Data / Rankings / Gross capital formation, share of GDP / EU countries

EU countries by gross capital formation, share of GDP

Hungary had the highest gross capital formation, share of GDP of 27 EU countries in 2022, at 34.3% of GDP. Luxembourg had the lowest, at 17% of GDP. The median was 24.6% of GDP. Source: the World Bank.

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Highest34.3Hungary
Lowest17Luxembourg
Median24.627 EU countries

Map of EU countries, 2022

Austria: 29.2 % of GDPBelgium: 27.4 % of GDPBulgaria: 22.7 % of GDPCyprus: 20.6 % of GDPCzechia: 31 % of GDPGermany: 23.3 % of GDPDenmark: 24.8 % of GDPEstonia: 27.9 % of GDPSpain: 22.7 % of GDPFinland: 27.3 % of GDPFrance: 24 % of GDPGreece: 18.8 % of GDPCroatia: 26.2 % of GDPHungary: 34.3 % of GDPIreland: 22.9 % of GDPItaly: 24.6 % of GDPLithuania: 27.8 % of GDPLuxembourg: 17 % of GDPLatvia: 24.7 % of GDPMalta: 26.4 % of GDPNetherlands: 22.9 % of GDPPoland: 22.1 % of GDPPortugal: 21.4 % of GDPRomania: 27.1 % of GDPSweden: 26.9 % of GDPSlovenia: 24.6 % of GDPSlovakia: 23.3 % of GDP
  • Under 23
  • 23 to 24
  • 24 to 26
  • 26 to 27
  • 27 and over
% of GDP, 2022. Source: World Bank, Gross capital formation (% of GDP) (NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS). Boundaries: Natural Earth (public domain).

All EU countries, 2022

Hungary: 34.3 % of GDPHungary34.3Czechia: 31 % of GDPCzechia31Austria: 29.2 % of GDPAustria29.2Estonia: 27.9 % of GDPEstonia27.9Lithuania: 27.8 % of GDPLithuania27.8Belgium: 27.4 % of GDPBelgium27.4Finland: 27.3 % of GDPFinland27.3Romania: 27.1 % of GDPRomania27.1Sweden: 26.9 % of GDPSweden26.9Malta: 26.4 % of GDPMalta26.4Croatia: 26.2 % of GDPCroatia26.2Denmark: 24.8 % of GDPDenmark24.8Latvia: 24.7 % of GDPLatvia24.7Italy: 24.6 % of GDPItaly24.6Slovenia: 24.6 % of GDPSlovenia24.6France: 24 % of GDPFrance24Slovakia: 23.3 % of GDPSlovakia23.3Germany: 23.3 % of GDPGermany23.3Ireland: 22.9 % of GDPIreland22.9Netherlands: 22.9 % of GDPNetherlands22.9Spain: 22.7 % of GDPSpain22.7Bulgaria: 22.7 % of GDPBulgaria22.7Poland: 22.1 % of GDPPoland22.1Portugal: 21.4 % of GDPPortugal21.4Cyprus: 20.6 % of GDPCyprus20.6Greece: 18.8 % of GDPGreece18.8Luxembourg: 17 % of GDPLuxembourg17Hungary: 34.3 % of GDPHungary34.3Czechia: 31 % of GDPCzechia31Austria: 29.2 % of GDPAustria29.2Estonia: 27.9 % of GDPEstonia27.9Lithuania: 27.8 % of GDPLithuania27.8Belgium: 27.4 % of GDPBelgium27.4Finland: 27.3 % of GDPFinland27.3Romania: 27.1 % of GDPRomania27.1Sweden: 26.9 % of GDPSweden26.9Malta: 26.4 % of GDPMalta26.4Croatia: 26.2 % of GDPCroatia26.2Denmark: 24.8 % of GDPDenmark24.8Latvia: 24.7 % of GDPLatvia24.7Italy: 24.6 % of GDPItaly24.6Slovenia: 24.6 % of GDPSlovenia24.6France: 24 % of GDPFrance24Slovakia: 23.3 % of GDPSlovakia23.3Germany: 23.3 % of GDPGermany23.3Ireland: 22.9 % of GDPIreland22.9Netherlands: 22.9 % of GDPNetherlands22.9Spain: 22.7 % of GDPSpain22.7Bulgaria: 22.7 % of GDPBulgaria22.7Poland: 22.1 % of GDPPoland22.1Portugal: 21.4 % of GDPPortugal21.4Cyprus: 20.6 % of GDPCyprus20.6Greece: 18.8 % of GDPGreece18.8Luxembourg: 17 % of GDPLuxembourg17
% of GDP. Source: World Bank, Gross capital formation (% of GDP) (NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS). Retrieved 2026-10-18.

