Data / Rankings / Foreign direct investment, net inflows / EU countries

EU countries by foreign direct investment, net inflows

Malta had the highest foreign direct investment, net inflows of 27 EU countries in 2023, at 108.74% of GDP. Cyprus had the lowest, at -63.15% of GDP. The median was 2.06% of GDP. Source: the World Bank.

Highest108.74Malta
Lowest-63.15Cyprus
Median2.0627 EU countries

All EU countries, 2023

Malta: 108.74 % of GDPMalta108.74Estonia: 12.53 % of GDPEstonia12.53Bulgaria: 5.06 % of GDPBulgaria5.06Lithuania: 4.77 % of GDPLithuania4.77Poland: 4.39 % of GDPPoland4.39Latvia: 3.96 % of GDPLatvia3.96Portugal: 3.96 % of GDPPortugal3.96Croatia: 3.9 % of GDPCroatia3.9Czechia: 3.45 % of GDPCzechia3.45Sweden: 3.23 % of GDPSweden3.23Spain: 2.9 % of GDPSpain2.9Romania: 2.5 % of GDPRomania2.5Slovenia: 2.09 % of GDPSlovenia2.09Denmark: 2.06 % of GDPDenmark2.06Germany: 1.99 % of GDPGermany1.99Greece: 1.94 % of GDPGreece1.94Italy: 1.81 % of GDPItaly1.81France: 0.88 % of GDPFrance0.88Austria: 0.57 % of GDPAustria0.57Slovakia: 0.39 % of GDPSlovakia0.39Finland: -0.04 % of GDPFinland-0.04Belgium: -0.65 % of GDPBelgium-0.65Luxembourg: -9.66 % of GDPLuxembourg-9.66Ireland: -24.67 % of GDPIreland-24.67Netherlands: -30.25 % of GDPNetherlands-30.25Hungary: -33.28 % of GDPHungary-33.28Cyprus: -63.15 % of GDPCyprus-63.15
% of GDP. Source: World Bank, Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) (BX.KLT.DINV.WD.GD.ZS). Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Full ranking

RankEU countries2023
% of GDP		Change on 2022
1Malta108.74-6.25 pts
2Estonia12.53+8 pts
3Bulgaria5.06-0.19 pts
4Lithuania4.77+1.34 pts
5Poland4.39-1.62 pts
6Latvia3.96+0.77 pts
7Portugal3.96-1.13 pts
8Croatia3.9-1.61 pts
9Czechia3.45+0.42 pts
10Sweden3.23-6.13 pts
11Spain2.9-1.76 pts
12Romania2.5-1.38 pts
13Slovenia2.09-1.55 pts
14Denmark2.06-4.84 pts
15Germany1.99+0.17 pts
16Greece1.94-1.75 pts
17Italy1.81-1.13 pts
18France0.88-3.14 pts
19Austria0.57-2.46 pts
20Slovakia0.39-3.77 pts
21Finland-0.04-4.71 pts
22Belgium-0.65-2.87 pts
23Luxembourg-9.66+366.4 pts
24Ireland-24.67-18.18 pts
25Netherlands-30.25-31.92 pts
26Hungary-33.28-32.23 pts
27Cyprus-63.15-63.33 pts

Other periods

About this ranking

Net foreign investment inflows to acquire a lasting management interest of at least 10% of voting stock, as a percentage of GDP. Includes equity, reinvested earnings and other capital recorded in the balance of payments.

Net inflows subtract disinvestment from new investment. Negative values indicate net disinvestment; zero is a valid net balance. Flows can exceed GDP, particularly in financial centers. The latest year varies by country.

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the EU countries are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

World Bank, World Development Indicators. Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) (BX.KLT.DINV.WD.GD.ZS). https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/BX.KLT.DINV.WD.GD.ZS. Retrieved 2026-10-12. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.

Citation styles

The publisher is the author. Invokely is named only as the place the figures were read, where a style asks for it.

APA 7

World Bank. (2026). Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) (BX.KLT.DINV.WD.GD.ZS) (EU countries by foreign direct investment, net inflows, 2023) [Data set]. Retrieved October 12, 2026, from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/BX.KLT.DINV.WD.GD.ZS

MLA 9

Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) (BX.KLT.DINV.WD.GD.ZS), EU countries by foreign direct investment, net inflows, 2023. World Bank, 8 Oct. 2026, https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/BX.KLT.DINV.WD.GD.ZS. Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/fdi-net-inflows-gdp/eu-countries?period=2023. Accessed 12 Oct. 2026.

Chicago (author-date)

World Bank. 2026. Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) (BX.KLT.DINV.WD.GD.ZS). EU countries by foreign direct investment, net inflows, 2023. Dataset. Accessed October 12, 2026. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/BX.KLT.DINV.WD.GD.ZS. Also distributed by Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/fdi-net-inflows-gdp/eu-countries?period=2023.

Harvard

World Bank (2026) Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) (BX.KLT.DINV.WD.GD.ZS), EU countries by foreign direct investment, net inflows, 2023 [Dataset]. Available at: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/BX.KLT.DINV.WD.GD.ZS, via Invokely: https://invokely.ai/rankings/fdi-net-inflows-gdp/eu-countries?period=2023 (Accessed: 12 October 2026).

BibTeX
@misc{world_eu_countries_by_foreign_2023,
  author = {{World Bank}},
  title = {{Foreign direct investment, net inflows (\% of GDP) (BX.KLT.DINV.WD.GD.ZS): EU countries by foreign direct investment, net inflows, 2023}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {Data set},
  url = {https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/BX.KLT.DINV.WD.GD.ZS},
  urldate = {2026-10-12},
  note = {Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/fdi-net-inflows-gdp/eu-countries?period=2023. Publisher attribution: World Bank, World Development Indicators. Foreign direct investment, net inflows (\% of GDP) (BX.KLT.DINV.WD.GD.ZS). https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/BX.KLT.DINV.WD.GD.ZS. Retrieved 2026-10-12. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.},
}
RIS
TY  - DATA
AU  - World Bank
TI  - Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) (BX.KLT.DINV.WD.GD.ZS): EU countries by foreign direct investment, net inflows, 2023
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/08
PB  - World Bank
DB  - Invokely
UR  - https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/BX.KLT.DINV.WD.GD.ZS
L2  - https://invokely.ai/rankings/fdi-net-inflows-gdp/eu-countries?period=2023
Y2  - 2026/10/12
N1  - Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/fdi-net-inflows-gdp/eu-countries?period=2023.
N1  - Publisher attribution: World Bank, World Development Indicators. Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) (BX.KLT.DINV.WD.GD.ZS). https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/BX.KLT.DINV.WD.GD.ZS. Retrieved 2026-10-12. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.
ER  -
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Questions

Which EU country has the highest foreign direct investment, net inflows?

Malta, with 108.74% of GDP in 2023, according to the World Bank.

Which EU country has the lowest foreign direct investment, net inflows?

Cyprus, with -63.15% of GDP in 2023.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: World Bank, Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) (BX.KLT.DINV.WD.GD.ZS). Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Foreign direct investment, net inflows: other rankings

EU countries: more rankings