Data / Rankings / Nonemployer businesses: other services / US states

US states by nonemployer businesses: other services

California had the highest nonemployer businesses: other services of 51 states in 2015, at 489,079. Alaska had the lowest, at 5,563. The median was 49,224 and the figure for the United States was 3.7 million. Source: the U.S. Census Bureau.

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Highest489,079California
Lowest5,563Alaska
Median49,22451 states
United States3,695,012History

Map of states, 2015

Alabama: 64,363 countAlaska: 5,563 countArizona: 66,563 countArkansas: 36,700 countCalifornia: 489,079 countColorado: 58,208 countConnecticut: 31,416 countDelaware: 7,850 countDistrict of Columbia: 6,802 countFlorida: 348,655 countGeorgia: 165,194 countHawaii: 16,284 countIdaho: 17,525 countIllinois: 151,746 countIndiana: 68,865 countIowa: 31,489 countKansas: 28,692 countKentucky: 49,224 countLouisiana: 66,778 countMaine: 14,255 countMaryland: 63,924 countMassachusetts: 60,109 countMichigan: 123,070 countMinnesota: 50,690 countMississippi: 43,062 countMissouri: 66,476 countMontana: 11,743 countNebraska: 20,394 countNevada: 33,022 countNew Hampshire: 12,637 countNew Jersey: 76,680 countNew Mexico: 16,562 countNew York: 219,675 countNorth Carolina: 122,932 countNorth Dakota: 7,443 countOhio: 109,464 countOklahoma: 46,092 countOregon: 34,115 countPennsylvania: 108,690 countRhode Island: 11,349 countSouth Carolina: 59,571 countSouth Dakota: 8,957 countTennessee: 90,722 countTexas: 330,039 countUtah: 28,359 countVermont: 7,146 countVirginia: 83,299 countWashington: 51,817 countWest Virginia: 15,303 countWisconsin: 50,318 countWyoming: 6,101 count
  • Under 12K
  • 12K to 29K
  • 29K to 49K
  • 49K to 65K
  • 65K to 110K
  • 110K and over
count, 2015. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), other services (NAICS 81), all legal forms. Boundaries: U.S. Census Bureau cartographic boundary files.