Full ranking

RankEU countries2022
% of GDP		Change on 2021
1Hungary34.3+3.3 pts
2Czechia31+2.9 pts
3Austria29.2+1.6 pts
4Estonia27.9-3 pts
5Lithuania27.8+5.9 pts
6Belgium27.4+2.9 pts
7Finland27.3+2.5 pts
8Romania27.1+0.6 pts
9Sweden26.9+1.7 pts
10Malta26.4+3.3 pts
11Croatia26.2+4.4 pts
12Denmark24.8+0.8 pts
13Latvia24.7-1.1 pts
14Italy24.6+2.6 pts
15Slovenia24.6+2.8 pts
16France24+0.6 pts
17Slovakia23.3+0.6 pts
18Germany23.3+0.6 pts
19Ireland22.9-0.1 pts
20Netherlands22.9+0.7 pts
21Spain22.7+0.8 pts
22Bulgaria22.7+2 pts
23Poland22.1+0.2 pts
24Portugal21.4+0.4 pts
25Cyprus20.6+0.9 pts
26Greece18.8+1.3 pts
27Luxembourg17-1.7 pts

Other periods

About this ranking

Acquisitions less disposals of produced assets for fixed capital formation, inventories or valuables, as a percentage of GDP. World Bank national accounts data, compiled from national statistical offices and central banks and from OECD national accounts files.

Includes the change in inventories, so it can be negative in a year when stocks are run down. For investment in fixed assets alone see gross_fixed_capital_formation_gdp. Current prices, so the share moves with relative prices as well as volumes. Countries that rebase their national accounts can shift it by several points. The latest year varies by country.

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the EU countries are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

World Bank, World Development Indicators. Gross capital formation (% of GDP) (NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS). https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS. Retrieved 2026-10-18. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.

Citation styles

The publisher is the author. Invokely is named only as the place the figures were read, where a style asks for it.

APA 7

World Bank. (2026). Gross capital formation (% of GDP) (NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS) (EU countries by gross capital formation, share of GDP, 2022) [Data set]. Retrieved October 18, 2026, from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS

MLA 9

Gross capital formation (% of GDP) (NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS), EU countries by gross capital formation, share of GDP, 2022. World Bank, 8 Oct. 2026, https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS. Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/gross-capital-formation-gdp/eu-countries?period=2022. Accessed 18 Oct. 2026.

Chicago (author-date)

World Bank. 2026. Gross capital formation (% of GDP) (NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS). EU countries by gross capital formation, share of GDP, 2022. Dataset. Accessed October 18, 2026. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS. Also distributed by Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/gross-capital-formation-gdp/eu-countries?period=2022.

Harvard

World Bank (2026) Gross capital formation (% of GDP) (NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS), EU countries by gross capital formation, share of GDP, 2022 [Dataset]. Available at: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS, via Invokely: https://invokely.ai/rankings/gross-capital-formation-gdp/eu-countries?period=2022 (Accessed: 18 October 2026).

BibTeX
@misc{world_eu_countries_by_gross_2022,
  author = {{World Bank}},
  title = {{Gross capital formation (\% of GDP) (NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS): EU countries by gross capital formation, share of GDP, 2022}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {Data set},
  url = {https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS},
  urldate = {2026-10-18},
  note = {Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/gross-capital-formation-gdp/eu-countries?period=2022. Publisher attribution: World Bank, World Development Indicators. Gross capital formation (\% of GDP) (NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS). https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS. Retrieved 2026-10-18. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.},
}
RIS
TY  - DATA
AU  - World Bank
TI  - Gross capital formation (% of GDP) (NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS): EU countries by gross capital formation, share of GDP, 2022
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/08
PB  - World Bank
DB  - Invokely
UR  - https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS
L2  - https://invokely.ai/rankings/gross-capital-formation-gdp/eu-countries?period=2022
Y2  - 2026/10/18
N1  - Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/gross-capital-formation-gdp/eu-countries?period=2022.
N1  - Publisher attribution: World Bank, World Development Indicators. Gross capital formation (% of GDP) (NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS). https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS. Retrieved 2026-10-18. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.
ER  -
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Questions

Which EU country has the highest gross capital formation, share of GDP?

Hungary, with 34.3% of GDP in 2022, according to the World Bank.

Which EU country has the lowest gross capital formation, share of GDP?

Luxembourg, with 17% of GDP in 2022.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: World Bank, Gross capital formation (% of GDP) (NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS). Retrieved 2026-10-18.

Gross capital formation, share of GDP: other rankings

EU countries: more rankings