Data / Environment and emissions / The world

Environment and emissions around the world

The latest figures for 6 indicators in the world, how the countries compare, and the source of each figure.

Figures last updated on 2026-10-12.

CO2 emissions from energy consumption

Of 217 countries in 2024, China had the most CO2 emissions from energy consumption (12,715.9 million tonnes of CO2) and French Guiana, Guadeloupe and 4 others the fewest (0 million tonnes of CO2).

Highest, 202412,715.9 million tonnes of CO2China
Lowest, 20240 million tonnes of CO2French Guiana and 5 others
China: 12,715.9 million tonnes of CO2China12,715.9United States: 4,782.3 million tonnes of CO2United States4,782.3India: 2,871.8 million tonnes of CO2India2,871.8Russia: 1,952.2 million tonnes of CO2Russia1,952.2Japan: 941 million tonnes of CO2Japan941Indonesia: 886.8 million tonnes of CO2Indonesia886.8Iran: 775.7 million tonnes of CO2Iran775.7Saudi Arabia: 677 million tonnes of CO2Saudi Arabia677South Korea: 644.1 million tonnes of CO2South Korea644.1Canada: 600.8 million tonnes of CO2Canada600.8
Top 10 countries, 2024. million tonnes of CO2. Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration.

Highest and lowest countries

Full ranking of countries. Sources: U.S. Energy Information Administration, International Energy Statistics: CO2 emissions from the consumption of energy, million metric tonnes (series INTL.4008-8-MMTCD.A).

Methane emissions

Of 217 countries in 2025, China had the most methane emissions (51,093.4 thousand tonnes of methane) and Tokelau the fewest (0 thousand tonnes of methane).

Highest, 202551,093.4 thousand tonnes of methaneChina
Lowest, 20250 thousand tonnes of methaneTokelau
China: 51,093.4 thousand tonnes of methaneChina51,093.4India: 31,300.6 thousand tonnes of methaneIndia31,300.6United States: 29,362.3 thousand tonnes of methaneUnited States29,362.3Brazil: 21,983.5 thousand tonnes of methaneBrazil21,983.5Indonesia: 14,716.7 thousand tonnes of methaneIndonesia14,716.7Russia: 14,613.6 thousand tonnes of methaneRussia14,613.6Pakistan: 9,197.8 thousand tonnes of methanePakistan9,197.8Nigeria: 6,225.2 thousand tonnes of methaneNigeria6,225.2Iran: 5,516.2 thousand tonnes of methaneIran5,516.2Iraq: 5,189.6 thousand tonnes of methaneIraq5,189.6
Top 10 countries, 2025. thousand tonnes of methane. Source: European Commission, Joint Research Centre.

Highest and lowest countries

  • China51,093.4 thousand tonnes of methane
  • India31,300.6 thousand tonnes of methane
  • United States29,362.3 thousand tonnes of methane
  • Nauru0.1 thousand tonnes of methane
  • Niue0 thousand tonnes of methane
  • Tokelau0 thousand tonnes of methane

Full ranking of countries. Sources: European Commission, Joint Research Centre, EDGAR CH4 emissions by country, thousand tonnes (Gg) of methane.

Nitrous oxide emissions

Of 217 countries in 2025, China had the most nitrous oxide emissions (2,435.74 thousand tonnes of nitrous oxide) and Tokelau the fewest (0 thousand tonnes of nitrous oxide).

Highest, 20252,435.74 thousand tonnes of nitrous oxideChina
Lowest, 20250 thousand tonnes of nitrous oxideTokelau
China: 2,435.74 thousand tonnes of nitrous oxideChina2,435.74India: 1,126.47 thousand tonnes of nitrous oxideIndia1,126.47United States: 833.37 thousand tonnes of nitrous oxideUnited States833.37Brazil: 651.93 thousand tonnes of nitrous oxideBrazil651.93Russia: 355.13 thousand tonnes of nitrous oxideRussia355.13Indonesia: 260.4 thousand tonnes of nitrous oxideIndonesia260.4Pakistan: 253.09 thousand tonnes of nitrous oxidePakistan253.09Australia: 195.23 thousand tonnes of nitrous oxideAustralia195.23Ethiopia: 165.47 thousand tonnes of nitrous oxideEthiopia165.47Mexico: 165.31 thousand tonnes of nitrous oxideMexico165.31
Top 10 countries, 2025. thousand tonnes of nitrous oxide. Source: European Commission, Joint Research Centre.

Highest and lowest countries

  • China2,435.74 thousand tonnes of nitrous oxide
  • India1,126.47 thousand tonnes of nitrous oxide
  • United States833.37 thousand tonnes of nitrous oxide
  • Nauru0 thousand tonnes of nitrous oxide
  • Niue0 thousand tonnes of nitrous oxide
  • Tokelau0 thousand tonnes of nitrous oxide

Full ranking of countries. Sources: European Commission, Joint Research Centre, EDGAR N2O emissions by country, thousand tonnes (Gg) of nitrous oxide.

Fluorinated gas emissions

Of 145 countries in 2024, China had the most fluorinated gas emissions (732.26 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent) and Grenada the fewest (0 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent).

