islands0.2+1.7%
192Samoa0.2+5.8%
193Dominica0.2+7%
194Comoros0.2-10%
195Liechtenstein0.2-16.3%
196Vanuatu0.2+43.3%
197Guinea-Bissau0.10%
198Marshall Islands0.10%
198Micronesia0.1+2.7%
200Central African Republic0.1+28.6%
201São Tomé and Príncipe0.1+16.7%
202Anguilla0.1+6.5%
203Caribbean Netherlands0.1+3.2%
204Tonga0.1-3.3%
205Cook Islands0.10%
206Saint Pierre and Miquelon0.10%
207Kiribati0.10%
208Nauru0.1+7.7%
209Montserrat0-14.3%
210Wallis and Futuna00%
211Saint Helena00%
212Niue00%
212Tuvalu00%
214Antarctica0n/a
214Christmas Island0n/a

Other periods

About this ranking

Carbon dioxide emitted from fossil sources in the year, in million tonnes of CO2, as estimated by the Global Carbon Project for the Global Carbon Budget. Fossil CO2 covers the burning of coal, oil and gas, gas flaring, cement production and other industrial carbonate use. Emissions are counted in the country where they occur (territorial emissions). International aviation and shipping are left out of country figures and included in the World total. Land use change is not included.

Higher than energy_co2_emissions (EIA), which counts CO2 from energy use only, and lower than greenhouse gas totals, which add methane, nitrous oxide and fluorinated gases. Each annual Global Carbon Budget release revises past years.

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the countries are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

Andrew, R. M. and Peters, G. P., The Global Carbon Project's fossil CO2 emissions dataset, Global Carbon Budget (Friedlingstein et al.). Global Carbon Project fossil CO2 emissions dataset: total fossil CO2 emissions, million tonnes of CO2. https://zenodo.org/records/17417124. Retrieved 2026-10-12. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.

Citation styles

The publisher is the author. Invokely is named only as the place the figures were read, where a style asks for it.

APA 7

Global Carbon Project. (2025). Global Carbon Project fossil CO2 emissions dataset: total fossil CO2 emissions, million tonnes of CO2 (Countries by fossil CO2 emissions, 2014) [Data set]. Retrieved October 12, 2026, from https://zenodo.org/records/17417124

MLA 9

Global Carbon Project fossil CO2 emissions dataset: total fossil CO2 emissions, million tonnes of CO2, Countries by fossil CO2 emissions, 2014. Global Carbon Project, 22 Oct. 2025, https://zenodo.org/records/17417124. Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/fossil-co2-emissions/countries?period=2014. Accessed 12 Oct. 2026.

Chicago (author-date)

Global Carbon Project. 2025. Global Carbon Project fossil CO2 emissions dataset: total fossil CO2 emissions, million tonnes of CO2. Countries by fossil CO2 emissions, 2014. Dataset. Accessed October 12, 2026. https://zenodo.org/records/17417124. Also distributed by Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/fossil-co2-emissions/countries?period=2014.

Harvard

Global Carbon Project (2025) Global Carbon Project fossil CO2 emissions dataset: total fossil CO2 emissions, million tonnes of CO2, Countries by fossil CO2 emissions, 2014 [Dataset]. Available at: https://zenodo.org/records/17417124, via Invokely: https://invokely.ai/rankings/fossil-co2-emissions/countries?period=2014 (Accessed: 12 October 2026).

BibTeX
@misc{global_countries_by_fossil_co2_2014,
  author = {{Global Carbon Project}},
  title = {{Global Carbon Project fossil CO2 emissions dataset: total fossil CO2 emissions, million tonnes of CO2: Countries by fossil CO2 emissions, 2014}},
  year = {2025},
  howpublished = {Data set},
  url = {https://zenodo.org/records/17417124},
  urldate = {2026-10-12},
  note = {Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/fossil-co2-emissions/countries?period=2014. Publisher attribution: Andrew, R. M. and Peters, G. P., The Global Carbon Project's fossil CO2 emissions dataset, Global Carbon Budget (Friedlingstein et al.). Global Carbon Project fossil CO2 emissions dataset: total fossil CO2 emissions, million tonnes of CO2. https://zenodo.org/records/17417124. Retrieved 2026-10-12. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.},
}
RIS
TY  - DATA
AU  - Global Carbon Project
TI  - Global Carbon Project fossil CO2 emissions dataset: total fossil CO2 emissions, million tonnes of CO2: Countries by fossil CO2 emissions, 2014
PY  - 2025
DA  - 2025/10/22
PB  - Global Carbon Project
DB  - Invokely
UR  - https://zenodo.org/records/17417124
L2  - https://invokely.ai/rankings/fossil-co2-emissions/countries?period=2014
Y2  - 2026/10/12
N1  - Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/fossil-co2-emissions/countries?period=2014.
N1  - Publisher attribution: Andrew, R. M. and Peters, G. P., The Global Carbon Project's fossil CO2 emissions dataset, Global Carbon Budget (Friedlingstein et al.). Global Carbon Project fossil CO2 emissions dataset: total fossil CO2 emissions, million tonnes of CO2. https://zenodo.org/records/17417124. Retrieved 2026-10-12. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.
ER  -
Embed this chart

Paste this code into a web page or a blog post. The chart shows the latest figures as they are published, with the source and a link back to this page.

Sites that read oEmbed links, such as WordPress, can show the chart when you paste the link to this page.

Use this data in your AI agent

Invokely serves this figure to AI assistants through MCP and to code through a REST API, with the source and citation attached. Ask your assistant:

Rank Countries by fossil CO2 emissions using official data, and cite the source.
rank_places {"indicator":"fossil_co2_emissions","level":"country","limit":10}
GET https://invokely.ai/api/v1/rank?indicator=fossil_co2_emissions&level=country&limit=10

Connect Claude, ChatGPT or Cursor in one step. The trial answers 25 calls a day without an account.

Questions

Which country has the highest fossil CO2 emissions?

China, with 9,976 million tonnes of CO2 in 2014, according to Global Carbon Project.

Which country has the lowest fossil CO2 emissions?

Christmas Island, with 0 million tonnes of CO2 in 2014.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: Global Carbon Project, Global Carbon Project fossil CO2 emissions dataset: total fossil CO2 emissions, million tonnes of CO2. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Fossil CO2 emissions: other rankings

Countries: more rankings