Data / Economy / The EU

Economy in the EU

The latest figures for 8 indicators in the EU, how the EU countries compare, and the source of each figure.

Figures last updated on 2026-10-11.

Gross domestic product (GDP), US dollars

Of 27 EU countries in 2025, Germany had the highest GDP ($5.05 trillion) and Malta the lowest ($27.77 billion).

Highest, 2025$5.05 trillionGermany
Lowest, 2025$27.77 billionMalta
Germany: 5,050,922.9 USD millionGermany5,050,922.9France: 3,366,315.9 USD millionFrance3,366,315.9Italy: 2,551,557 USD millionItaly2,551,557Spain: 1,906,453.3 USD millionSpain1,906,453.3Netherlands: 1,332,767.7 USD millionNetherlands1,332,767.7Poland: 1,035,491.8 USD millionPoland1,035,491.8Belgium: 725,466.5 USD millionBelgium725,466.5Ireland: 721,701.4 USD millionIreland721,701.4Sweden: 668,998.7 USD millionSweden668,998.7Austria: 579,470 USD millionAustria579,470
Top 10 EU countries, 2025. USD million. Source: World Bank.

Highest and lowest EU countries

Full ranking of EU countries. Sources: World Bank, GDP, current US$ (NY.GDP.MKTP.CD).

Gross domestic product (GDP)

GDP (euros) in the EU was €18.86 trillion in 2025, up 4.2% from 2024.

Of 27 EU countries in 2025, Germany had the highest GDP (€4.53 trillion) and Malta the lowest (€24.66 billion).

European Union (27), 2025€18.86 trillionUp 4.2% from 2024History
Highest, 2025€4.53 trillionGermany
Lowest, 2025€24.66 billionMalta
Germany: 4,529,710 EUR millionGermany4,529,710France: 2,991,056 EUR millionFrance2,991,056Italy: 2,265,003 EUR millionItaly2,265,003Spain: 1,690,012 EUR millionSpain1,690,012Netherlands: 1,170,579 EUR millionNetherlands1,170,579Poland: 923,507 EUR millionPoland923,507Belgium: 642,015 EUR millionBelgium642,015Ireland: 602,441 EUR millionIreland602,441Sweden: 600,391 EUR millionSweden600,391Austria: 518,196 EUR millionAustria518,196
Top 10 EU countries, 2025. EUR million. Source: Eurostat, European Commission.

Highest and lowest EU countries

Full ranking of EU countries. Sources: Eurostat, European Commission, GDP and main components, current prices (nama_10_gdp).

GDP per capita, US dollars

Of 27 EU countries in 2025, Luxembourg had the highest GDP per capita ($147,252) and Bulgaria the lowest ($20,328).

Highest, 2025$147,252Luxembourg
Lowest, 2025$20,328Bulgaria
Luxembourg: 147,252 USDLuxembourg147,252Ireland: 131,592 USDIreland131,592Denmark: 76,970 USDDenmark76,970Netherlands: 73,684 USDNetherlands73,684Sweden: 63,133 USDSweden63,133Austria: 62,930 USDAustria62,930Belgium: 60,750 USDBelgium60,750Germany: 60,496 USDGermany60,496Finland: 56,149 USDFinland56,149France: 48,986 USDFrance48,986
Top 10 EU countries, 2025. USD. Source: World Bank.

Highest and lowest EU countries

Full ranking of EU countries. Sources: World Bank, GDP per capita, current US$ (NY.GDP.PCAP.CD).

GDP per capita

GDP per capita (euros) in the EU was €41,700 in 2025, up 4% from 2024.

Of 27 EU countries in 2025, Luxembourg had the highest GDP per capita (€132,950) and Bulgaria the lowest (€18,060).

