Data / Health / The EU

Health in the EU

The latest figures for 7 indicators in the EU, how the EU countries compare, and the source of each figure.

Figures last updated on 2026-10-12.

Infant mortality rate

Infant mortality rate in the EU was 3.5 per 1,000 live births in 2024, up 0.2 per 1,000 live births from 2023.

Of 27 EU countries in 2024, Romania had the highest infant mortality rate (6.6 per 1,000 live births) and Estonia the lowest (1.4 per 1,000 live births).

European Union (27), 20243.5 per 1,000 live birthsUp 0.2 per 1,000 live births from 2023History
Highest, 20246.6 per 1,000 live birthsRomania
Lowest, 20241.4 per 1,000 live birthsEstonia
Romania: 6.6 per 1,000 live birthsRomania6.6Slovakia: 5.9 per 1,000 live birthsSlovakia5.9Luxembourg: 5.3 per 1,000 live birthsLuxembourg5.3Malta: 5 per 1,000 live birthsMalta5Bulgaria: 4.5 per 1,000 live birthsBulgaria4.5Denmark: 4.3 per 1,000 live birthsDenmark4.3France: 4.1 per 1,000 live birthsFrance4.1Hungary: 3.8 per 1,000 live birthsHungary3.8Greece: 3.7 per 1,000 live birthsGreece3.7Poland: 3.6 per 1,000 live birthsPoland3.6
Top 10 EU countries, 2024. per 1,000 live births. Source: Eurostat, European Commission.

Highest and lowest EU countries

Full ranking of EU countries. Sources: Eurostat, European Commission, Infant mortality rates (demo_minfind).

Adult obesity rate, age-standardized

Of 27 EU countries in 2024, Romania had the highest adult obesity rate (32.4%) and France the lowest (11.2%).

Highest, 202432.4%Romania
Lowest, 202411.2%France
Romania: 32.4 %Romania32.4Hungary: 31.4 %Hungary31.4Croatia: 30.8 %Croatia30.8Malta: 30.6 %Malta30.6Ireland: 27.9 %Ireland27.9Greece: 27.4 %Greece27.4Czechia: 26.3 %Czechia26.3Slovakia: 26.1 %Slovakia26.1Finland: 24.2 %Finland24.2Latvia: 22.3 %Latvia22.3
Top 10 EU countries, 2024. %. Source: World Health Organization.

Highest and lowest EU countries

Full ranking of EU countries. Sources: World Health Organization, Age-standardized prevalence of obesity among adults (18+ years), both sexes (NCD_BMI_30A).

Age-standardised death rate, all causes

Age-standardised death rate in the EU (all causes) was 963.4 per 100,000 people in 2023, down 75.7 per 100,000 people from 2022.

Of 27 EU countries in 2023, Bulgaria had the highest age-standardised death rate (1,455.3 per 100,000 people) and Spain the lowest (774.4 per 100,000 people).

European Union (27), 2023963.4 per 100,000 peopleDown 75.7 per 100,000 people from 2022History
Highest, 20231,455.3 per 100,000 peopleBulgaria
Lowest, 2023774.4 per 100,000 peopleSpain
Bulgaria: 1,455.3 per 100,000 peopleBulgaria1,455.3Hungary: 1,412.4 per 100,000 peopleHungary1,412.4Latvia: 1,391.8 per 100,000 peopleLatvia1,391.8Romania: 1,376.1 per 100,000 peopleRomania1,376.1Croatia: 1,285.3 per 100,000 peopleCroatia1,285.3Lithuania: 1,240.6 per 100,000 peopleLithuania1,240.6Slovakia: 1,215.6 per 100,000 peopleSlovakia1,215.6Poland: 1,182.2 per 100,000 peoplePoland1,182.2Czechia: 1,124.8 per 100,000 peopleCzechia1,124.8Estonia: 1,106 per 100,000 peopleEstonia1,106
Top 10 EU countries, 2023. per 100,000 people. Source: Eurostat, European Commission.

Highest and lowest EU countries

Full ranking of EU countries. Sources: Eurostat, European Commission, Causes of death, standardised death rate by NUTS 2 region of residence, [object Object], ICD-10 TOTAL (hlth_cd_asdr2).

Health spending, share of GDP

Of 22 EU countries in 2025, Germany had the highest health spending (12.7% of GDP) and Luxembourg the lowest (5.9% of GDP).

