Data / Rankings / Severe material and social deprivation rate / EU countries

EU countries by severe material and social deprivation rate

Romania had the highest severe material and social deprivation rate of 27 EU countries in 2020, at 25.3%. Luxembourg had the lowest, at 1.7%. The median was 4.5% and the figure for the European Union (27) was 6.7%. Source: Eurostat, European Commission.

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Highest25.3Romania
Lowest1.7Luxembourg
Median4.527 EU countries
European Union (27)6.7History

Map of EU countries, 2020

Austria: 3 %Belgium: 6.7 %Bulgaria: 22.1 %Cyprus: 3.3 %Czechia: 1.9 %Germany: 4.4 %Denmark: 3.5 %Estonia: 2.3 %Spain: 8.5 %Finland: 1.8 %France: 6.4 %Greece: 14.9 %Croatia: 4.4 %Hungary: 10.7 %Ireland: 6.1 %Italy: 6.2 %Lithuania: 8.1 %Luxembourg: 1.7 %Latvia: 7 %Malta: 5.1 %Netherlands: 2.2 %Poland: 2.6 %Portugal: 5.4 %Romania: 25.3 %Sweden: 2 %Slovenia: 2.6 %Slovakia: 4.5 %
  • Under 2.4
  • 2.4 to 3.9
  • 3.9 to 5.8
  • 5.8 to 7.9
  • 7.9 and over
%, 2020. Source: Eurostat, Severe material and social deprivation rate, total population (ilc_mdsd11). Boundaries: Natural Earth (public domain).

All EU countries, 2020

Romania: 25.3 %Romania25.3Bulgaria: 22.1 %Bulgaria22.1Greece: 14.9 %Greece14.9Hungary: 10.7 %Hungary10.7Spain: 8.5 %Spain8.5Lithuania: 8.1 %Lithuania8.1Latvia: 7 %Latvia7Belgium: 6.7 %Belgium6.7France: 6.4 %France6.4Italy: 6.2 %Italy6.2Ireland: 6.1 %Ireland6.1Portugal: 5.4 %Portugal5.4Malta: 5.1 %Malta5.1Slovakia: 4.5 %Slovakia4.5Croatia: 4.4 %Croatia4.4Germany: 4.4 %Germany4.4Denmark: 3.5 %Denmark3.5Cyprus: 3.3 %Cyprus3.3Austria: 3 %Austria3Poland: 2.6 %Poland2.6Slovenia: 2.6 %Slovenia2.6Estonia: 2.3 %Estonia2.3Netherlands: 2.2 %Netherlands2.2Sweden: 2 %Sweden2Czechia: 1.9 %Czechia1.9Finland: 1.8 %Finland1.8Luxembourg: 1.7 %Luxembourg1.7Romania: 25.3 %Romania25.3Bulgaria: 22.1 %Bulgaria22.1Greece: 14.9 %Greece14.9Hungary: 10.7 %Hungary10.7Spain: 8.5 %Spain8.5Lithuania: 8.1 %Lithuania8.1Latvia: 7 %Latvia7Belgium: 6.7 %Belgium6.7France: 6.4 %France6.4Italy: 6.2 %Italy6.2Ireland: 6.1 %Ireland6.1Portugal: 5.4 %Portugal5.4Malta: 5.1 %Malta5.1Slovakia: 4.5 %Slovakia4.5Croatia: 4.4 %Croatia4.4Germany: 4.4 %Germany4.4Denmark: 3.5 %Denmark3.5Cyprus: 3.3 %Cyprus3.3Austria: 3 %Austria3Poland: 2.6 %Poland2.6Slovenia: 2.6 %Slovenia2.6Estonia: 2.3 %Estonia2.3Netherlands: 2.2 %Netherlands2.2Sweden: 2 %Sweden2Czechia: 1.9 %Czechia1.9Finland: 1.8 %Finland1.8Luxembourg: 1.7 %Luxembourg1.7
%. Source: Eurostat, Severe material and social deprivation rate, total population (ilc_mdsd11). Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Full ranking

RankEU countries2020 (%)Change on 2019
1Romania25.3+0.8 pts
2Bulgaria22.10 pts
3Greece14.9-0.9 pts
4Hungary10.7-0.1 pts
5Spain8.5+0.8 pts
6Lithuania8.1-1.6 pts
7Latvia7-0.5 pts
8Belgium6.7+0.5 pts
9France Series break6.4-0.9 pts
10Italy6.2-0.2 pts
11Ireland Series break6.1-0.4 pts
12Portugal5.4-0.2 pts
13Malta5.1+0.1 pts
14Slovakia4.5-1.4 pts
15Croatia4.4-0.2 pts
15Germany Series break4.4+1.4 pts
17Denmark3.5-0.3 pts
18Cyprus3.3+0.2 pts
19Austria3+0.3 pts
20Poland2.6-0.9 pts
20Slovenia2.6+0.4 pts
22Estonia2.3-0.3 pts
23Netherlands2.2-0.6 pts
24Sweden2+0.5 pts
25Czechia1.9-0.2 pts
26Finland1.8-0.1 pts
27Luxembourg Series break1.7+0.3 pts

Other periods

About this ranking

Share of the population that cannot afford at least 7 of 13 deprivation items (EU-SILC).