All states, 2015

California: 489,079 countCalifornia489,079Florida: 348,655 countFlorida348,655Texas: 330,039 countTexas330,039New York: 219,675 countNew York219,675Georgia: 165,194 countGeorgia165,194Illinois: 151,746 countIllinois151,746Michigan: 123,070 countMichigan123,070North Carolina: 122,932 countNorth Carolina122,932Ohio: 109,464 countOhio109,464Pennsylvania: 108,690 countPennsylvania108,690Tennessee: 90,722 countTennessee90,722Virginia: 83,299 countVirginia83,299New Jersey: 76,680 countNew Jersey76,680Indiana: 68,865 countIndiana68,865Louisiana: 66,778 countLouisiana66,778Arizona: 66,563 countArizona66,563Missouri: 66,476 countMissouri66,476Alabama: 64,363 countAlabama64,363Maryland: 63,924 countMaryland63,924Massachusetts: 60,109 countMassachusetts60,109South Carolina: 59,571 countSouth Carolina59,571Colorado: 58,208 countColorado58,208Washington: 51,817 countWashington51,817Minnesota: 50,690 countMinnesota50,690Wisconsin: 50,318 countWisconsin50,318Kentucky: 49,224 countKentucky49,224Oklahoma: 46,092 countOklahoma46,092Mississippi: 43,062 countMississippi43,062Arkansas: 36,700 countArkansas36,700Oregon: 34,115 countOregon34,115Nevada: 33,022 countNevada33,022Iowa: 31,489 countIowa31,489Connecticut: 31,416 countConnecticut31,416Kansas: 28,692 countKansas28,692Utah: 28,359 countUtah28,359Nebraska: 20,394 countNebraska20,394Idaho: 17,525 countIdaho17,525New Mexico: 16,562 countNew Mexico16,562Hawaii: 16,284 countHawaii16,284West Virginia: 15,303 countWest Virginia15,303Maine: 14,255 countMaine14,255New Hampshire: 12,637 countNew Hampshire12,637Montana: 11,743 countMontana11,743Rhode Island: 11,349 countRhode Island11,349South Dakota: 8,957 countSouth Dakota8,957Delaware: 7,850 countDelaware7,850North Dakota: 7,443 countNorth Dakota7,443Vermont: 7,146 countVermont7,146District of Columbia: 6,802 countDistrict of Columbia6,802Wyoming: 6,101 countWyoming6,101Alaska: 5,563 countAlaska5,563California: 489,079 countCalifornia489,079Florida: 348,655 countFlorida348,655Texas: 330,039 countTexas330,039New York: 219,675 countNew York219,675Georgia: 165,194 countGeorgia165,194Illinois: 151,746 countIllinois151,746Michigan: 123,070 countMichigan123,070North Carolina: 122,932 countNorth Carolina122,932Ohio: 109,464 countOhio109,464Pennsylvania: 108,690 countPennsylvania108,690Tennessee: 90,722 countTennessee90,722Virginia: 83,299 countVirginia83,299New Jersey: 76,680 countNew Jersey76,680Indiana: 68,865 countIndiana68,865Louisiana: 66,778 countLouisiana66,778Arizona: 66,563 countArizona66,563Missouri: 66,476 countMissouri66,476Alabama: 64,363 countAlabama64,363Maryland: 63,924 countMaryland63,924Massachusetts: 60,109 countMassachusetts60,109South Carolina: 59,571 countSouth Carolina59,571Colorado: 58,208 countColorado58,208Washington: 51,817 countWashington51,817Minnesota: 50,690 countMinnesota50,690Wisconsin: 50,318 countWisconsin50,318Kentucky: 49,224 countKentucky49,224Oklahoma: 46,092 countOklahoma46,092Mississippi: 43,062 countMississippi43,062Arkansas: 36,700 countArkansas36,700Oregon: 34,115 countOregon34,115Nevada: 33,022 countNevada33,022Iowa: 31,489 countIowa31,489Connecticut: 31,416 countConnecticut31,416Kansas: 28,692 countKansas28,692Utah: 28,359 countUtah28,359Nebraska: 20,394 countNebraska20,394Idaho: 17,525 countIdaho17,525New Mexico: 16,562 countNew Mexico16,562Hawaii: 16,284 countHawaii16,284West Virginia: 15,303 countWest Virginia15,303Maine: 14,255 countMaine14,255New Hampshire: 12,637 countNew Hampshire12,637Montana: 11,743 countMontana11,743Rhode Island: 11,349 countRhode Island11,349South Dakota: 8,957 countSouth Dakota8,957Delaware: 7,850 countDelaware7,850North Dakota: 7,443 countNorth Dakota7,443Vermont: 7,146 countVermont7,146District of Columbia: 6,802 countDistrict of Columbia6,802Wyoming: 6,101 countWyoming6,101Alaska: 5,563 countAlaska5,563
count. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), other services (NAICS 81), all legal forms. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Full ranking

RankStates2015
count		Change on 2014
1California489,079+0.4%
2Florida348,655+2.7%
3Texas330,039+1.7%
4New York219,675-2.6%
5Georgia165,194+1.4%
6Illinois151,746-1.6%
7Michigan123,070-1.8%
8North Carolina122,932+0.4%
9Ohio109,464-0.4%
10Pennsylvania108,690-0.6%
11Tennessee90,722-0.1%
12Virginia83,299+1.8%
13New Jersey76,680+0.3%
14Indiana68,865-0.4%
15Louisiana66,778-0.1%
16Arizona66,563+1.4%
17Missouri66,476-0.7%
18Alabama64,363+0.2%
19Maryland63,924-2.6%
20Massachusetts60,109+4.6%
21South Carolina59,571+1%
22Colorado58,208+1.1%
23Washington51,817+1.1%
24Minnesota50,690-1%
25Wisconsin50,318-1.3%
26Kentucky49,224-0.3%
27Oklahoma46,092+0.8%
28Mississippi43,062+1.1%
29Arkansas36,700-0%
30Oregon34,115+1.9%
31Nevada33,022+3.1%
32Iowa31,489+0.1%
33Connecticut31,416+0.6%
34Kansas28,692+0.8%
35Utah28,359+2.1%
36Nebraska20,394+1.1%
37Idaho17,525+1.3%
38New Mexico16,562-0.3%
39Hawaii16,284+0.7%
40West Virginia15,303-0.8%
41Maine14,255-0.2%
42New Hampshire12,637+1%
43Montana11,743+0.6%
44Rhode Island11,349-0%
45South Dakota8,957-0.2%
46Delaware7,850+1.8%
47North Dakota7,443+2.1%
48Vermont7,146+0.8%
49District of Columbia6,802-7.2%
50Wyoming6,101-0.8%
51Alaska5,563-3.1%

