Data / Rankings / Severe material and social deprivation rate / EU countries

EU countries by severe material and social deprivation rate, 2025

Romania had the highest severe material and social deprivation rate of 27 EU countries in 2025, at 16.8%. Slovenia had the lowest, at 1.9%. The median was 4.5% and the figure for the European Union (27) was 6.3%. Source: Eurostat, European Commission.

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Highest16.8Romania
Lowest1.9Slovenia
Median4.527 EU countries
European Union (27)6.3History

Map of EU countries, 2025

Austria: 2.9 %Belgium: 4.9 %Bulgaria: 15 %Cyprus: 2.2 %Czechia: 2.6 %Germany: 5.6 %Denmark: 4.5 %Estonia: 3.5 %Spain: 8.1 %Finland: 3.3 %France: 7 %Greece: 14.9 %Croatia: 2 %Hungary: 8.5 %Ireland: 5.2 %Italy: 5.2 %Lithuania: 5.5 %Luxembourg: 3.4 %Latvia: 4.8 %Malta: 4.1 %Netherlands: 2.6 %Poland: 2 %Portugal: 4.3 %Romania: 16.8 %Sweden: 3.9 %Slovenia: 1.9 %Slovakia: 7 %
  • Under 2.7
  • 2.7 to 4
  • 4 to 5.1
  • 5.1 to 7
  • 7 and over
%, 2025. Source: Eurostat, Severe material and social deprivation rate, total population (ilc_mdsd11). Boundaries: Natural Earth (public domain).

All EU countries, 2025

Romania: 16.8 %Romania16.8Bulgaria: 15 %Bulgaria15Greece: 14.9 %Greece14.9Hungary: 8.5 %Hungary8.5Spain: 8.1 %Spain8.1France: 7 %France7Slovakia: 7 %Slovakia7Germany: 5.6 %Germany5.6Lithuania: 5.5 %Lithuania5.5Ireland: 5.2 %Ireland5.2Italy: 5.2 %Italy5.2Belgium: 4.9 %Belgium4.9Latvia: 4.8 %Latvia4.8Denmark: 4.5 %Denmark4.5Portugal: 4.3 %Portugal4.3Malta: 4.1 %Malta4.1Sweden: 3.9 %Sweden3.9Estonia: 3.5 %Estonia3.5Luxembourg: 3.4 %Luxembourg3.4Finland: 3.3 %Finland3.3Austria: 2.9 %Austria2.9Czechia: 2.6 %Czechia2.6Netherlands: 2.6 %Netherlands2.6Cyprus: 2.2 %Cyprus2.2Croatia: 2 %Croatia2Poland: 2 %Poland2Slovenia: 1.9 %Slovenia1.9Romania: 16.8 %Romania16.8Bulgaria: 15 %Bulgaria15Greece: 14.9 %Greece14.9Hungary: 8.5 %Hungary8.5Spain: 8.1 %Spain8.1France: 7 %France7Slovakia: 7 %Slovakia7Germany: 5.6 %Germany5.6Lithuania: 5.5 %Lithuania5.5Ireland: 5.2 %Ireland5.2Italy: 5.2 %Italy5.2Belgium: 4.9 %Belgium4.9Latvia: 4.8 %Latvia4.8Denmark: 4.5 %Denmark4.5Portugal: 4.3 %Portugal4.3Malta: 4.1 %Malta4.1Sweden: 3.9 %Sweden3.9Estonia: 3.5 %Estonia3.5Luxembourg: 3.4 %Luxembourg3.4Finland: 3.3 %Finland3.3Austria: 2.9 %Austria2.9Czechia: 2.6 %Czechia2.6Netherlands: 2.6 %Netherlands2.6Cyprus: 2.2 %Cyprus2.2Croatia: 2 %Croatia2Poland: 2 %Poland2Slovenia: 1.9 %Slovenia1.9
%. Source: Eurostat, Severe material and social deprivation rate, total population (ilc_mdsd11). Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Full ranking

RankEU countries2025 (%)Change on 2024
1Romania16.8-0.4 pts
2Bulgaria15-1.6 pts
3Greece14.9+0.9 pts
4Hungary8.5-0.8 pts
5Spain8.1-0.2 pts
6France7+0.4 pts
6Slovakia7-0.6 pts
8Germany5.6-0.6 pts
9Lithuania Provisional5.5-0.6 pts
10Ireland5.2+0.7 pts
10Italy5.2+0.6 pts
12Belgium4.9-1.3 pts
13Latvia4.8-0.5 pts
14Denmark4.5+0.5 pts
15Portugal4.30 pts
16Malta4.1-0.2 pts
17Sweden3.9+0.9 pts
18Estonia3.5+0.4 pts
19Luxembourg Series break3.4+1.1 pts
20Finland3.3-0.4 pts
21Austria2.9-0.8 pts
22Czechia2.60 pts
22Netherlands2.6-0.5 pts
24Cyprus2.2-0.3 pts
25Croatia20 pts
25Poland2-0.3 pts
27Slovenia1.9+0.1 pts

Other periods

About this ranking

Share of the population that cannot afford at least 7 of 13 deprivation items (EU-SILC).

