EU countries by gender pay gap (unadjusted)

Estonia had the highest gender pay gap (unadjusted) of 26 EU countries in 2013, at 29.8%. Romania had the lowest, at 4.9%. The median was 14.8% and the figure for the European Union (27) was 16%. Source: Eurostat, European Commission.

Highest29.8Estonia

Lowest4.9Romania

Median14.826 EU countries

European Union (27)16History

Map of EU countries, 2013

Under 7.5
7.5 to 13
13 to 16
16 to 19
19 and over
No data

%, 2013. Hatched areas have no value for this period. Source: Eurostat, Gender pay gap in unadjusted form, industry, construction and services except public administration (earn_gr_gpgr2). Boundaries: Natural Earth (public domain).

All EU countries, 2013

%. Source: Eurostat, Gender pay gap in unadjusted form, industry, construction and services except public administration (earn_gr_gpgr2). Retrieved 2026-10-18.

Full ranking

Rank	EU countries	2013 (%)	Change on 2012
1	Estonia	29.8	-0.1 pts
2	Austria	22.3	-0.6 pts
2	Czechia	22.3	-0.2 pts
4	Germany	22.1	-0.6 pts
5	Finland	18.8	-0.4 pts
5	Slovakia	18.8	-2 pts
7	Hungary	18.4	-1.7 pts
8	Spain	17.8	-0.9 pts
9	Netherlands	17.2	-0.8 pts
10	Denmark	16.5	-0.3 pts
11	Latvia	16	+1.1 pts
12	France	15.5	-0.1 pts
13	Cyprus	14.9	-0.7 pts
14	Sweden	14.6	-0.9 pts
15	Bulgaria	14.1	-1 pts
16	Portugal	13.3	-1.7 pts
17	Ireland	12.9	+0.7 pts
18	Lithuania	12.2	+0.3 pts
19	Malta	9.7	+0.2 pts
20	Croatia	7.7	n/a
21	Belgium	7.5	-0.8 pts
22	Poland	7.1	+0.7 pts
23	Italy	7	+0.5 pts
24	Slovenia	6.3	+1.8 pts
25	Luxembourg	6.2	-0.8 pts
26	Romania	4.9	-2 pts

Other periods

About this ranking

Difference between the average gross hourly earnings of men and of women, as a percentage of men's average gross hourly earnings. Employees in enterprises with 10 or more employees, in industry, construction and services except public administration and defence (NACE Rev. 2 B to S without O).

Unadjusted: it compares averages for all women and all men and does not account for differences in occupation, sector, hours or experience. A negative value means women earn more per hour on average. Built from the four-yearly Structure of Earnings Survey (2010, 2014, 2018, 2022), with national estimates for the years in between; the latest year is usually provisional.

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the EU countries are compared on one definition. 1 EU countries with data in other periods have no value for 2013 and are left out rather than filled from another source. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

Eurostat. Gender pay gap in unadjusted form, industry, construction and services except public administration (earn_gr_gpgr2). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/earn_gr_gpgr2/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-18.

Citation styles

The publisher is the author. Invokely is named only as the place the figures were read, where a style asks for it.

APA 7

Eurostat, European Commission. (2026). Gender pay gap in unadjusted form, industry, construction and services except public administration (earn_gr_gpgr2) (EU countries by gender pay gap (unadjusted), 2013) [Data set]. Retrieved October 18, 2026, from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/earn_gr_gpgr2/default/table

MLA 9

Gender pay gap in unadjusted form, industry, construction and services except public administration (earn_gr_gpgr2), EU countries by gender pay gap (unadjusted), 2013. Eurostat, European Commission, 26 Feb. 2026, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/earn_gr_gpgr2/default/table. Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/gender-pay-gap/eu-countries?period=2013. Accessed 18 Oct. 2026.

Chicago (author-date)

Eurostat, European Commission. 2026. Gender pay gap in unadjusted form, industry, construction and services except public administration (earn_gr_gpgr2). EU countries by gender pay gap (unadjusted), 2013. Dataset. Accessed October 18, 2026. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/earn_gr_gpgr2/default/table. Also distributed by Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/gender-pay-gap/eu-countries?period=2013.

Harvard

Eurostat, European Commission (2026) Gender pay gap in unadjusted form, industry, construction and services except public administration (earn_gr_gpgr2), EU countries by gender pay gap (unadjusted), 2013 [Dataset]. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/earn_gr_gpgr2/default/table, via Invokely: https://invokely.ai/rankings/gender-pay-gap/eu-countries?period=2013 (Accessed: 18 October 2026).

BibTeX

@misc{eurostat_eu_countries_by_gender_2013,
  author = {{Eurostat, European Commission}},
  title = {{Gender pay gap in unadjusted form, industry, construction and services except public administration (earn\_gr\_gpgr2): EU countries by gender pay gap (unadjusted), 2013}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {Data set},
  url = {https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/earn_gr_gpgr2/default/table},
  urldate = {2026-10-18},
  note = {Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/gender-pay-gap/eu-countries?period=2013. Publisher attribution: Eurostat. Gender pay gap in unadjusted form, industry, construction and services except public administration (earn\_gr\_gpgr2). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/earn\_gr\_gpgr2/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-18.},
}

RIS

TY  - DATA
AU  - Eurostat, European Commission
TI  - Gender pay gap in unadjusted form, industry, construction and services except public administration (earn_gr_gpgr2): EU countries by gender pay gap (unadjusted), 2013
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/02/26
PB  - Eurostat, European Commission
DB  - Invokely
UR  - https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/earn_gr_gpgr2/default/table
L2  - https://invokely.ai/rankings/gender-pay-gap/eu-countries?period=2013
Y2  - 2026/10/18
N1  - Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/gender-pay-gap/eu-countries?period=2013.
N1  - Publisher attribution: Eurostat. Gender pay gap in unadjusted form, industry, construction and services except public administration (earn_gr_gpgr2). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/earn_gr_gpgr2/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-18.
ER  -

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Questions

Which EU country has the highest gender pay gap (unadjusted)?

Estonia, with 29.8% in 2013, according to Eurostat, European Commission.

Which EU country has the lowest gender pay gap (unadjusted)?

Romania, with 4.9% in 2013.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: Eurostat, European Commission, Gender pay gap in unadjusted form, industry, construction and services except public administration (earn_gr_gpgr2). Retrieved 2026-10-18. 1 EU countries have no value for 2013 and are not ranked.