Data / Germany / Profile

Germany in figures

A profile of Germany from official statistics: 42 figures in 9 sections, each with its period, its change from a year earlier, its rank among similar places where a ranking exists, and its source.

Figures last updated on 2026-10-12.

People

Population in Germany was 83.58 million in 2025, up 0.1% from 2024, and the highest of 27 EU countries.

Population83.58 million2025Up 0.1% from 2024The highest of 27 EU countries
Population growth rate0.13%2023Up 0.15 percentage points from 2022The 9th lowest of 27 EU countries
Median age45.5 years2025Unchanged from 2024Tied for the 6th highest of 27 EU countries
Population aged 65 and over22.7%2025Up 0.3 percentage points from 2024
Foreign-born population share20.5%2025, estimatedUp 0.3 percentage points from 2024
Population density236.4 inhabitants per km²2024Up 0.3% from 2023 (the 2023 figure is series break)
80M81M82M83M84M20002004200820122017202120252000: 82,163,475 persons2001: 82,259,540 persons2002: 82,440,309 persons2003: 82,536,680 persons2004: 82,531,671 persons2005: 82,500,849 persons2006: 82,437,995 persons2007: 82,314,906 persons2008: 82,217,837 persons2009: 82,002,356 persons2010: 81,802,257 persons2011: 80,222,065 persons2012: 80,327,900 persons2014: 80,767,463 persons2015: 81,197,537 persons2016: 82,175,684 persons2017: 82,521,653 persons2018: 82,792,351 persons2019: 83,019,213 persons2020: 83,166,711 persons2021: 83,155,031 persons2022: 83,237,124 persons2023: 83,118,501 persons2024: 83,456,045 persons2025: 83,577,140 persons
Population, 2000 to 2025. persons. Source: Eurostat, European Commission, Population on 1 January by NUTS 3 region (demo_r_pjanaggr3).

Sources: Eurostat, European Commission, Population on 1 January by NUTS 3 region (demo_r_pjanaggr3); World Bank, Population growth, annual % (SP.POP.GROW); Eurostat, European Commission, Population structure indicators by NUTS 3 region (demo_r_pjanind3); Invokely, Foreign-born population share (Eurostat migr_pop4ctb); Eurostat, European Commission, Population density by NUTS 3 region (demo_r_d3dens). Population and demography statistics and rankings

Work and income

Unemployment rate in Germany was 3.8% in 2025, up 0.3 percentage points from 2024, and the 5th lowest of 27 EU countries.

Unemployment rate3.8%2025Up 0.3 percentage points from 2024The 5th lowest of 27 EU countries
Household disposable income per inhabitant€28,2002023, provisionalUp 5.2% from 2022The 3rd highest of 27 EU countries
Average full-time adjusted annual salary€53,7912024Up 5.5% from 2023The 6th highest of 26 EU countries
Employment rate81.1%2025Unchanged from 2024
At-risk-of-poverty rate16.1%2025Up 0.6 percentage points from 2024
Activity rate80.3%2025Up 0.2 percentage points from 2024
23456782009201220152018202120252009: 7.3 %2010: 6.6 %2011: 5.5 %2012: 5.1 %2013: 4.9 %2014: 4.7 %2015: 4.4 %2016: 3.9 %2017: 3.5 %2018: 3.2 %2019: 2.9 %2020: 3.6 %2021: 3.6 %2022: 3.1 %2023: 3.1 %2024: 3.5 %2025: 3.8 %
Unemployment rate, 2009 to 2025. %. Source: Eurostat, European Commission, Unemployment by sex and age, annual data (une_rt_a).

Sources: Eurostat, European Commission, Unemployment by sex and age, annual data (une_rt_a); Eurostat, European Commission, Income of households by NUTS 2 region, net disposable income, EUR per inhabitant (nama_10r_2hhinc); Eurostat, European Commission, Average full time adjusted salary per employee, euro (nama_10_fte); Eurostat, European Commission, Employment and activity by sex and age, annual data, employment rate 20 to 64 (lfsi_emp_a); Eurostat, European Commission, At-risk-of-poverty rate (ilc_li02); Eurostat, European Commission, Employment and activity by sex and age, annual data, activity rate 15 to 64 (lfsi_emp_a). Labor market statistics and rankings

Economy

GDP (US dollars) in Germany was $5.05 trillion in 2025, up 7.8% from 2024, and the highest of 27 EU countries.

