Data / Rankings / Severe material and social deprivation rate / EU countries

EU countries by severe material and social deprivation rate

Romania had the highest severe material and social deprivation rate of 27 EU countries in 2021, at 23.1%. Finland had the lowest, at 1.1%. The median was 4.8% and the figure for the European Union (27) was 6.3%. Source: Eurostat, European Commission.

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Highest23.1Romania
Lowest1.1Finland
Median4.827 EU countries
European Union (27)6.3History

Map of EU countries, 2021

Austria: 1.8 %Belgium: 6.2 %Bulgaria: 19.1 %Cyprus: 2.4 %Czechia: 1.8 %Germany: 4.3 %Denmark: 3.1 %Estonia: 1.9 %Spain: 8.3 %Finland: 1.1 %France: 5.5 %Greece: 13.9 %Croatia: 3.5 %Hungary: 10.5 %Ireland: 4.8 %Italy: 5.9 %Lithuania: 6.4 %Luxembourg: 2.4 %Latvia: 5.3 %Malta: 5.4 %Netherlands: 2.1 %Poland: 2.9 %Portugal: 6 %Romania: 23.1 %Sweden: 1.4 %Slovenia: 1.8 %Slovakia: 5.7 %
  • Under 1.9
  • 1.9 to 3.3
  • 3.3 to 5.5
  • 5.5 to 6.4
  • 6.4 and over
%, 2021. Source: Eurostat, Severe material and social deprivation rate, total population (ilc_mdsd11). Boundaries: Natural Earth (public domain).

All EU countries, 2021

Romania: 23.1 %Romania23.1Bulgaria: 19.1 %Bulgaria19.1Greece: 13.9 %Greece13.9Hungary: 10.5 %Hungary10.5Spain: 8.3 %Spain8.3Lithuania: 6.4 %Lithuania6.4Belgium: 6.2 %Belgium6.2Portugal: 6 %Portugal6Italy: 5.9 %Italy5.9Slovakia: 5.7 %Slovakia5.7France: 5.5 %France5.5Malta: 5.4 %Malta5.4Latvia: 5.3 %Latvia5.3Ireland: 4.8 %Ireland4.8Germany: 4.3 %Germany4.3Croatia: 3.5 %Croatia3.5Denmark: 3.1 %Denmark3.1Poland: 2.9 %Poland2.9Cyprus: 2.4 %Cyprus2.4Luxembourg: 2.4 %Luxembourg2.4Netherlands: 2.1 %Netherlands2.1Estonia: 1.9 %Estonia1.9Austria: 1.8 %Austria1.8Czechia: 1.8 %Czechia1.8Slovenia: 1.8 %Slovenia1.8Sweden: 1.4 %Sweden1.4Finland: 1.1 %Finland1.1Romania: 23.1 %Romania23.1Bulgaria: 19.1 %Bulgaria19.1Greece: 13.9 %Greece13.9Hungary: 10.5 %Hungary10.5Spain: 8.3 %Spain8.3Lithuania: 6.4 %Lithuania6.4Belgium: 6.2 %Belgium6.2Portugal: 6 %Portugal6Italy: 5.9 %Italy5.9Slovakia: 5.7 %Slovakia5.7France: 5.5 %France5.5Malta: 5.4 %Malta5.4Latvia: 5.3 %Latvia5.3Ireland: 4.8 %Ireland4.8Germany: 4.3 %Germany4.3Croatia: 3.5 %Croatia3.5Denmark: 3.1 %Denmark3.1Poland: 2.9 %Poland2.9Cyprus: 2.4 %Cyprus2.4Luxembourg: 2.4 %Luxembourg2.4Netherlands: 2.1 %Netherlands2.1Estonia: 1.9 %Estonia1.9Austria: 1.8 %Austria1.8Czechia: 1.8 %Czechia1.8Slovenia: 1.8 %Slovenia1.8Sweden: 1.4 %Sweden1.4Finland: 1.1 %Finland1.1
%. Source: Eurostat, Severe material and social deprivation rate, total population (ilc_mdsd11). Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Full ranking

RankEU countries2021 (%)Change on 2020
1Romania23.1-2.2 pts
2Bulgaria19.1-3 pts
3Greece13.9-1 pts
4Hungary10.5-0.2 pts
5Spain8.3-0.2 pts
6Lithuania6.4-1.7 pts
7Belgium6.2-0.5 pts
8Portugal6+0.6 pts
9Italy5.9-0.3 pts
10Slovakia5.7+1.2 pts
11France5.5-0.9 pts
12Malta5.4+0.3 pts
13Latvia5.3-1.7 pts
14Ireland4.8-1.3 pts
15Germany4.3-0.1 pts
16Croatia3.5-0.9 pts
17Denmark3.1-0.4 pts
18Poland2.9+0.3 pts
19Cyprus2.4-0.9 pts
19Luxembourg Series break2.4+0.7 pts
21Netherlands2.1-0.1 pts
22Estonia1.9-0.4 pts
23Austria1.8-1.2 pts
23Czechia1.8-0.1 pts
23Slovenia1.8-0.8 pts
26Sweden1.4-0.6 pts
27Finland1.1-0.7 pts

Other periods

About this ranking

Share of the population that cannot afford at least 7 of 13 deprivation items (EU-SILC).