More on how it is measured
  • The 13 items are 7 for the household (facing unexpected expenses, a one-week holiday away from home, avoiding arrears on rent, mortgage, utility bills or loans, a meal with meat, fish or a vegetarian equivalent every second day, keeping the home adequately warm, a car, replacing worn-out furniture) and 6 for the person (an internet connection, replacing worn-out clothes, two pairs of properly fitting shoes, spending a small amount of money each week on oneself, regular leisure activities, getting together with friends or family for a drink or meal at least once a month).

One of the three components of the EU at-risk-of-poverty-or-social-exclusion measure (Europe 2030 target), from 2015. It measures what people cannot afford, not income: at_risk_of_poverty_rate is the income measure. The broader rate (5 or more items) is material_social_deprivation_rate.

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the EU countries are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

Eurostat. Severe material and social deprivation rate, total population (ilc_mdsd11). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ilc_mdsd11/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Citation styles

The publisher is the author. Invokely is named only as the place the figures were read, where a style asks for it.

APA 7

Eurostat, European Commission. (2026). Severe material and social deprivation rate, total population (ilc_mdsd11) (EU countries by severe material and social deprivation rate, 2025) [Data set]. Retrieved October 12, 2026, from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ilc_mdsd11/default/table

MLA 9

Severe material and social deprivation rate, total population (ilc_mdsd11), EU countries by severe material and social deprivation rate, 2025. Eurostat, European Commission, 28 Sept. 2026, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ilc_mdsd11/default/table. Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/severe-material-social-deprivation/eu-countries. Accessed 12 Oct. 2026.

Chicago (author-date)

Eurostat, European Commission. 2026. Severe material and social deprivation rate, total population (ilc_mdsd11). EU countries by severe material and social deprivation rate, 2025. Dataset. Accessed October 12, 2026. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ilc_mdsd11/default/table. Also distributed by Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/severe-material-social-deprivation/eu-countries.

Harvard

Eurostat, European Commission (2026) Severe material and social deprivation rate, total population (ilc_mdsd11), EU countries by severe material and social deprivation rate, 2025 [Dataset]. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ilc_mdsd11/default/table, via Invokely: https://invokely.ai/rankings/severe-material-social-deprivation/eu-countries (Accessed: 12 October 2026).

BibTeX
@misc{eurostat_eu_countries_by_severe_2025,
  author = {{Eurostat, European Commission}},
  title = {{Severe material and social deprivation rate, total population (ilc\_mdsd11): EU countries by severe material and social deprivation rate, 2025}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {Data set},
  url = {https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ilc_mdsd11/default/table},
  urldate = {2026-10-12},
  note = {Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/severe-material-social-deprivation/eu-countries. Publisher attribution: Eurostat. Severe material and social deprivation rate, total population (ilc\_mdsd11). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ilc\_mdsd11/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-12.},
}
RIS
TY  - DATA
AU  - Eurostat, European Commission
TI  - Severe material and social deprivation rate, total population (ilc_mdsd11): EU countries by severe material and social deprivation rate, 2025
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/09/28
PB  - Eurostat, European Commission
DB  - Invokely
UR  - https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ilc_mdsd11/default/table
L2  - https://invokely.ai/rankings/severe-material-social-deprivation/eu-countries
Y2  - 2026/10/12
N1  - Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/severe-material-social-deprivation/eu-countries.
N1  - Publisher attribution: Eurostat. Severe material and social deprivation rate, total population (ilc_mdsd11). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ilc_mdsd11/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
ER  -
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Questions

Which EU country has the highest severe material and social deprivation rate?

Romania, with 16.8% in 2025, according to Eurostat, European Commission.

Which EU country has the lowest severe material and social deprivation rate?

Slovenia, with 1.9% in 2025.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: Eurostat, European Commission, Severe material and social deprivation rate, total population (ilc_mdsd11). Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Severe material and social deprivation rate: other rankings

EU countries: more rankings