EU countries by natural population change

France had the highest natural population change of 27 EU countries in 2021, at 80,823. Italy had the lowest, at -301,097. The median was -16,896 and the figure for the European Union (27) was -1.21 million. Source: Eurostat, European Commission.

Highest80,823France

Lowest-301,097Italy

Median-16,89627 EU countries

European Union (27)-1,208,839History

All EU countries, 2021

persons. Source: Eurostat, Population change, natural change of population (demo_gind). Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Full ranking

Rank	EU countries	2021 persons	Change on 2020
1	France	80,823	+21.2%
2	Ireland	26,261	+11.4%
3	Sweden	22,305	+49.2%
4	Netherlands	8,469	+282,200%
5	Denmark	6,321	+0.5%
6	Belgium	6,018	+148%
7	Cyprus	3,107	-11.4%
8	Luxembourg	2,201	+19%
9	Malta	232	-28.2%
10	Slovenia	-4,277	+18.5%
11	Estonia	-5,315	-104.3%
12	Austria	-5,884	+26.4%
13	Finland	-8,065	+10.6%
14	Slovakia	-16,896	-592.7%
15	Latvia	-17,180	-52%
16	Lithuania	-24,416	-22.1%
17	Croatia	-26,204	-23.7%
18	Czechia	-28,098	-47.2%
19	Portugal	-45,259	-16.4%
20	Greece	-58,577	-26.6%
21	Hungary	-62,128	-30.7%
22	Bulgaria	-90,317	-37.6%
23	Spain	-112,326	+26%
24	Romania	-142,336	-40.6%
25	Poland	-188,006	-54%
26	Germany	-228,195	-7.4%
27	Italy	-301,097	+10.2%

Other periods

About this ranking

Live births minus deaths during the year. A negative value means more deaths than births (Eurostat).

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the EU countries are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

Eurostat. Population change, natural change of population (demo_gind). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/demo_gind/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Citation styles

The publisher is the author. Invokely is named only as the place the figures were read, where a style asks for it.

APA 7

Eurostat, European Commission. (2026). Population change, natural change of population (demo_gind) (EU countries by natural population change, 2021) [Data set]. Retrieved October 12, 2026, from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/demo_gind/default/table

MLA 9

Population change, natural change of population (demo_gind), EU countries by natural population change, 2021. Eurostat, European Commission, 30 Sept. 2026, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/demo_gind/default/table. Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/natural-population-change/eu-countries?period=2021. Accessed 12 Oct. 2026.

Chicago (author-date)

Eurostat, European Commission. 2026. Population change, natural change of population (demo_gind). EU countries by natural population change, 2021. Dataset. Accessed October 12, 2026. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/demo_gind/default/table. Also distributed by Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/natural-population-change/eu-countries?period=2021.

Harvard

Eurostat, European Commission (2026) Population change, natural change of population (demo_gind), EU countries by natural population change, 2021 [Dataset]. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/demo_gind/default/table, via Invokely: https://invokely.ai/rankings/natural-population-change/eu-countries?period=2021 (Accessed: 12 October 2026).

BibTeX

@misc{eurostat_eu_countries_by_natural_2021,
  author = {{Eurostat, European Commission}},
  title = {{Population change, natural change of population (demo\_gind): EU countries by natural population change, 2021}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {Data set},
  url = {https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/demo_gind/default/table},
  urldate = {2026-10-12},
  note = {Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/natural-population-change/eu-countries?period=2021. Publisher attribution: Eurostat. Population change, natural change of population (demo\_gind). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/demo\_gind/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-12.},
}

RIS

TY  - DATA
AU  - Eurostat, European Commission
TI  - Population change, natural change of population (demo_gind): EU countries by natural population change, 2021
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/09/30
PB  - Eurostat, European Commission
DB  - Invokely
UR  - https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/demo_gind/default/table
L2  - https://invokely.ai/rankings/natural-population-change/eu-countries?period=2021
Y2  - 2026/10/12
N1  - Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/natural-population-change/eu-countries?period=2021.
N1  - Publisher attribution: Eurostat. Population change, natural change of population (demo_gind). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/demo_gind/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
ER  -

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Questions

Which EU country has the highest natural population change?

France, with 80,823 in 2021, according to Eurostat, European Commission.

Which EU country has the lowest natural population change?

Italy, with -301,097 in 2021.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: Eurostat, European Commission, Population change, natural change of population (demo_gind). Retrieved 2026-10-12.