Data / Rankings / Gross capital formation, share of GDP / EU countries

EU countries by gross capital formation, share of GDP

Ireland had the highest gross capital formation, share of GDP of 27 EU countries in 2019, at 53.7% of GDP. Greece had the lowest, at 12.1% of GDP. The median was 21.9% of GDP. Source: the World Bank.

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Highest53.7Ireland
Lowest12.1Greece
Median21.927 EU countries

Map of EU countries, 2019

Austria: 25.5 % of GDPBelgium: 24.7 % of GDPBulgaria: 20.7 % of GDPCyprus: 19.5 % of GDPCzechia: 26.2 % of GDPGermany: 21.4 % of GDPDenmark: 21.9 % of GDPEstonia: 26.4 % of GDPSpain: 20.9 % of GDPFinland: 24.6 % of GDPFrance: 23 % of GDPGreece: 12.1 % of GDPCroatia: 22 % of GDPHungary: 28.7 % of GDPIreland: 53.7 % of GDPItaly: 18.4 % of GDPLithuania: 19.6 % of GDPLuxembourg: 18.7 % of GDPLatvia: 23.3 % of GDPMalta: 21 % of GDPNetherlands: 21.8 % of GDPPoland: 20.7 % of GDPPortugal: 18.8 % of GDPRomania: 24.4 % of GDPSweden: 24.5 % of GDPSlovenia: 20.8 % of GDPSlovakia: 24.1 % of GDP
  • Under 20
  • 20 to 21
  • 21 to 23
  • 23 to 25
  • 25 and over
% of GDP, 2019. Source: World Bank, Gross capital formation (% of GDP) (NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS). Boundaries: Natural Earth (public domain).

All EU countries, 2019

Ireland: 53.7 % of GDPIreland53.7Hungary: 28.7 % of GDPHungary28.7Estonia: 26.4 % of GDPEstonia26.4Czechia: 26.2 % of GDPCzechia26.2Austria: 25.5 % of GDPAustria25.5Belgium: 24.7 % of GDPBelgium24.7Finland: 24.6 % of GDPFinland24.6Sweden: 24.5 % of GDPSweden24.5Romania: 24.4 % of GDPRomania24.4Slovakia: 24.1 % of GDPSlovakia24.1Latvia: 23.3 % of GDPLatvia23.3France: 23 % of GDPFrance23Croatia: 22 % of GDPCroatia22Denmark: 21.9 % of GDPDenmark21.9Netherlands: 21.8 % of GDPNetherlands21.8Germany: 21.4 % of GDPGermany21.4Malta: 21 % of GDPMalta21Spain: 20.9 % of GDPSpain20.9Slovenia: 20.8 % of GDPSlovenia20.8Bulgaria: 20.7 % of GDPBulgaria20.7Poland: 20.7 % of GDPPoland20.7Lithuania: 19.6 % of GDPLithuania19.6Cyprus: 19.5 % of GDPCyprus19.5Portugal: 18.8 % of GDPPortugal18.8Luxembourg: 18.7 % of GDPLuxembourg18.7Italy: 18.4 % of GDPItaly18.4Greece: 12.1 % of GDPGreece12.1Ireland: 53.7 % of GDPIreland53.7Hungary: 28.7 % of GDPHungary28.7Estonia: 26.4 % of GDPEstonia26.4Czechia: 26.2 % of GDPCzechia26.2Austria: 25.5 % of GDPAustria25.5Belgium: 24.7 % of GDPBelgium24.7Finland: 24.6 % of GDPFinland24.6Sweden: 24.5 % of GDPSweden24.5Romania: 24.4 % of GDPRomania24.4Slovakia: 24.1 % of GDPSlovakia24.1Latvia: 23.3 % of GDPLatvia23.3France: 23 % of GDPFrance23Croatia: 22 % of GDPCroatia22Denmark: 21.9 % of GDPDenmark21.9Netherlands: 21.8 % of GDPNetherlands21.8Germany: 21.4 % of GDPGermany21.4Malta: 21 % of GDPMalta21Spain: 20.9 % of GDPSpain20.9Slovenia: 20.8 % of GDPSlovenia20.8Bulgaria: 20.7 % of GDPBulgaria20.7Poland: 20.7 % of GDPPoland20.7Lithuania: 19.6 % of GDPLithuania19.6Cyprus: 19.5 % of GDPCyprus19.5Portugal: 18.8 % of GDPPortugal18.8Luxembourg: 18.7 % of GDPLuxembourg18.7Italy: 18.4 % of GDPItaly18.4Greece: 12.1 % of GDPGreece12.1
% of GDP. Source: World Bank, Gross capital formation (% of GDP) (NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS). Retrieved 2026-10-18.