More on how it is measured
  • The 13 items are 7 for the household (facing unexpected expenses, a one-week holiday away from home, avoiding arrears on rent, mortgage, utility bills or loans, a meal with meat, fish or a vegetarian equivalent every second day, keeping the home adequately warm, a car, replacing worn-out furniture) and 6 for the person (an internet connection, replacing worn-out clothes, two pairs of properly fitting shoes, spending a small amount of money each week on oneself, regular leisure activities, getting together with friends or family for a drink or meal at least once a month).

One of the three components of the EU at-risk-of-poverty-or-social-exclusion measure (Europe 2030 target), from 2015. It measures what people cannot afford, not income: at_risk_of_poverty_rate is the income measure. The broader rate (5 or more items) is material_social_deprivation_rate.

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the EU countries are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

Eurostat. Severe material and social deprivation rate, total population (ilc_mdsd11). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ilc_mdsd11/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Citation styles

The publisher is the author. Invokely is named only as the place the figures were read, where a style asks for it.

APA 7

Eurostat, European Commission. (2026). Severe material and social deprivation rate, total population (ilc_mdsd11) (EU countries by severe material and social deprivation rate, 2021) [Data set]. Retrieved October 12, 2026, from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ilc_mdsd11/default/table

MLA 9

Severe material and social deprivation rate, total population (ilc_mdsd11), EU countries by severe material and social deprivation rate, 2021. Eurostat, European Commission, 28 Sept. 2026, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ilc_mdsd11/default/table. Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/severe-material-social-deprivation/eu-countries?period=2021. Accessed 12 Oct. 2026.

Chicago (author-date)

Eurostat, European Commission. 2026. Severe material and social deprivation rate, total population (ilc_mdsd11). EU countries by severe material and social deprivation rate, 2021. Dataset. Accessed October 12, 2026. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ilc_mdsd11/default/table. Also distributed by Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/severe-material-social-deprivation/eu-countries?period=2021.

Harvard

Eurostat, European Commission (2026) Severe material and social deprivation rate, total population (ilc_mdsd11), EU countries by severe material and social deprivation rate, 2021 [Dataset]. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ilc_mdsd11/default/table, via Invokely: https://invokely.ai/rankings/severe-material-social-deprivation/eu-countries?period=2021 (Accessed: 12 October 2026).

BibTeX
@misc{eurostat_eu_countries_by_severe_2021,
  author = {{Eurostat, European Commission}},
  title = {{Severe material and social deprivation rate, total population (ilc\_mdsd11): EU countries by severe material and social deprivation rate, 2021}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {Data set},
  url = {https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ilc_mdsd11/default/table},
  urldate = {2026-10-12},
  note = {Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/severe-material-social-deprivation/eu-countries?period=2021. Publisher attribution: Eurostat. Severe material and social deprivation rate, total population (ilc\_mdsd11). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ilc\_mdsd11/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-12.},
}
RIS
TY  - DATA
AU  - Eurostat, European Commission
TI  - Severe material and social deprivation rate, total population (ilc_mdsd11): EU countries by severe material and social deprivation rate, 2021
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/09/28
PB  - Eurostat, European Commission
DB  - Invokely
UR  - https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ilc_mdsd11/default/table
L2  - https://invokely.ai/rankings/severe-material-social-deprivation/eu-countries?period=2021
Y2  - 2026/10/12
N1  - Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/severe-material-social-deprivation/eu-countries?period=2021.
N1  - Publisher attribution: Eurostat. Severe material and social deprivation rate, total population (ilc_mdsd11). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ilc_mdsd11/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
ER  -
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Questions

Which EU country has the highest severe material and social deprivation rate?

Romania, with 23.1% in 2021, according to Eurostat, European Commission.

Which EU country has the lowest severe material and social deprivation rate?

Finland, with 1.1% in 2021.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: Eurostat, European Commission, Severe material and social deprivation rate, total population (ilc_mdsd11). Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Severe material and social deprivation rate: other rankings

EU countries: more rankings