Highest, 2024732.26 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentChina
Lowest, 20240 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentGrenada
China: 732.26 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentChina732.26United States: 196.71 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentUnited States196.71India: 93.39 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentIndia93.39Saudi Arabia: 62.98 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentSaudi Arabia62.98Russia: 40.68 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentRussia40.68Thailand: 39.21 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentThailand39.21South Korea: 25.21 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentSouth Korea25.21United Arab Emirates: 24.3 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentUnited Arab Emirates24.3Iran: 20.05 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentIran20.05Egypt: 18.02 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentEgypt18.02
Top 10 countries, 2024. million tonnes of CO2 equivalent. Source: European Commission, Joint Research Centre.

Highest and lowest countries

  • China732.26 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent
  • United States196.71 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent
  • India93.39 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent
  • Belarus0.01 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent
  • Tajikistan0.01 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent
  • Grenada0 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent

Full ranking of countries. Sources: European Commission, Joint Research Centre, EDGAR F-gases emissions by country, AR5 CO2 equivalent (HFC, PFC, SF6 and NF3).

Fossil CO2 emissions

Fossil CO2 emissions in the world were 38,598.6 million tonnes of CO2 in 2024, up 1.3% from 2023.

Of 215 countries in 2024, China had the most fossil CO2 emissions (12,289 million tonnes of CO2) and Antarctica and Christmas Island the fewest (0 million tonnes of CO2).

World, 202438,598.6 million tonnes of CO2Up 1.3% from 2023History
Highest, 202412,289 million tonnes of CO2China
Lowest, 20240 million tonnes of CO2Antarctica and Christmas Island

Highest and lowest countries

Full ranking of countries. Sources: Global Carbon Project, Global Carbon Project fossil CO2 emissions dataset: total fossil CO2 emissions, million tonnes of CO2.

Fossil CO2 emissions per person

Fossil CO2 emissions per person in the world were 4.73 tonnes of CO2 per person in 2024, up 0.5% from 2023.

Of 213 countries in 2024, Qatar had the most fossil CO2 emissions per person (41.27 tonnes of CO2 per person) and Democratic Republic of the Congo the fewest (0.05 tonnes of CO2 per person).

World, 20244.73 tonnes of CO2 per personUp 0.5% from 2023History
Highest, 202441.27 tonnes of CO2 per personQatar
Lowest, 20240.05 tonnes of CO2 per personDemocratic Republic of the Congo

Highest and lowest countries

  • Qatar41.27 tonnes of CO2 per person
  • Kuwait26.25 tonnes of CO2 per person
  • Brunei26.05 tonnes of CO2 per person

Full ranking of countries. Sources: Global Carbon Project, Global Carbon Project fossil CO2 emissions dataset: fossil CO2 emissions per person, tonnes of CO2.

Sources and citations

Each figure comes from the table cited here. Cite the publisher; these citations include any notice the publisher requires.

  1. Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration. International Energy Statistics: CO2 emissions from the consumption of energy, million metric tonnes (series INTL.4008-8-MMTCD.A). Retrieved through Data Commons (datacommons.org). https://www.eia.gov/international/data/world. Retrieved 2026-10-11. Retrieved through Data Commons (https://datacommons.org).
  2. EDGAR (Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research) Community GHG Database, European Commission, Joint Research Centre. EDGAR CH4 emissions by country, thousand tonnes (Gg) of methane. https://jeodpp.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ftp/jrc-opendata/EDGAR/datasets/EDGAR_2026_GHG/. Retrieved 2026-10-12. © European Union, licensed under CC BY 4.0.
  3. EDGAR (Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research) Community GHG Database, European Commission, Joint Research Centre. EDGAR N2O emissions by country, thousand tonnes (Gg) of nitrous oxide. https://jeodpp.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ftp/jrc-opendata/EDGAR/datasets/EDGAR_2026_GHG/. Retrieved 2026-10-12. © European Union, licensed under CC BY 4.0.
  4. EDGAR (Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research) Community GHG Database, European Commission, Joint Research Centre. EDGAR F-gases emissions by country, AR5 CO2 equivalent (HFC, PFC, SF6 and NF3). https://jeodpp.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ftp/jrc-opendata/EDGAR/datasets/EDGAR_2026_GHG/. Retrieved 2026-10-12. © European Union, licensed under CC BY 4.0.
  5. Andrew, R. M. and Peters, G. P., The Global Carbon Project's fossil CO2 emissions dataset, Global Carbon Budget (Friedlingstein et al.). Global Carbon Project fossil CO2 emissions dataset: total fossil CO2 emissions, million tonnes of CO2. https://zenodo.org/records/17417124. Retrieved 2026-10-12. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.
  6. Andrew, R. M. and Peters, G. P., The Global Carbon Project's fossil CO2 emissions dataset, Global Carbon Budget (Friedlingstein et al.). Global Carbon Project fossil CO2 emissions dataset: fossil CO2 emissions per person, tonnes of CO2. https://zenodo.org/records/17417124. Retrieved 2026-10-12. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.

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