Data / Rankings / Gross capital formation, share of GDP / EU countries

EU countries by gross capital formation, share of GDP

Czechia had the highest gross capital formation, share of GDP of 27 EU countries in 2024, at 26.3% of GDP. Luxembourg had the lowest, at 15.8% of GDP. The median was 21.5% of GDP. Source: the World Bank.

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Highest26.3Czechia
Lowest15.8Luxembourg
Median21.527 EU countries

Map of EU countries, 2024

Austria: 23.6 % of GDPBelgium: 24.6 % of GDPBulgaria: 20.4 % of GDPCyprus: 20.7 % of GDPCzechia: 26.3 % of GDPGermany: 21.5 % of GDPDenmark: 23.2 % of GDPEstonia: 24.6 % of GDPSpain: 21.2 % of GDPFinland: 22.3 % of GDPFrance: 21.5 % of GDPGreece: 18.3 % of GDPCroatia: 24.3 % of GDPHungary: 23.7 % of GDPIreland: 18.2 % of GDPItaly: 22.3 % of GDPLithuania: 20.7 % of GDPLuxembourg: 15.8 % of GDPLatvia: 21.5 % of GDPMalta: 19 % of GDPNetherlands: 19.7 % of GDPPoland: 17.8 % of GDPPortugal: 20.3 % of GDPRomania: 25 % of GDPSweden: 25.1 % of GDPSlovenia: 21.5 % of GDPSlovakia: 20.1 % of GDP
  • Under 20
  • 20 to 21
  • 21 to 22
  • 22 to 24
  • 24 and over
% of GDP, 2024. Source: World Bank, Gross capital formation (% of GDP) (NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS). Boundaries: Natural Earth (public domain).

All EU countries, 2024

Czechia: 26.3 % of GDPCzechia26.3Sweden: 25.1 % of GDPSweden25.1Romania: 25 % of GDPRomania25Estonia: 24.6 % of GDPEstonia24.6Belgium: 24.6 % of GDPBelgium24.6Croatia: 24.3 % of GDPCroatia24.3Hungary: 23.7 % of GDPHungary23.7Austria: 23.6 % of GDPAustria23.6Denmark: 23.2 % of GDPDenmark23.2Finland: 22.3 % of GDPFinland22.3Italy: 22.3 % of GDPItaly22.3Slovenia: 21.5 % of GDPSlovenia21.5France: 21.5 % of GDPFrance21.5Germany: 21.5 % of GDPGermany21.5Latvia: 21.5 % of GDPLatvia21.5Spain: 21.2 % of GDPSpain21.2Cyprus: 20.7 % of GDPCyprus20.7Lithuania: 20.7 % of GDPLithuania20.7Bulgaria: 20.4 % of GDPBulgaria20.4Portugal: 20.3 % of GDPPortugal20.3Slovakia: 20.1 % of GDPSlovakia20.1Netherlands: 19.7 % of GDPNetherlands19.7Malta: 19 % of GDPMalta19Greece: 18.3 % of GDPGreece18.3Ireland: 18.2 % of GDPIreland18.2Poland: 17.8 % of GDPPoland17.8Luxembourg: 15.8 % of GDPLuxembourg15.8Czechia: 26.3 % of GDPCzechia26.3Sweden: 25.1 % of GDPSweden25.1Romania: 25 % of GDPRomania25Estonia: 24.6 % of GDPEstonia24.6Belgium: 24.6 % of GDPBelgium24.6Croatia: 24.3 % of GDPCroatia24.3Hungary: 23.7 % of GDPHungary23.7Austria: 23.6 % of GDPAustria23.6Denmark: 23.2 % of GDPDenmark23.2Finland: 22.3 % of GDPFinland22.3Italy: 22.3 % of GDPItaly22.3Slovenia: 21.5 % of GDPSlovenia21.5France: 21.5 % of GDPFrance21.5Germany: 21.5 % of GDPGermany21.5Latvia: 21.5 % of GDPLatvia21.5Spain: 21.2 % of GDPSpain21.2Cyprus: 20.7 % of GDPCyprus20.7Lithuania: 20.7 % of GDPLithuania20.7Bulgaria: 20.4 % of GDPBulgaria20.4Portugal: 20.3 % of GDPPortugal20.3Slovakia: 20.1 % of GDPSlovakia20.1Netherlands: 19.7 % of GDPNetherlands19.7Malta: 19 % of GDPMalta19Greece: 18.3 % of GDPGreece18.3Ireland: 18.2 % of GDPIreland18.2Poland: 17.8 % of GDPPoland17.8Luxembourg: 15.8 % of GDPLuxembourg15.8
% of GDP. Source: World Bank, Gross capital formation (% of GDP) (NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS). Retrieved 2026-10-18.

