Data / Rankings / Gross capital formation, share of GDP / EU countries

EU countries by gross capital formation, share of GDP

Ireland had the highest gross capital formation, share of GDP of 27 EU countries in 2018, at 28.2% of GDP. Greece had the lowest, at 13% of GDP. The median was 22.5% of GDP. Source: the World Bank.

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Highest28.2Ireland
Lowest13Greece
Median22.527 EU countries

Map of EU countries, 2018

Austria: 25.9 % of GDPBelgium: 25.6 % of GDPBulgaria: 21.2 % of GDPCyprus: 18.9 % of GDPCzechia: 25.6 % of GDPGermany: 21.7 % of GDPDenmark: 22.5 % of GDPEstonia: 27.9 % of GDPSpain: 20.7 % of GDPFinland: 25.7 % of GDPFrance: 22.6 % of GDPGreece: 13 % of GDPCroatia: 22.5 % of GDPHungary: 27.1 % of GDPIreland: 28.2 % of GDPItaly: 18.7 % of GDPLithuania: 22.4 % of GDPLuxembourg: 17 % of GDPLatvia: 23.9 % of GDPMalta: 19.7 % of GDPNetherlands: 20.5 % of GDPPoland: 21.4 % of GDPPortugal: 18.5 % of GDPRomania: 23 % of GDPSweden: 25.3 % of GDPSlovenia: 21.6 % of GDPSlovakia: 24.2 % of GDP
  • Under 20
  • 20 to 22
  • 22 to 23
  • 23 to 26
  • 26 and over
% of GDP, 2018. Source: World Bank, Gross capital formation (% of GDP) (NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS). Boundaries: Natural Earth (public domain).

All EU countries, 2018

Ireland: 28.2 % of GDPIreland28.2Estonia: 27.9 % of GDPEstonia27.9Hungary: 27.1 % of GDPHungary27.1Austria: 25.9 % of GDPAustria25.9Finland: 25.7 % of GDPFinland25.7Czechia: 25.6 % of GDPCzechia25.6Belgium: 25.6 % of GDPBelgium25.6Sweden: 25.3 % of GDPSweden25.3Slovakia: 24.2 % of GDPSlovakia24.2Latvia: 23.9 % of GDPLatvia23.9Romania: 23 % of GDPRomania23France: 22.6 % of GDPFrance22.6Denmark: 22.5 % of GDPDenmark22.5Croatia: 22.5 % of GDPCroatia22.5Lithuania: 22.4 % of GDPLithuania22.4Germany: 21.7 % of GDPGermany21.7Slovenia: 21.6 % of GDPSlovenia21.6Poland: 21.4 % of GDPPoland21.4Bulgaria: 21.2 % of GDPBulgaria21.2Spain: 20.7 % of GDPSpain20.7Netherlands: 20.5 % of GDPNetherlands20.5Malta: 19.7 % of GDPMalta19.7Cyprus: 18.9 % of GDPCyprus18.9Italy: 18.7 % of GDPItaly18.7Portugal: 18.5 % of GDPPortugal18.5Luxembourg: 17 % of GDPLuxembourg17Greece: 13 % of GDPGreece13Ireland: 28.2 % of GDPIreland28.2Estonia: 27.9 % of GDPEstonia27.9Hungary: 27.1 % of GDPHungary27.1Austria: 25.9 % of GDPAustria25.9Finland: 25.7 % of GDPFinland25.7Czechia: 25.6 % of GDPCzechia25.6Belgium: 25.6 % of GDPBelgium25.6Sweden: 25.3 % of GDPSweden25.3Slovakia: 24.2 % of GDPSlovakia24.2Latvia: 23.9 % of GDPLatvia23.9Romania: 23 % of GDPRomania23France: 22.6 % of GDPFrance22.6Denmark: 22.5 % of GDPDenmark22.5Croatia: 22.5 % of GDPCroatia22.5Lithuania: 22.4 % of GDPLithuania22.4Germany: 21.7 % of GDPGermany21.7Slovenia: 21.6 % of GDPSlovenia21.6Poland: 21.4 % of GDPPoland21.4Bulgaria: 21.2 % of GDPBulgaria21.2Spain: 20.7 % of GDPSpain20.7Netherlands: 20.5 % of GDPNetherlands20.5Malta: 19.7 % of GDPMalta19.7Cyprus: 18.9 % of GDPCyprus18.9Italy: 18.7 % of GDPItaly18.7Portugal: 18.5 % of GDPPortugal18.5Luxembourg: 17 % of GDPLuxembourg17Greece: 13 % of GDPGreece13
% of GDP. Source: World Bank, Gross capital formation (% of GDP) (NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS). Retrieved 2026-10-18.