Gross domestic product (GDP), US dollars$5.05 trillion2025Up 7.8% from 2024The highest of 27 EU countries
GDP per capita, US dollars$60,4962025Up 7.8% from 2024The 8th highest of 27 EU countries
Real GDP growth0.2%2025, provisionalUp 0.2 percentage points from 2024The lowest of 27 EU countries
GDP per capita, PPP (international dollars)75,407 international $2025Up 2% from 2024
General government gross debt, national accounts62.8% of GDP2025Down 0.1 percentage points from 2024
Trade as a share of GDP78.5%2025Down 0.6 percentage points from 2024
1M2M3M4M5M6M20012005200920132017202120252001: 1,966,381.5 USD million2002: 2,102,350.8 USD million2003: 2,534,715.5 USD million2004: 2,852,317.8 USD million2005: 2,893,393.2 USD million2006: 3,046,308.8 USD million2007: 3,484,056.7 USD million2008: 3,808,197.7 USD million2009: 3,478,545.5 USD million2010: 3,467,093.8 USD million2011: 3,823,575.8 USD million2012: 3,596,483.2 USD million2013: 3,807,023.8 USD million2014: 3,964,870.7 USD million2015: 3,425,099.6 USD million2016: 3,536,787.9 USD million2017: 3,765,351.6 USD million2018: 4,055,433.2 USD million2019: 3,959,894.8 USD million2020: 3,941,399 USD million2021: 4,355,252 USD million2022: 4,201,021.7 USD million2023: 4,562,207.5 USD million2024: 4,685,592.6 USD million2025: 5,050,922.9 USD million
Gross domestic product (GDP), US dollars, 2001 to 2025. USD million. Source: World Bank, GDP, current US$ (NY.GDP.MKTP.CD).

Sources: World Bank, GDP, current US$ (NY.GDP.MKTP.CD); World Bank, GDP per capita, current US$ (NY.GDP.PCAP.CD); Eurostat, European Commission, GDP and main components, chain-linked volumes, percentage change (nama_10_gdp); World Bank, GDP per capita, PPP (current international $) (NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD); Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, OECD National Accounts at a Glance: gross debt of general government, percentage of GDP (DSD_NAAG_VI@DF_NAAG_VI, LES13_FD4); World Bank, Trade, % of GDP (NE.TRD.GNFS.ZS). Economy statistics and rankings

Prices and housing

HICP inflation rate in Germany was 3.3% (estimated) in September 2026, up 0.9 percentage points from September 2025, and tied for the 10th lowest of 27 EU countries in August 2026.

HICP inflation (annual rate)3.3%September 2026, estimatedUp 0.9 percentage points from September 2025Tied for the 10th lowest of 27 EU countries in August 2026
House prices, annual change0.6%Q2 2026, provisionalDown 2.7 percentage points from Q2 2025The 4th lowest of 26 EU countries
Population living in owner-occupied homes47.2%2025Unchanged from 2024The lowest of 27 EU countries
0246810122021-092022-062023-032023-122024-092025-062026-092021-09: 4.1 %2021-10: 4.6 %2021-11: 6 %2021-12: 5.7 %2022-01: 5.1 %2022-02: 5.5 %2022-03: 7.6 %2022-04: 7.8 %2022-05: 8.7 %2022-06: 8.2 %2022-07: 8.5 %2022-08: 8.8 %2022-09: 10.9 %2022-10: 11.6 %2022-11: 11.3 %2022-12: 9.6 %2023-01: 9.2 %2023-02: 9.3 %2023-03: 7.8 %2023-04: 7.6 %2023-05: 6.3 %2023-06: 6.8 %2023-07: 6.5 %2023-08: 6.4 %2023-09: 4.3 %2023-10: 3 %2023-11: 2.3 %2023-12: 3.8 %2024-01: 3.1 %2024-02: 2.7 %2024-03: 2.3 %2024-04: 2.4 %2024-05: 2.8 %2024-06: 2.5 %2024-07: 2.6 %2024-08: 2 %2024-09: 1.8 %2024-10: 2.4 %2024-11: 2.4 %2024-12: 2.8 %2025-01: 2.8 %2025-02: 2.6 %2025-03: 2.3 %2025-04: 2.2 %2025-05: 2.1 %2025-06: 2 %2025-07: 1.8 %2025-08: 2.1 %2025-09: 2.4 %2025-10: 2.3 %2025-11: 2.6 %2025-12: 2 %2026-01: 2.1 %2026-02: 2 %2026-03: 2.8 %2026-04: 2.9 %2026-05: 2.7 %2026-06: 2.4 %2026-07: 2.8 %2026-08: 2.9 %2026-09: 3.3 %
HICP inflation (annual rate), September 2021 to September 2026. %. Source: Eurostat, European Commission, HICP, monthly data, annual rate of change (prc_hicp_minr).