Other periods

About this ranking

Number of businesses without paid employees in other services (repair and maintenance, personal and laundry services, and civic organizations) (NAICS 81), from the U.S. Census Bureau Nonemployer Statistics.

Nonemployer Statistics: businesses with no paid employees that are subject to federal income tax, mostly the self-employed, counted from tax records, with receipts above small minimum amounts. Census says some years are not comparable with earlier ones, and they are marked as series breaks: 2018 in every sector (businesses were reclassified from their descriptions, which moved many out of other services), 2022 in every sector (new receipts cutoffs) and 2017 in utilities (the same reclassification). Most nonemployers are sole proprietors whose business may be a side activity. Published about 18 months after the reference year.

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the states are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

U.S. Census Bureau. Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), other services (NAICS 81), all legal forms. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2015/historical-datasets/. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Citation styles

The publisher is the author. Invokely is named only as the place the figures were read, where a style asks for it.

APA 7

U.S. Census Bureau. (2017). Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), other services (NAICS 81), all legal forms (US states by nonemployer businesses: other services, 2015) [Data set]. Retrieved October 12, 2026, from https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2015/historical-datasets/

MLA 9

Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), other services (NAICS 81), all legal forms, US states by nonemployer businesses: other services, 2015. U.S. Census Bureau, 7 July 2017, https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2015/historical-datasets/. Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-businesses-other-services/us-states?period=2015. Accessed 12 Oct. 2026.

Chicago (author-date)

U.S. Census Bureau. 2017. Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), other services (NAICS 81), all legal forms. US states by nonemployer businesses: other services, 2015. Dataset. Accessed October 12, 2026. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2015/historical-datasets/. Also distributed by Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-businesses-other-services/us-states?period=2015.

Harvard

U.S. Census Bureau (2017) Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), other services (NAICS 81), all legal forms, US states by nonemployer businesses: other services, 2015 [Dataset]. Available at: https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2015/historical-datasets/, via Invokely: https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-businesses-other-services/us-states?period=2015 (Accessed: 12 October 2026).

BibTeX
@misc{census_us_states_by_nonemployer_2015,
  author = {{U.S. Census Bureau}},
  title = {{Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), other services (NAICS 81), all legal forms: US states by nonemployer businesses: other services, 2015}},
  year = {2017},
  howpublished = {Data set},
  url = {https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2015/historical-datasets/},
  urldate = {2026-10-12},
  note = {Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-businesses-other-services/us-states?period=2015. Publisher attribution: U.S. Census Bureau. Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), other services (NAICS 81), all legal forms. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2015/historical-datasets/. Retrieved 2026-10-12.},
}
RIS
TY  - DATA
AU  - U.S. Census Bureau
TI  - Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), other services (NAICS 81), all legal forms: US states by nonemployer businesses: other services, 2015
PY  - 2017
DA  - 2017/07/07
PB  - U.S. Census Bureau
DB  - Invokely
UR  - https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2015/historical-datasets/
L2  - https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-businesses-other-services/us-states?period=2015
Y2  - 2026/10/12
N1  - Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-businesses-other-services/us-states?period=2015.
N1  - Publisher attribution: U.S. Census Bureau. Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), other services (NAICS 81), all legal forms. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2015/historical-datasets/. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
ER  -
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Questions

Which state has the highest nonemployer businesses: other services?

California, with 489,079 in 2015, according to the U.S. Census Bureau.

Which state has the lowest nonemployer businesses: other services?

Alaska, with 5,563 in 2015.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: U.S. Census Bureau, Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), other services (NAICS 81), all legal forms. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

US states: more rankings