Full ranking

RankEU countries2019
% of GDP		Change on 2018
1Ireland53.7+25.5 pts
2Hungary28.7+1.6 pts
3Estonia26.4-1.5 pts
4Czechia26.2+0.5 pts
5Austria25.5-0.4 pts
6Belgium24.7-0.9 pts
7Finland24.6-1.2 pts
8Sweden24.5-0.9 pts
9Romania24.4+1.4 pts
10Slovakia24.1-0.1 pts
11Latvia23.3-0.5 pts
12France23+0.4 pts
13Croatia22-0.5 pts
14Denmark21.9-0.6 pts
15Netherlands21.8+1.3 pts
16Germany21.4-0.3 pts
17Malta21+1.3 pts
18Spain20.9+0.2 pts
19Slovenia20.8-0.7 pts
20Bulgaria20.7-0.4 pts
21Poland20.7-0.7 pts
22Lithuania19.6-2.8 pts
23Cyprus19.5+0.5 pts
24Portugal18.8+0.2 pts
25Luxembourg18.7+1.7 pts
26Italy18.4-0.3 pts
27Greece12.1-0.9 pts

Other periods

About this ranking

Acquisitions less disposals of produced assets for fixed capital formation, inventories or valuables, as a percentage of GDP. World Bank national accounts data, compiled from national statistical offices and central banks and from OECD national accounts files.

Includes the change in inventories, so it can be negative in a year when stocks are run down. For investment in fixed assets alone see gross_fixed_capital_formation_gdp. Current prices, so the share moves with relative prices as well as volumes. Countries that rebase their national accounts can shift it by several points. The latest year varies by country.

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the EU countries are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

World Bank, World Development Indicators. Gross capital formation (% of GDP) (NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS). https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS. Retrieved 2026-10-18. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.

Citation styles

The publisher is the author. Invokely is named only as the place the figures were read, where a style asks for it.

APA 7

World Bank. (2026). Gross capital formation (% of GDP) (NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS) (EU countries by gross capital formation, share of GDP, 2019) [Data set]. Retrieved October 18, 2026, from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS

MLA 9

Gross capital formation (% of GDP) (NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS), EU countries by gross capital formation, share of GDP, 2019. World Bank, 8 Oct. 2026, https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS. Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/gross-capital-formation-gdp/eu-countries?period=2019. Accessed 18 Oct. 2026.

Chicago (author-date)

World Bank. 2026. Gross capital formation (% of GDP) (NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS). EU countries by gross capital formation, share of GDP, 2019. Dataset. Accessed October 18, 2026. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS. Also distributed by Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/gross-capital-formation-gdp/eu-countries?period=2019.

Harvard

World Bank (2026) Gross capital formation (% of GDP) (NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS), EU countries by gross capital formation, share of GDP, 2019 [Dataset]. Available at: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS, via Invokely: https://invokely.ai/rankings/gross-capital-formation-gdp/eu-countries?period=2019 (Accessed: 18 October 2026).

BibTeX
@misc{world_eu_countries_by_gross_2019,
  author = {{World Bank}},
  title = {{Gross capital formation (\% of GDP) (NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS): EU countries by gross capital formation, share of GDP, 2019}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {Data set},
  url = {https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS},
  urldate = {2026-10-18},
  note = {Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/gross-capital-formation-gdp/eu-countries?period=2019. Publisher attribution: World Bank, World Development Indicators. Gross capital formation (\% of GDP) (NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS). https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS. Retrieved 2026-10-18. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.},
}
RIS
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AU  - World Bank
TI  - Gross capital formation (% of GDP) (NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS): EU countries by gross capital formation, share of GDP, 2019
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/08
PB  - World Bank
DB  - Invokely
UR  - https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS
L2  - https://invokely.ai/rankings/gross-capital-formation-gdp/eu-countries?period=2019
Y2  - 2026/10/18
N1  - Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/gross-capital-formation-gdp/eu-countries?period=2019.
N1  - Publisher attribution: World Bank, World Development Indicators. Gross capital formation (% of GDP) (NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS). https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS. Retrieved 2026-10-18. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.
ER  -
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Questions

Which EU country has the highest gross capital formation, share of GDP?

Ireland, with 53.7% of GDP in 2019, according to the World Bank.

Which EU country has the lowest gross capital formation, share of GDP?

Greece, with 12.1% of GDP in 2019.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: World Bank, Gross capital formation (% of GDP) (NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS). Retrieved 2026-10-18.

Gross capital formation, share of GDP: other rankings

EU countries: more rankings