Full ranking

RankEU countries2018
% of GDP		Change on 2017
1Ireland28.2-5.9 pts
2Estonia27.9+1.9 pts
3Hungary27.1+3.8 pts
4Austria25.9+0.9 pts
5Finland25.7+1.4 pts
6Czechia25.6+0.6 pts
7Belgium25.6+1.2 pts
8Sweden25.3+0.2 pts
9Slovakia24.2+0.6 pts
10Latvia23.9+1.2 pts
11Romania23-0.9 pts
12France22.6+0.4 pts
13Denmark22.5+0.6 pts
14Croatia22.5+1.6 pts
15Lithuania22.4+1.9 pts
16Germany21.7+1 pts
17Slovenia21.6+1.3 pts
18Poland21.4+1.5 pts
19Bulgaria21.2+1.3 pts
20Spain20.7+1.1 pts
21Netherlands20.5+0.3 pts
22Malta19.7+0.5 pts
23Cyprus18.9-1.4 pts
24Italy18.7+0.5 pts
25Portugal18.5+1.1 pts
26Luxembourg17-1.9 pts
27Greece13+1.1 pts

Other periods

About this ranking

Acquisitions less disposals of produced assets for fixed capital formation, inventories or valuables, as a percentage of GDP. World Bank national accounts data, compiled from national statistical offices and central banks and from OECD national accounts files.

Includes the change in inventories, so it can be negative in a year when stocks are run down. For investment in fixed assets alone see gross_fixed_capital_formation_gdp. Current prices, so the share moves with relative prices as well as volumes. Countries that rebase their national accounts can shift it by several points. The latest year varies by country.

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the EU countries are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

World Bank, World Development Indicators. Gross capital formation (% of GDP) (NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS). https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS. Retrieved 2026-10-18. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.

Citation styles

The publisher is the author. Invokely is named only as the place the figures were read, where a style asks for it.

APA 7

World Bank. (2026). Gross capital formation (% of GDP) (NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS) (EU countries by gross capital formation, share of GDP, 2018) [Data set]. Retrieved October 18, 2026, from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS

MLA 9

Gross capital formation (% of GDP) (NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS), EU countries by gross capital formation, share of GDP, 2018. World Bank, 8 Oct. 2026, https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS. Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/gross-capital-formation-gdp/eu-countries?period=2018. Accessed 18 Oct. 2026.

Chicago (author-date)

World Bank. 2026. Gross capital formation (% of GDP) (NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS). EU countries by gross capital formation, share of GDP, 2018. Dataset. Accessed October 18, 2026. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS. Also distributed by Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/gross-capital-formation-gdp/eu-countries?period=2018.

Harvard

World Bank (2026) Gross capital formation (% of GDP) (NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS), EU countries by gross capital formation, share of GDP, 2018 [Dataset]. Available at: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS, via Invokely: https://invokely.ai/rankings/gross-capital-formation-gdp/eu-countries?period=2018 (Accessed: 18 October 2026).

BibTeX
@misc{world_eu_countries_by_gross_2018,
  author = {{World Bank}},
  title = {{Gross capital formation (\% of GDP) (NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS): EU countries by gross capital formation, share of GDP, 2018}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {Data set},
  url = {https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS},
  urldate = {2026-10-18},
  note = {Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/gross-capital-formation-gdp/eu-countries?period=2018. Publisher attribution: World Bank, World Development Indicators. Gross capital formation (\% of GDP) (NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS). https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS. Retrieved 2026-10-18. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.},
}
RIS
TY  - DATA
AU  - World Bank
TI  - Gross capital formation (% of GDP) (NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS): EU countries by gross capital formation, share of GDP, 2018
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/08
PB  - World Bank
DB  - Invokely
UR  - https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS
L2  - https://invokely.ai/rankings/gross-capital-formation-gdp/eu-countries?period=2018
Y2  - 2026/10/18
N1  - Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/gross-capital-formation-gdp/eu-countries?period=2018.
N1  - Publisher attribution: World Bank, World Development Indicators. Gross capital formation (% of GDP) (NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS). https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS. Retrieved 2026-10-18. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.
ER  -
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Questions

Which EU country has the highest gross capital formation, share of GDP?

Ireland, with 28.2% of GDP in 2018, according to the World Bank.

Which EU country has the lowest gross capital formation, share of GDP?

Greece, with 13% of GDP in 2018.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: World Bank, Gross capital formation (% of GDP) (NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS). Retrieved 2026-10-18.

Gross capital formation, share of GDP: other rankings

EU countries: more rankings