Sources: Eurostat, European Commission, HICP, monthly data, annual rate of change (prc_hicp_minr); Eurostat, European Commission, House price index, quarterly, annual rate of change (prc_hpi_q); Eurostat, European Commission, Distribution of population by tenure status, owner, all households and incomes (ilc_lvho02). Housing statistics and rankings

Consumers

Consumer confidence indicator in Germany was -14.5 balance, percentage points in September 2026, down 5.3 percentage points from September 2025, and the 13th highest of 25 EU countries.

Consumer confidence indicator-14.5 balance, percentage pointsSeptember 2026Down 5.3 percentage points from September 2025The 13th highest of 25 EU countries
Price level index for household consumption (EU27 = 100)108.32025Down 0.5 points from 2024The 10th highest of 27 EU countries
Severe material and social deprivation rate5.6%2025Down 0.6 percentage points from 2024The 8th highest of 27 EU countries
People who bought online in the last 12 months81.4%2025Up 3.5 percentage points from 2024
People unable to face unexpected expenses31.9%2025Down 0.3 percentage points from 2024
-30-20-1002021-092022-062023-032023-122024-092025-062026-092021-09: -0.8 balance, percentage points2021-10: -2.6 balance, percentage points2021-11: -4.4 balance, percentage points2021-12: -6.4 balance, percentage points2022-01: -4.9 balance, percentage points2022-02: -6.3 balance, percentage points2022-03: -15.4 balance, percentage points2022-04: -18.6 balance, percentage points2022-05: -18.8 balance, percentage points2022-06: -20.4 balance, percentage points2022-07: -24.6 balance, percentage points2022-08: -23.5 balance, percentage points2022-09: -28 balance, percentage points2022-10: -26.6 balance, percentage points2022-11: -24.3 balance, percentage points2022-12: -22 balance, percentage points2023-01: -19.9 balance, percentage points2023-02: -16.8 balance, percentage points2023-03: -17.8 balance, percentage points2023-04: -14.4 balance, percentage points2023-05: -14 balance, percentage points2023-06: -14.2 balance, percentage points2023-07: -14 balance, percentage points2023-08: -14.8 balance, percentage points2023-09: -15.3 balance, percentage points2023-10: -15.2 balance, percentage points2023-11: -16.3 balance, percentage points2023-12: -13.8 balance, percentage points2024-01: -16.5 balance, percentage points2024-02: -13.7 balance, percentage points2024-03: -13.1 balance, percentage points2024-04: -10.3 balance, percentage points2024-05: -10.5 balance, percentage points2024-06: -10.4 balance, percentage points2024-07: -8.5 balance, percentage points2024-08: -10 balance, percentage points2024-09: -10.8 balance, percentage points2024-10: -8.9 balance, percentage points2024-11: -10.7 balance, percentage points2024-12: -10.2 balance, percentage points2025-01: -11.3 balance, percentage points2025-02: -11.2 balance, percentage points2025-03: -10.3 balance, percentage points2025-04: -10.5 balance, percentage points2025-05: -9.1 balance, percentage points2025-06: -9.8 balance, percentage points2025-07: -8.9 balance, percentage points2025-08: -10.5 balance, percentage points2025-09: -9.2 balance, percentage points2025-10: -10.8 balance, percentage points2025-11: -11.5 balance, percentage points2025-12: -12 balance, percentage points2026-01: -9.9 balance, percentage points2026-02: -11 balance, percentage points2026-03: -13.5 balance, percentage points2026-04: -17.5 balance, percentage points2026-05: -15.9 balance, percentage points2026-06: -14.5 balance, percentage points2026-07: -13.7 balance, percentage points2026-08: -12.7 balance, percentage points2026-09: -14.5 balance, percentage points
Consumer confidence indicator, September 2021 to September 2026. balance, percentage points. Source: Eurostat, European Commission, European Commission (DG ECFIN) business and consumer surveys: consumer confidence indicator, balance in percentage points, seasonally adjusted (ei_bsco_m, BS-CSMCI).

