EU countries by gender pay gap (unadjusted)

Estonia had the highest gender pay gap (unadjusted) of 27 EU countries in 2014, at 28.1%. Romania had the lowest, at 4.5%. The median was 14.2% and the figure for the European Union (27) was 15.7%. Source: Eurostat, European Commission.

Highest28.1Estonia

Lowest4.5Romania

Median14.227 EU countries

European Union (27)15.7History

Map of EU countries, 2014

Under 7.9
7.9 to 14
14 to 15
15 to 18
18 and over

%, 2014. Source: Eurostat, Gender pay gap in unadjusted form, industry, construction and services except public administration (earn_gr_gpgr2). Boundaries: Natural Earth (public domain).

All EU countries, 2014

%. Source: Eurostat, Gender pay gap in unadjusted form, industry, construction and services except public administration (earn_gr_gpgr2). Retrieved 2026-10-18.

Full ranking

Rank	EU countries	2014 (%)	Change on 2013
1	Estonia	28.1	-1.7 pts
2	Czechia	22.5	+0.2 pts
3	Germany	22.3	+0.2 pts
4	Austria	22.2	-0.1 pts
5	Slovakia	19.7	+0.9 pts
6	Finland	18.4	-0.4 pts
7	Latvia	17.3	+1.3 pts
8	Netherlands	17	-0.2 pts
9	Denmark	16	-0.5 pts
10	France	15.5	0 pts
11	Hungary	15.1	-3.3 pts
12	Portugal	14.9	+1.6 pts
12	Spain	14.9	-2.9 pts
14	Bulgaria	14.2	+0.1 pts
14	Cyprus	14.2	-0.7 pts
16	Ireland	13.9	+1 pts
17	Sweden	13.8	-0.8 pts
18	Lithuania	13.3	+1.1 pts
19	Greece	12.5	n/a
20	Malta	10.6	+0.9 pts
21	Croatia	8.7	+1 pts
22	Poland	7.7	+0.6 pts
23	Slovenia	7	+0.7 pts
24	Belgium	6.6	-0.9 pts
25	Italy	6.1	-0.9 pts
26	Luxembourg	5.4	-0.8 pts
27	Romania	4.5	-0.4 pts

Other periods

About this ranking

Difference between the average gross hourly earnings of men and of women, as a percentage of men's average gross hourly earnings. Employees in enterprises with 10 or more employees, in industry, construction and services except public administration and defence (NACE Rev. 2 B to S without O).

Unadjusted: it compares averages for all women and all men and does not account for differences in occupation, sector, hours or experience. A negative value means women earn more per hour on average. Built from the four-yearly Structure of Earnings Survey (2010, 2014, 2018, 2022), with national estimates for the years in between; the latest year is usually provisional.

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the EU countries are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

Eurostat. Gender pay gap in unadjusted form, industry, construction and services except public administration (earn_gr_gpgr2). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/earn_gr_gpgr2/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-18.

Citation styles

The publisher is the author. Invokely is named only as the place the figures were read, where a style asks for it.

APA 7

Eurostat, European Commission. (2026). Gender pay gap in unadjusted form, industry, construction and services except public administration (earn_gr_gpgr2) (EU countries by gender pay gap (unadjusted), 2014) [Data set]. Retrieved October 18, 2026, from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/earn_gr_gpgr2/default/table

MLA 9

Gender pay gap in unadjusted form, industry, construction and services except public administration (earn_gr_gpgr2), EU countries by gender pay gap (unadjusted), 2014. Eurostat, European Commission, 26 Feb. 2026, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/earn_gr_gpgr2/default/table. Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/gender-pay-gap/eu-countries?period=2014. Accessed 18 Oct. 2026.

Chicago (author-date)

Eurostat, European Commission. 2026. Gender pay gap in unadjusted form, industry, construction and services except public administration (earn_gr_gpgr2). EU countries by gender pay gap (unadjusted), 2014. Dataset. Accessed October 18, 2026. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/earn_gr_gpgr2/default/table. Also distributed by Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/gender-pay-gap/eu-countries?period=2014.

Harvard

Eurostat, European Commission (2026) Gender pay gap in unadjusted form, industry, construction and services except public administration (earn_gr_gpgr2), EU countries by gender pay gap (unadjusted), 2014 [Dataset]. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/earn_gr_gpgr2/default/table, via Invokely: https://invokely.ai/rankings/gender-pay-gap/eu-countries?period=2014 (Accessed: 18 October 2026).

BibTeX

@misc{eurostat_eu_countries_by_gender_2014,
  author = {{Eurostat, European Commission}},
  title = {{Gender pay gap in unadjusted form, industry, construction and services except public administration (earn\_gr\_gpgr2): EU countries by gender pay gap (unadjusted), 2014}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {Data set},
  url = {https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/earn_gr_gpgr2/default/table},
  urldate = {2026-10-18},
  note = {Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/gender-pay-gap/eu-countries?period=2014. Publisher attribution: Eurostat. Gender pay gap in unadjusted form, industry, construction and services except public administration (earn\_gr\_gpgr2). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/earn\_gr\_gpgr2/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-18.},
}

RIS

TY  - DATA
AU  - Eurostat, European Commission
TI  - Gender pay gap in unadjusted form, industry, construction and services except public administration (earn_gr_gpgr2): EU countries by gender pay gap (unadjusted), 2014
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/02/26
PB  - Eurostat, European Commission
DB  - Invokely
UR  - https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/earn_gr_gpgr2/default/table
L2  - https://invokely.ai/rankings/gender-pay-gap/eu-countries?period=2014
Y2  - 2026/10/18
N1  - Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/gender-pay-gap/eu-countries?period=2014.
N1  - Publisher attribution: Eurostat. Gender pay gap in unadjusted form, industry, construction and services except public administration (earn_gr_gpgr2). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/earn_gr_gpgr2/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-18.
ER  -

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Rank EU countries by gender pay gap (unadjusted) using official data, and cite the source.

rank_places {"indicator":"gender_pay_gap","level":"country","within":"European Union (27)","limit":10}
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Questions

Which EU country has the highest gender pay gap (unadjusted)?

Estonia, with 28.1% in 2014, according to Eurostat, European Commission.

Which EU country has the lowest gender pay gap (unadjusted)?

Romania, with 4.5% in 2014.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: Eurostat, European Commission, Gender pay gap in unadjusted form, industry, construction and services except public administration (earn_gr_gpgr2). Retrieved 2026-10-18.