Highest, 202512.7% of GDPGermany
Lowest, 20255.9% of GDPLuxembourg
Germany: 12.7 % of GDPGermany12.7Austria: 11.9 % of GDPAustria11.9France: 11.4 % of GDPFrance11.4Belgium: 11.2 % of GDPBelgium11.2Sweden: 10.9 % of GDPSweden10.9Finland: 10.6 % of GDPFinland10.6Portugal: 10.4 % of GDPPortugal10.4Netherlands: 10.2 % of GDPNetherlands10.2Slovenia: 9.7 % of GDPSlovenia9.7Denmark: 9.6 % of GDPDenmark9.6
Top 10 EU countries, 2025. % of GDP. Source: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.

Highest and lowest EU countries

Full ranking of EU countries. Sources: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, OECD Health expenditure and financing: current expenditure on health, all financing schemes, share of GDP (DSD_SHA@DF_SHA).

Under-five mortality rate

Of 27 EU countries in 2024, Romania had the highest under-five mortality rate (7.3 per 1,000 live births) and Estonia the lowest (2 per 1,000 live births).

Highest, 20247.3 per 1,000 live birthsRomania
Lowest, 20242 per 1,000 live birthsEstonia

Highest and lowest EU countries

Full ranking of EU countries. Sources: World Bank, Mortality rate, under-5, per 1,000 live births (SH.DYN.MORT).

Physicians per 10,000 people

Of 25 EU countries in 2023, Greece had the most physicians per 10,000 people (67.12 per 10,000 people) and Finland the fewest (28.75 per 10,000 people).

Highest, 202367.12 per 10,000 peopleGreece
Lowest, 202328.75 per 10,000 peopleFinland

Highest and lowest EU countries

Full ranking of EU countries. Sources: World Health Organization, Density of physicians (per 10 000 population) (HWF_0001).

Dentists per 10,000 people

Of 25 EU countries in 2023, Greece had the most dentists per 10,000 people (13.59 per 10,000 people) and Ireland the fewest (4.75 per 10,000 people).

Highest, 202313.59 per 10,000 peopleGreece
Lowest, 20234.75 per 10,000 peopleIreland

Highest and lowest EU countries

Full ranking of EU countries. Sources: World Health Organization, Density of dentistry personnel (per 10 000 population) (HWF_0010).

Sources and citations

Each figure comes from the table cited here. Cite the publisher; these citations include any notice the publisher requires.

  1. Eurostat. Infant mortality rates (demo_minfind). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/demo_minfind/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
  2. World Health Organization, data.who.int. Age-standardized prevalence of obesity among adults (18+ years), both sexes (NCD_BMI_30A) [Indicator]. https://data.who.int/indicators/i/C6262EC/BEFA58B (Accessed on 2026-10-12). Licensed under CC BY 4.0. No changes made to source values. WHO does not endorse Invokely or this use of the data.
  3. Eurostat. Causes of death, standardised death rate by NUTS 2 region of residence, [object Object], ICD-10 TOTAL (hlth_cd_asdr2). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/hlth_cd_asdr2/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
  4. OECD. OECD Health expenditure and financing: current expenditure on health, all financing schemes, share of GDP (DSD_SHA@DF_SHA). https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?df[ds]=dsDisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_SHA%40DF_SHA&df[ag]=OECD.ELS.HD. Accessed 2026-10-12. Data reuse terms and downstream attribution: https://www.oecd.org/en/about/terms-conditions.html
  5. World Bank, World Development Indicators, modelled estimate. Mortality rate, under-5, per 1,000 live births (SH.DYN.MORT). https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.DYN.MORT. Retrieved 2026-10-11. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.
  6. World Health Organization, data.who.int. Density of physicians (per 10 000 population) (HWF_0001) [Indicator]. https://data.who.int/indicators/i/CCCEBB2/217795A (Accessed on 2026-10-12). Licensed under CC BY 4.0. No changes made to source values. WHO does not endorse Invokely or this use of the data.
  7. World Health Organization, data.who.int. Density of dentistry personnel (per 10 000 population) (HWF_0010) [Indicator]. https://data.who.int/indicators/i/C25EFD6/9F88C44 (Accessed on 2026-10-12). Licensed under CC BY 4.0. No changes made to source values. WHO does not endorse Invokely or this use of the data.

Health in other areas

More topics for the EU

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