Sources: Eurostat, European Commission, European Commission (DG ECFIN) business and consumer surveys: consumer confidence indicator, balance in percentage points, seasonally adjusted (ei_bsco_m, BS-CSMCI); Eurostat, European Commission, Purchasing power parities, price level indices (EU27_2020 = 100), household final consumption expenditure (prc_ppp_ind_1, COICOP 2018 E011); Eurostat, European Commission, Severe material and social deprivation rate, total population (ilc_mdsd11); Eurostat, European Commission, Internet purchases by individuals, last online purchase in the 12 months, all individuals (isoc_ec_ib20); Eurostat, European Commission, Inability to face unexpected financial expenses, total population, all household types and incomes (ilc_mdes04). Economy statistics and rankings

Business and tourism

Nights spent in tourist accommodation in Germany were 440.19 million in 2025, up 0.1% from 2024, and the 4th highest of 27 EU countries.

Nights spent in tourist accommodation440.19 million2025Up 0.1% from 2024The 4th highest of 27 EU countries
Enterprises using artificial intelligence26%2025Up 6.2 percentage points from 2024The 8th highest of 27 EU countries
250M300M350M400M450M20002005200920132017202120252000: 298,488,223 count2002: 291,485,519 count2003: 292,965,191 count2004: 338,768,840 count2005: 343,981,015 count2006: 351,223,970 count2007: 317,305,835 count2008: 323,876,009 count2009: 314,118,544 count2010: 325,439,525 count2011: 339,021,466 count2012: 350,349,425 count2013: 354,871,005 count2014: 366,527,398 count2015: 378,048,084 count2016: 388,851,871 count2017: 401,163,218 count2018: 419,556,284 count2019: 436,954,848 count2020: 260,757,872 count2021: 266,102,654 count2022: 400,409,055 count2023: 431,439,035 count2024: 439,619,668 count2025: 440,187,561 count
Nights spent in tourist accommodation, 2000 to 2025. count. Source: Eurostat, European Commission, Nights spent at tourist accommodation establishments by NUTS 2 and 3 region (tour_occ_nin2).

Sources: Eurostat, European Commission, Nights spent at tourist accommodation establishments by NUTS 2 and 3 region (tour_occ_nin2); Eurostat, European Commission, Artificial intelligence by size class of enterprise, enterprises using at least one AI technology (isoc_eb_ai). Companies statistics and rankings

Health

Life expectancy in Germany was 81.2 years in 2024, up 0.3 years from 2023 (the 2023 figure is series break), and the 11th lowest of 27 EU countries.

