EU countries by natural population change

France had the highest natural population change of 27 EU countries in 2023, at 38,907. Germany had the lowest, at -335,217. The median was -13,541 and the figure for the European Union (27) was -1.19 million. Source: Eurostat, European Commission.

Highest38,907France

Lowest-335,217Germany

Median-13,54127 EU countries

European Union (27)-1,186,538History

All EU countries, 2023

persons. Source: Eurostat, Population change, natural change of population (demo_gind). Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Full ranking

Rank	EU countries	2023 persons	Change on 2022
1	France	38,907	-24.1%
2	Ireland	19,482	+0.4%
3	Sweden	5,666	-43.3%
4	Cyprus	3,499	+20.6%
5	Luxembourg	1,889	-7.7%
6	Malta	432	+446.8%
7	Belgium	-526	+77.4%
8	Denmark	-915	+9%
9	Slovenia	-4,551	+6.5%
10	Netherlands	-5,034	-93%
11	Estonia	-5,053	+10.9%
12	Slovakia	-5,506	+20.4%
13	Austria	-12,155	-13.5%
14	Latvia	-13,541	+8.4%
15	Lithuania	-16,382	+21.3%
16	Finland	-17,956	+1.7%
17	Croatia	-19,105	+17.3%
18	Czechia	-21,646	-14.4%
19	Portugal	-32,645	+19.8%
20	Hungary	-41,168	+12.7%
21	Bulgaria	-43,809	+29.6%
22	Greece	-55,920	+12.6%
23	Romania	-83,983	+7.2%
24	Spain	-113,590	+14.8%
25	Poland	-136,585	+4.7%
26	Italy	-291,175	+9.5%
27	Germany	-335,217	-2.3%

Other periods

About this ranking

Live births minus deaths during the year. A negative value means more deaths than births (Eurostat).

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the EU countries are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

Eurostat. Population change, natural change of population (demo_gind). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/demo_gind/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Citation styles

The publisher is the author. Invokely is named only as the place the figures were read, where a style asks for it.

APA 7

Eurostat, European Commission. (2026). Population change, natural change of population (demo_gind) (EU countries by natural population change, 2023) [Data set]. Retrieved October 12, 2026, from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/demo_gind/default/table

MLA 9

Population change, natural change of population (demo_gind), EU countries by natural population change, 2023. Eurostat, European Commission, 30 Sept. 2026, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/demo_gind/default/table. Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/natural-population-change/eu-countries?period=2023. Accessed 12 Oct. 2026.

Chicago (author-date)

Eurostat, European Commission. 2026. Population change, natural change of population (demo_gind). EU countries by natural population change, 2023. Dataset. Accessed October 12, 2026. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/demo_gind/default/table. Also distributed by Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/natural-population-change/eu-countries?period=2023.

Harvard

Eurostat, European Commission (2026) Population change, natural change of population (demo_gind), EU countries by natural population change, 2023 [Dataset]. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/demo_gind/default/table, via Invokely: https://invokely.ai/rankings/natural-population-change/eu-countries?period=2023 (Accessed: 12 October 2026).

BibTeX

@misc{eurostat_eu_countries_by_natural_2023,
  author = {{Eurostat, European Commission}},
  title = {{Population change, natural change of population (demo\_gind): EU countries by natural population change, 2023}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {Data set},
  url = {https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/demo_gind/default/table},
  urldate = {2026-10-12},
  note = {Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/natural-population-change/eu-countries?period=2023. Publisher attribution: Eurostat. Population change, natural change of population (demo\_gind). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/demo\_gind/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-12.},
}

RIS

TY  - DATA
AU  - Eurostat, European Commission
TI  - Population change, natural change of population (demo_gind): EU countries by natural population change, 2023
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/09/30
PB  - Eurostat, European Commission
DB  - Invokely
UR  - https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/demo_gind/default/table
L2  - https://invokely.ai/rankings/natural-population-change/eu-countries?period=2023
Y2  - 2026/10/12
N1  - Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/natural-population-change/eu-countries?period=2023.
N1  - Publisher attribution: Eurostat. Population change, natural change of population (demo_gind). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/demo_gind/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
ER  -

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Questions

Which EU country has the highest natural population change?

France, with 38,907 in 2023, according to Eurostat, European Commission.

Which EU country has the lowest natural population change?

Germany, with -335,217 in 2023.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: Eurostat, European Commission, Population change, natural change of population (demo_gind). Retrieved 2026-10-12.