Data / Income and living conditions / The EU

Income and living conditions in the EU

The latest figures for 7 indicators in the EU, how the EU countries compare, and the source of each figure.

Figures last updated on 2026-10-12.

Household disposable income per inhabitant

Household disposable income per inhabitant in the EU was €21,000 in 2023, up 7.1% from 2022.

Of 27 EU countries in 2023, Luxembourg had the highest household disposable income per inhabitant (€39,700) and Bulgaria the lowest (€8,000).

European Union (27), 2023€21,000Up 7.1% from 2022History
Highest, 2023€39,700Luxembourg
Lowest, 2023€8,000Bulgaria
Luxembourg: 39,700 EURLuxembourg39,700Austria: 28,300 EURAustria28,300Germany: 28,200 EURGermany28,200Ireland: 28,000 EURIreland28,000Belgium: 27,800 EURBelgium27,800Denmark: 27,200 EURDenmark27,200Netherlands: 26,600 EURNetherlands26,600Finland: 24,700 EURFinland24,700France: 24,400 EURFrance24,400Sweden: 23,900 EURSweden23,900
Top 10 EU countries, 2023. EUR. Source: Eurostat, European Commission.

Highest and lowest EU countries

Full ranking of EU countries. Sources: Eurostat, European Commission, Income of households by NUTS 2 region, net disposable income, EUR per inhabitant (nama_10r_2hhinc).

Average full-time adjusted annual salary

Average full-time adjusted annual salary in the EU was €39,808 in 2024, up 5.2% from 2023.

Of 26 EU countries in 2024, Luxembourg had the highest average full-time adjusted annual salary (€82,969) and Bulgaria the lowest (€15,387).

European Union (27), 2024€39,808Up 5.2% from 2023History
Highest, 2024€82,969Luxembourg
Lowest, 2024€15,387Bulgaria
Luxembourg: 82,969 EURLuxembourg82,969Denmark: 71,565 EURDenmark71,565Ireland: 61,051 EURIreland61,051Belgium: 59,632 EURBelgium59,632Austria: 58,600 EURAustria58,600Germany: 53,791 EURGermany53,791Finland: 49,428 EURFinland49,428Sweden: 46,525 EURSweden46,525France: 43,790 EURFrance43,790Slovenia: 35,133 EURSlovenia35,133
Top 10 EU countries, 2024. EUR. Source: Eurostat, European Commission.

Highest and lowest EU countries

Full ranking of EU countries. Sources: Eurostat, European Commission, Average full time adjusted salary per employee, euro (nama_10_fte).

At-risk-of-poverty rate

At-risk-of-poverty rate in the EU was 16.3% in 2025, up 0.1 percentage points from 2024.

Of 27 EU countries in 2025, Lithuania had the highest at-risk-of-poverty rate (22.6%) and Czechia the lowest (9.6%).

European Union (27), 202516.3%Up 0.1 percentage points from 2024History
Highest, 202522.6%Lithuania
Lowest, 20259.6%Czechia
Lithuania: 22.6 %Lithuania22.6Latvia: 22 %Latvia22Bulgaria: 21.2 %Bulgaria21.2Greece: 19.6 %Greece19.6Croatia: 19.5 %Croatia19.5Estonia: 19.5 %Estonia19.5Spain: 19.5 %Spain19.5Italy: 18.6 %Italy18.6Romania: 18.4 %Romania18.4Malta: 16.9 %Malta16.9
Top 10 EU countries, 2025. %. Source: Eurostat, European Commission.

Highest and lowest EU countries

Full ranking of EU countries. Sources: Eurostat, European Commission, At-risk-of-poverty rate (ilc_li02).

Gini index

Gini index in the EU was 29.2 in 2025, down 0.2 points from 2024.

Of 27 EU countries in 2025, Bulgaria had the highest Gini index (37.7) and Slovakia the lowest (23).

European Union (27), 202529.2Down 0.2 points from 2024History
Highest, 202537.7Bulgaria
Lowest, 202523Slovakia
Bulgaria: 37.7 indexBulgaria37.7Latvia: 35.6 indexLatvia35.6Lithuania: 35.5 indexLithuania35.5Greece: 31.6 indexGreece31.6Cyprus: 31.2 indexCyprus31.2Italy: 31 indexItaly31Estonia: 30.9 indexEstonia30.9Portugal: 30.9 indexPortugal30.9Spain: 30.8 indexSpain30.8Luxembourg: 30.5 indexLuxembourg30.5
Top 10 EU countries, 2025. index. Source: Eurostat, European Commission.

Highest and lowest EU countries

Full ranking of EU countries. Sources: Eurostat, European Commission, Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income (ilc_di12).

Severe material and social deprivation rate

Severe material and social deprivation rate in the EU was 6.3% in 2025, down 0.1 percentage points from 2024.

Of 27 EU countries in 2025, Romania had the highest severe material and social deprivation rate (16.8%) and Slovenia the lowest (1.9%).

European Union (27), 20256.3%Down 0.1 percentage points from 2024History
Highest, 202516.8%Romania
Lowest, 20251.9%Slovenia

Highest and lowest EU countries

Full ranking of EU countries. Sources: Eurostat, European Commission, Severe material and social deprivation rate, total population (ilc_mdsd11).

People unable to face unexpected expenses

People unable to face unexpected expenses in the EU was 29.2% in 2025, down 0.8 percentage points from 2024.

Of 27 EU countries in 2025, Greece had the highest people unable to face unexpected expenses (50.5%) and the Netherlands the lowest (15.3%).

European Union (27), 202529.2%Down 0.8 percentage points from 2024History
Highest, 202550.5%Greece
Lowest, 202515.3%Netherlands

Highest and lowest EU countries

Full ranking of EU countries. Sources: Eurostat, European Commission, Inability to face unexpected financial expenses, total population, all household types and incomes (ilc_mdes04).

Household disposable income per inhabitant in PPS

Household disposable income per inhabitant in PPS in the EU was 21,000 PPS in 2023, up 7.1% from 2022.

Of 27 EU countries in 2023, Luxembourg had the highest household disposable income per inhabitant in PPS (30,100 PPS) and Latvia the lowest (13,300 PPS).

European Union (27), 202321,000 PPSUp 7.1% from 2022History
Highest, 202330,100 PPSLuxembourg
Lowest, 202313,300 PPSLatvia

Highest and lowest EU countries

Full ranking of EU countries. Sources: Eurostat, European Commission, Income of households by NUTS 2 region, net disposable income, PPS per inhabitant (nama_10r_2hhinc).

Sources and citations

Each figure comes from the table cited here. Cite the publisher; these citations include any notice the publisher requires.

  1. Eurostat. Income of households by NUTS 2 region, net disposable income, EUR per inhabitant (nama_10r_2hhinc). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nama_10r_2hhinc/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-09.
  2. Eurostat. Average full time adjusted salary per employee, euro (nama_10_fte). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nama_10_fte/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
  3. Eurostat. At-risk-of-poverty rate (ilc_li02). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ilc_li02/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-07.
  4. Eurostat. Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income (ilc_di12). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ilc_di12/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-07.
  5. Eurostat. Severe material and social deprivation rate, total population (ilc_mdsd11). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ilc_mdsd11/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
  6. Eurostat. Inability to face unexpected financial expenses, total population, all household types and incomes (ilc_mdes04). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ilc_mdes04/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
  7. Eurostat. Income of households by NUTS 2 region, net disposable income, PPS per inhabitant (nama_10r_2hhinc). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nama_10r_2hhinc/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-09.

Income and living conditions in other areas

More topics for the EU

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