Life expectancy at birth81.2 years2024Up 0.3 years from 2023 (the 2023 figure is series break)The 11th lowest of 27 EU countries
Infant mortality rate3.3 per 1,000 live births2024Up 0.1 per 1,000 live births from 2023Tied for the 12th highest of 27 EU countries
Adult obesity rate, age-standardized20.6%2024Up less than 0.1 percentage points from 2023The 13th lowest of 27 EU countries
Tobacco use, age-standardized22.4%2023Down 0.4 percentage points from 2022
Age-standardised death rate, all causes1,041 per 100,000 people2023Down 43.6 per 100,000 people from 2022
Health spending, share of GDP12.7% of GDP2025, provisionalUp 0.5 percentage points from 2024
787980818220002004200820122016202020242000: 78.3 years2001: 78.6 years2002: 78.6 years2003: 78.6 years2004: 79.3 years2005: 79.4 years2006: 79.9 years2007: 80.1 years2008: 80.2 years2009: 80.3 years2010: 80.5 years2011: 80.6 years2012: 80.7 years2013: 80.6 years2014: 80.9 years2015: 80.6 years2016: 80.9 years2017: 81 years2018: 80.9 years2019: 81.2 years2020: 81 years2021: 80.7 years2022: 80.5 years2023: 80.9 years2024: 81.2 years
Life expectancy at birth, 2000 to 2024. years. Source: Eurostat, European Commission, Life expectancy by age and sex (demo_mlexpec).

Sources: Eurostat, European Commission, Life expectancy by age and sex (demo_mlexpec); Eurostat, European Commission, Infant mortality rates (demo_minfind); World Health Organization, Age-standardized prevalence of obesity among adults (18+ years), both sexes (NCD_BMI_30A); World Health Organization, Age-standardized prevalence of tobacco use among persons 15 years and older (%), both sexes (M_Est_tob_curr_std); Eurostat, European Commission, Causes of death, standardised death rate by NUTS 2 region of residence, [object Object], ICD-10 TOTAL (hlth_cd_asdr2); Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, OECD Health expenditure and financing: current expenditure on health, all financing schemes, share of GDP (DSD_SHA@DF_SHA). Health statistics and rankings

Digital

Share of people using the internet in Germany was 94.6% in 2025, up 1.1 percentage points from 2024, and the 13th highest of 27 EU countries.

Internet use in the last 3 months94.6%2025Up 1.1 percentage points from 2024The 13th highest of 27 EU countries
People using generative AI32.3%2025No 2024 figure to compareThe 8th lowest of 27 EU countries
Enterprises buying cloud computing services53.9%2025No 2024 figure to compareThe 13th highest of 27 EU countries
ICT specialists in employment5.5%2025Up 0.4 percentage points from 2024
E-commerce share of enterprise turnover19.05%2025Down 1.62 percentage points from 2024
40506070809010020022006201020142018202220252002: 48.8 %2003: 53.7 %2004: 61.1 %2005: 64.9 %2006: 69.3 %2007: 72.4 %2008: 75.3 %2009: 77.2 %2010: 80 %2011: 81.3 %2012: 82.4 %2013: 84.2 %2014: 86.2 %2015: 87.6 %2016: 89.7 %2017: 90.3 %2018: 92.4 %2019: 93 %2020: 94.3 %2021: 91.4 %2022: 91.6 %2023: 92.5 %2024: 93.5 %2025: 94.6 %
Internet use in the last 3 months, 2002 to 2025. %. Source: Eurostat, European Commission, Individuals, internet use in the last 3 months (isoc_ci_ifp_iu).

Sources: Eurostat, European Commission, Individuals, internet use in the last 3 months (isoc_ci_ifp_iu); Eurostat, European Commission, Individuals, use of generative AI tools in the last 3 months (isoc_ai_iaiu); Eurostat, European Commission, Cloud computing services by size class of enterprise, enterprises buying cloud services (isoc_cicce_use); Eurostat, European Commission, Employed ICT specialists, percentage of total employment (isoc_sks_itspt); Eurostat, European Commission, E-commerce sales as a percentage of total enterprise turnover, survey year (isoc_ec_evaln2). AI and digital economy statistics and rankings

Energy and environment

Greenhouse gas emissions per person in Germany were 7.79 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person in 2024, down 3.4% from 2023, and the 8th highest of 27 EU countries.