More on how it is measured
  • The 13 items are 7 for the household (facing unexpected expenses, a one-week holiday away from home, avoiding arrears on rent, mortgage, utility bills or loans, a meal with meat, fish or a vegetarian equivalent every second day, keeping the home adequately warm, a car, replacing worn-out furniture) and 6 for the person (an internet connection, replacing worn-out clothes, two pairs of properly fitting shoes, spending a small amount of money each week on oneself, regular leisure activities, getting together with friends or family for a drink or meal at least once a month).

One of the three components of the EU at-risk-of-poverty-or-social-exclusion measure (Europe 2030 target), from 2015. It measures what people cannot afford, not income: at_risk_of_poverty_rate is the income measure. The broader rate (5 or more items) is material_social_deprivation_rate.

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the EU countries are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

Eurostat. Severe material and social deprivation rate, total population (ilc_mdsd11). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ilc_mdsd11/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Citation styles

The publisher is the author. Invokely is named only as the place the figures were read, where a style asks for it.

APA 7

Eurostat, European Commission. (2026). Severe material and social deprivation rate, total population (ilc_mdsd11) (EU countries by severe material and social deprivation rate, 2020) [Data set]. Retrieved October 12, 2026, from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ilc_mdsd11/default/table

MLA 9

Severe material and social deprivation rate, total population (ilc_mdsd11), EU countries by severe material and social deprivation rate, 2020. Eurostat, European Commission, 28 Sept. 2026, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ilc_mdsd11/default/table. Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/severe-material-social-deprivation/eu-countries?period=2020. Accessed 12 Oct. 2026.

Chicago (author-date)

Eurostat, European Commission. 2026. Severe material and social deprivation rate, total population (ilc_mdsd11). EU countries by severe material and social deprivation rate, 2020. Dataset. Accessed October 12, 2026. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ilc_mdsd11/default/table. Also distributed by Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/severe-material-social-deprivation/eu-countries?period=2020.

Harvard

Eurostat, European Commission (2026) Severe material and social deprivation rate, total population (ilc_mdsd11), EU countries by severe material and social deprivation rate, 2020 [Dataset]. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ilc_mdsd11/default/table, via Invokely: https://invokely.ai/rankings/severe-material-social-deprivation/eu-countries?period=2020 (Accessed: 12 October 2026).

BibTeX
@misc{eurostat_eu_countries_by_severe_2020,
  author = {{Eurostat, European Commission}},
  title = {{Severe material and social deprivation rate, total population (ilc\_mdsd11): EU countries by severe material and social deprivation rate, 2020}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {Data set},
  url = {https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ilc_mdsd11/default/table},
  urldate = {2026-10-12},
  note = {Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/severe-material-social-deprivation/eu-countries?period=2020. Publisher attribution: Eurostat. Severe material and social deprivation rate, total population (ilc\_mdsd11). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ilc\_mdsd11/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-12.},
}
RIS
TY  - DATA
AU  - Eurostat, European Commission
TI  - Severe material and social deprivation rate, total population (ilc_mdsd11): EU countries by severe material and social deprivation rate, 2020
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/09/28
PB  - Eurostat, European Commission
DB  - Invokely
UR  - https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ilc_mdsd11/default/table
L2  - https://invokely.ai/rankings/severe-material-social-deprivation/eu-countries?period=2020
Y2  - 2026/10/12
N1  - Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/severe-material-social-deprivation/eu-countries?period=2020.
N1  - Publisher attribution: Eurostat. Severe material and social deprivation rate, total population (ilc_mdsd11). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ilc_mdsd11/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
ER  -
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Questions

Which EU country has the highest severe material and social deprivation rate?

Romania, with 25.3% in 2020, according to Eurostat, European Commission.

Which EU country has the lowest severe material and social deprivation rate?

Luxembourg, with 1.7% in 2020.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: Eurostat, European Commission, Severe material and social deprivation rate, total population (ilc_mdsd11). Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Severe material and social deprivation rate: other rankings

EU countries: more rankings