European Union (27), 2025€41,700Up 4% from 2024History
Highest, 2025€132,950Luxembourg
Lowest, 2025€18,060Bulgaria
Luxembourg: 132,950 EURLuxembourg132,950Ireland: 110,150 EURIreland110,150Denmark: 69,550 EURDenmark69,550Netherlands: 64,710 EURNetherlands64,710Austria: 56,300 EURAustria56,300Sweden: 56,250 EURSweden56,250Germany: 54,240 EURGermany54,240Belgium: 53,930 EURBelgium53,930Finland: 49,870 EURFinland49,870France: 43,350 EURFrance43,350
Top 10 EU countries, 2025. EUR. Source: Eurostat, European Commission.

Highest and lowest EU countries

Full ranking of EU countries. Sources: Eurostat, European Commission, Main GDP aggregates per capita (nama_10_pc).

Real GDP growth

Real GDP growth in the EU was 1.4% in 2025, up 0.1 percentage points from 2024.

Of 27 EU countries in 2025, Ireland had the highest real GDP growth (8%) and Germany the lowest (0.2%).

European Union (27), 20251.4%Up 0.1 percentage points from 2024History
Highest, 20258%Ireland
Lowest, 20250.2%Germany

Highest and lowest EU countries

Full ranking of EU countries. Sources: Eurostat, European Commission, GDP and main components, chain-linked volumes, percentage change (nama_10_gdp).

GDP per capita, PPP (international dollars)

Of 27 EU countries in 2025, Luxembourg had the highest GDP per capita (156,542 international $) and Bulgaria the lowest (44,451 international $).

Highest, 2025156,542 international $Luxembourg
Lowest, 202544,451 international $Bulgaria

Highest and lowest EU countries

Full ranking of EU countries. Sources: World Bank, GDP per capita, PPP (current international $) (NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD).

GDP per capita in PPS (EU27 = 100)

GDP per capita in purchasing power (EU = 100) in the EU was 100% in 2024, unchanged from 2023.

Of 27 EU countries in 2024, Luxembourg had the highest GDP per capita in purchasing power (245%) and Bulgaria the lowest (66%).

European Union (27), 2024100%Unchanged from 2023History
Highest, 2024245%Luxembourg
Lowest, 202466%Bulgaria

Highest and lowest EU countries

Full ranking of EU countries. Sources: Eurostat, European Commission, GDP per inhabitant in PPS, EU27 = 100, by NUTS 3 region (nama_10r_3gdp).

Trade as a share of GDP

Of 27 EU countries in 2025, Luxembourg had the highest trade as a share of GDP (349.9%) and Italy the lowest (62.5%).

Highest, 2025349.9%Luxembourg
Lowest, 202562.5%Italy

Highest and lowest EU countries

Full ranking of EU countries. Sources: World Bank, Trade, % of GDP (NE.TRD.GNFS.ZS).

Sources and citations

Each figure comes from the table cited here. Cite the publisher; these citations include any notice the publisher requires.

  1. World Bank, World Development Indicators. GDP, current US$ (NY.GDP.MKTP.CD). https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD. Retrieved 2026-10-09. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.
  2. Eurostat. GDP and main components, current prices (nama_10_gdp). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nama_10_gdp/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-07.
  3. World Bank, World Development Indicators. GDP per capita, current US$ (NY.GDP.PCAP.CD). https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD. Retrieved 2026-10-09. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.
  4. Eurostat. Main GDP aggregates per capita (nama_10_pc). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nama_10_pc/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-07.
  5. Eurostat. GDP and main components, chain-linked volumes, percentage change (nama_10_gdp). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nama_10_gdp/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-07.
  6. World Bank, World Development Indicators. GDP per capita, PPP (current international $) (NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD). https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD. Retrieved 2026-10-11. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.
  7. Eurostat. GDP per inhabitant in PPS, EU27 = 100, by NUTS 3 region (nama_10r_3gdp). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nama_10r_3gdp/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-07.
  8. World Bank, World Development Indicators. Trade, % of GDP (NE.TRD.GNFS.ZS). https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NE.TRD.GNFS.ZS. Retrieved 2026-10-11. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.

Economy in other areas

More topics for the EU

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