Greenhouse gas emissions per person7.79 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person2024Down 3.4% from 2023The 8th highest of 27 EU countries
Renewable energy share of energy consumption23.9%2025, provisionalUp 1.4 percentage points from 2024Tied for the 13th lowest of 27 EU countries
Municipal waste recycling rate66.9%2024, estimatedDown 1.8 percentage points from 2023The highest of 27 EU countries in 2023
6810121420002004200820122017202120242000: 12.69 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person2001: 12.85 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person2002: 12.57 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person2003: 12.49 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person2004: 12.25 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person2005: 11.99 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person2006: 12.15 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person2007: 11.71 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person2008: 11.74 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person2009: 10.99 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person2010: 11.41 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person2011: 11.31 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person2012: 11.42 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person2014: 11.08 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person2015: 11.07 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person2016: 10.94 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person2017: 10.74 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person2018: 10.27 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person2019: 9.61 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person2020: 8.79 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person2021: 9.17 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person2022: 9 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person2023: 8.06 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person2024: 7.79 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person
Greenhouse gas emissions per person, 2000 to 2024. tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person. Source: Invokely, Greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF (EEA via Eurostat env_air_gge) divided by population on 1 January (Eurostat demo_r_pjanaggr3).

Sources: Invokely, Greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF (EEA via Eurostat env_air_gge) divided by population on 1 January (Eurostat demo_r_pjanaggr3); Eurostat, European Commission, Renewable energy share, overall (nrg_ind_ren); Eurostat, European Commission, Recycling rate of municipal waste (cei_wm011). Environment and emissions statistics and rankings

Sources and citations

Each figure comes from the table cited here. Cite the publisher; these citations include any notice the publisher requires.

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  26. Eurostat. Nights spent at tourist accommodation establishments by NUTS 2 and 3 region (tour_occ_nin2). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tour_occ_nin2/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-07.
  27. Eurostat. Artificial intelligence by size class of enterprise, enterprises using at least one AI technology (isoc_eb_ai). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/isoc_eb_ai/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-09.
  28. Eurostat. Life expectancy by age and sex (demo_mlexpec). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/demo_mlexpec/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-07.
  29. Eurostat. Infant mortality rates (demo_minfind). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/demo_minfind/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
  30. World Health Organization, data.who.int. Age-standardized prevalence of obesity among adults (18+ years), both sexes (NCD_BMI_30A) [Indicator]. https://data.who.int/indicators/i/C6262EC/BEFA58B (Accessed on 2026-10-12). Licensed under CC BY 4.0. No changes made to source values. WHO does not endorse Invokely or this use of the data.
  31. World Health Organization, data.who.int. Age-standardized prevalence of tobacco use among persons 15 years and older (%), both sexes (M_Est_tob_curr_std) [Indicator]. https://data.who.int/indicators/i/847662C/75DDA77 (Accessed on 2026-10-12). Licensed under CC BY 4.0. No changes made to source values. WHO does not endorse Invokely or this use of the data.
  32. Eurostat. Causes of death, standardised death rate by NUTS 2 region of residence, [object Object], ICD-10 TOTAL (hlth_cd_asdr2). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/hlth_cd_asdr2/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
  33. OECD. OECD Health expenditure and financing: current expenditure on health, all financing schemes, share of GDP (DSD_SHA@DF_SHA). https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?df[ds]=dsDisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_SHA%40DF_SHA&df[ag]=OECD.ELS.HD. Accessed 2026-10-12. Data reuse terms and downstream attribution: https://www.oecd.org/en/about/terms-conditions.html
  34. Eurostat. Individuals, internet use in the last 3 months (isoc_ci_ifp_iu). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/isoc_ci_ifp_iu/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-09.
  35. Eurostat. Individuals, use of generative AI tools in the last 3 months (isoc_ai_iaiu). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/isoc_ai_iaiu/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-09.
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  39. Invokely calculation from Greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF (EEA via Eurostat env_air_gge) divided by population on 1 January (Eurostat demo_r_pjanaggr3). https://invokely.ai/docs/methodology#ghg_emissions_per_capita. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
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  41. Eurostat. Recycling rate of municipal waste (cei_wm011). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/cei_wm011/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

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All statistics for Germany