US states by nonemployer businesses: other services

Texas had the highest nonemployer businesses: other services of 51 states in 2022, at 341,523. Alaska had the lowest, at 4,611. The median was 38,210 and the figure for the United States was 3.13 million. Source: the U.S. Census Bureau.

Highest341,523Texas

Lowest4,611Alaska

Median38,21051 states

United States3,132,683History

Map of states, 2022

Under 10K
10K to 23K
23K to 38K
38K to 55K
55K to 90K
90K and over

count, 2022. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), other services (NAICS 81), all legal forms. Boundaries: U.S. Census Bureau cartographic boundary files.

All states, 2022

count. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), other services (NAICS 81), all legal forms. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Full ranking

Rank	States	2022 count	Change on 2021
1	Texas Series break	341,523	+6.6%
2	California Series break	341,461	+6%
3	Florida Series break	340,276	+8.6%
4	Georgia Series break	160,552	+3.6%
5	New York Series break	154,093	+15.2%
6	Illinois Series break	117,227	+3.7%
7	North Carolina Series break	109,276	+7.7%
8	Michigan Series break	101,325	+7.5%
9	Ohio Series break	92,712	+4.8%
10	Pennsylvania Series break	83,988	+7.5%
11	Tennessee Series break	82,013	+3.6%
12	Virginia Series break	72,630	+7.7%
13	New Jersey Series break	61,536	+15.4%
14	Arizona Series break	60,090	+6.6%
15	Louisiana Series break	57,647	+0.1%
16	South Carolina Series break	57,139	+6.8%
17	Indiana Series break	56,216	+5.6%
18	Alabama Series break	55,137	+4.1%
19	Maryland Series break	54,341	+9.5%
20	Missouri Series break	53,717	+3.7%
21	Colorado Series break	49,016	+3.4%
22	Massachusetts Series break	47,149	+9.1%
23	Washington Series break	43,651	+8%
24	Wisconsin Series break	40,733	+5.8%
25	Kentucky Series break	40,154	+4.6%
26	Mississippi Series break	38,210	+4.9%
27	Oklahoma Series break	38,126	+4.9%
28	Minnesota Series break	37,817	+5.1%
29	Nevada Series break	33,829	+7.7%
30	Arkansas Series break	32,078	+5.6%
31	Utah Series break	28,350	+9.2%
32	Oregon Series break	28,115	+4.9%
33	Connecticut Series break	24,537	+10.5%
34	Iowa Series break	24,165	+4.2%
35	Kansas Series break	21,842	+4.3%
36	Idaho Series break	16,602	+6.2%
37	Nebraska Series break	16,222	+6.1%
38	New Mexico Series break	13,629	+7.6%
39	Hawaii Series break	12,585	+7.6%
40	West Virginia Series break	12,079	+5.1%
41	Maine Series break	11,121	+5.4%
42	New Hampshire Series break	10,321	+6.2%
43	Montana Series break	10,192	+4.6%
44	Rhode Island Series break	8,888	+8.8%
45	Delaware Series break	7,300	+7.8%
46	South Dakota Series break	6,952	+3.4%
47	North Dakota Series break	5,677	+5.6%
48	District of Columbia Series break	5,519	+14.2%
49	Wyoming Series break	5,229	+5.2%
50	Vermont Series break	5,085	+4.2%
51	Alaska Series break	4,611	+4.3%

Other periods

About this ranking

Number of businesses without paid employees in other services (repair and maintenance, personal and laundry services, and civic organizations) (NAICS 81), from the U.S. Census Bureau Nonemployer Statistics.

Nonemployer Statistics: businesses with no paid employees that are subject to federal income tax, mostly the self-employed, counted from tax records, with receipts above small minimum amounts. Census says some years are not comparable with earlier ones, and they are marked as series breaks: 2018 in every sector (businesses were reclassified from their descriptions, which moved many out of other services), 2022 in every sector (new receipts cutoffs) and 2017 in utilities (the same reclassification). Most nonemployers are sole proprietors whose business may be a side activity. Published about 18 months after the reference year.

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the states are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

U.S. Census Bureau. Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), other services (NAICS 81), all legal forms. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2022/historical-datasets/. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Citation styles

The publisher is the author. Invokely is named only as the place the figures were read, where a style asks for it.

APA 7

U.S. Census Bureau. (2024). Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), other services (NAICS 81), all legal forms (US states by nonemployer businesses: other services, 2022) [Data set]. Retrieved October 12, 2026, from https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2022/historical-datasets/

MLA 9

Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), other services (NAICS 81), all legal forms, US states by nonemployer businesses: other services, 2022. U.S. Census Bureau, 12 Dec. 2024, https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2022/historical-datasets/. Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-businesses-other-services/us-states?period=2022. Accessed 12 Oct. 2026.

Chicago (author-date)

U.S. Census Bureau. 2024. Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), other services (NAICS 81), all legal forms. US states by nonemployer businesses: other services, 2022. Dataset. Accessed October 12, 2026. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2022/historical-datasets/. Also distributed by Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-businesses-other-services/us-states?period=2022.

Harvard

U.S. Census Bureau (2024) Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), other services (NAICS 81), all legal forms, US states by nonemployer businesses: other services, 2022 [Dataset]. Available at: https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2022/historical-datasets/, via Invokely: https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-businesses-other-services/us-states?period=2022 (Accessed: 12 October 2026).

BibTeX

@misc{census_us_states_by_nonemployer_2022,
  author = {{U.S. Census Bureau}},
  title = {{Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), other services (NAICS 81), all legal forms: US states by nonemployer businesses: other services, 2022}},
  year = {2024},
  howpublished = {Data set},
  url = {https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2022/historical-datasets/},
  urldate = {2026-10-12},
  note = {Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-businesses-other-services/us-states?period=2022. Publisher attribution: U.S. Census Bureau. Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), other services (NAICS 81), all legal forms. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2022/historical-datasets/. Retrieved 2026-10-12.},
}

RIS

TY  - DATA
AU  - U.S. Census Bureau
TI  - Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), other services (NAICS 81), all legal forms: US states by nonemployer businesses: other services, 2022
PY  - 2024
DA  - 2024/12/12
PB  - U.S. Census Bureau
DB  - Invokely
UR  - https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2022/historical-datasets/
L2  - https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-businesses-other-services/us-states?period=2022
Y2  - 2026/10/12
N1  - Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-businesses-other-services/us-states?period=2022.
N1  - Publisher attribution: U.S. Census Bureau. Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), other services (NAICS 81), all legal forms. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2022/historical-datasets/. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
ER  -

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Questions

Which state has the highest nonemployer businesses: other services?

Texas, with 341,523 in 2022, according to the U.S. Census Bureau.

Which state has the lowest nonemployer businesses: other services?

Alaska, with 4,611 in 2022.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: U.S. Census Bureau, Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), other services (NAICS 81), all legal forms. Retrieved 2026-10-12.