Full ranking

RankEU countries2024
% of GDP		Change on 2023
1Czechia26.3-1.9 pts
2Sweden25.1-0.1 pts
3Romania25-1.2 pts
4Estonia24.6-0.6 pts
5Belgium24.6-0.7 pts
6Croatia24.3-0.2 pts
7Hungary23.7-2.5 pts
8Austria23.6-2.4 pts
9Denmark23.2-0.4 pts
10Finland22.3-0.7 pts
11Italy22.3-0.8 pts
12Slovenia21.5-1 pts
13France21.5-1.4 pts
14Germany21.5-0.5 pts
15Latvia21.5-3.2 pts
16Spain21.2+0.1 pts
17Cyprus20.7-0.8 pts
18Lithuania20.7-2 pts
19Bulgaria20.4+0.6 pts
20Portugal20.3-0.2 pts
21Slovakia20.1+0.4 pts
22Netherlands19.7-0.4 pts
23Malta19-0.9 pts
24Greece18.3+2.1 pts
25Ireland18.2-8.4 pts
26Poland17.8+0.1 pts
27Luxembourg15.8-0.6 pts

Other periods

About this ranking

Acquisitions less disposals of produced assets for fixed capital formation, inventories or valuables, as a percentage of GDP. World Bank national accounts data, compiled from national statistical offices and central banks and from OECD national accounts files.

Includes the change in inventories, so it can be negative in a year when stocks are run down. For investment in fixed assets alone see gross_fixed_capital_formation_gdp. Current prices, so the share moves with relative prices as well as volumes. Countries that rebase their national accounts can shift it by several points. The latest year varies by country.

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the EU countries are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

World Bank, World Development Indicators. Gross capital formation (% of GDP) (NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS). https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS. Retrieved 2026-10-18. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.

Citation styles

The publisher is the author. Invokely is named only as the place the figures were read, where a style asks for it.

APA 7

World Bank. (2026). Gross capital formation (% of GDP) (NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS) (EU countries by gross capital formation, share of GDP, 2024) [Data set]. Retrieved October 18, 2026, from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS

MLA 9

Gross capital formation (% of GDP) (NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS), EU countries by gross capital formation, share of GDP, 2024. World Bank, 8 Oct. 2026, https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS. Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/gross-capital-formation-gdp/eu-countries?period=2024. Accessed 18 Oct. 2026.

Chicago (author-date)

World Bank. 2026. Gross capital formation (% of GDP) (NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS). EU countries by gross capital formation, share of GDP, 2024. Dataset. Accessed October 18, 2026. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS. Also distributed by Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/gross-capital-formation-gdp/eu-countries?period=2024.

Harvard

World Bank (2026) Gross capital formation (% of GDP) (NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS), EU countries by gross capital formation, share of GDP, 2024 [Dataset]. Available at: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS, via Invokely: https://invokely.ai/rankings/gross-capital-formation-gdp/eu-countries?period=2024 (Accessed: 18 October 2026).

BibTeX
@misc{world_eu_countries_by_gross_2024,
  author = {{World Bank}},
  title = {{Gross capital formation (\% of GDP) (NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS): EU countries by gross capital formation, share of GDP, 2024}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {Data set},
  url = {https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS},
  urldate = {2026-10-18},
  note = {Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/gross-capital-formation-gdp/eu-countries?period=2024. Publisher attribution: World Bank, World Development Indicators. Gross capital formation (\% of GDP) (NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS). https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS. Retrieved 2026-10-18. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.},
}
RIS
TY  - DATA
AU  - World Bank
TI  - Gross capital formation (% of GDP) (NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS): EU countries by gross capital formation, share of GDP, 2024
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/08
PB  - World Bank
DB  - Invokely
UR  - https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS
L2  - https://invokely.ai/rankings/gross-capital-formation-gdp/eu-countries?period=2024
Y2  - 2026/10/18
N1  - Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/gross-capital-formation-gdp/eu-countries?period=2024.
N1  - Publisher attribution: World Bank, World Development Indicators. Gross capital formation (% of GDP) (NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS). https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS. Retrieved 2026-10-18. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.
ER  -
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Questions

Which EU country has the highest gross capital formation, share of GDP?

Czechia, with 26.3% of GDP in 2024, according to the World Bank.

Which EU country has the lowest gross capital formation, share of GDP?

Luxembourg, with 15.8% of GDP in 2024.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: World Bank, Gross capital formation (% of GDP) (NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS). Retrieved 2026-10-18.

Gross capital formation, share of GDP: other rankings

EU countries: more rankings