Data / Rankings / Nonemployer businesses: other services / US states

US states by nonemployer businesses: other services

California had the highest nonemployer businesses: other services of 51 states in 2017, at 494,547. Alaska had the lowest, at 5,668. The median was 49,150 and the figure for the United States was 3.74 million. Source: the U.S. Census Bureau.

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Highest494,547California
Lowest5,668Alaska
Median49,15051 states
United States3,740,305History

Map of states, 2017

Alabama: 62,728 countAlaska: 5,668 countArizona: 69,912 countArkansas: 36,426 countCalifornia: 494,547 countColorado: 60,290 countConnecticut: 31,282 countDelaware: 8,046 countDistrict of Columbia: 7,183 countFlorida: 364,346 countGeorgia: 163,988 countHawaii: 16,563 countIdaho: 18,276 countIllinois: 145,504 countIndiana: 67,613 countIowa: 31,182 countKansas: 28,449 countKentucky: 49,898 countLouisiana: 66,376 countMaine: 14,302 countMaryland: 62,615 countMassachusetts: 62,786 countMichigan: 120,801 countMinnesota: 50,368 countMississippi: 43,364 countMissouri: 65,873 countMontana: 12,117 countNebraska: 20,614 countNevada: 35,141 countNew Hampshire: 12,834 countNew Jersey: 77,616 countNew Mexico: 17,023 countNew York: 212,295 countNorth Carolina: 124,959 countNorth Dakota: 7,529 countOhio: 109,284 countOklahoma: 46,769 countOregon: 34,640 countPennsylvania: 107,995 countRhode Island: 11,462 countSouth Carolina: 60,661 countSouth Dakota: 9,105 countTennessee: 91,959 countTexas: 352,778 countUtah: 30,367 countVermont: 7,161 countVirginia: 86,328 countWashington: 52,995 countWest Virginia: 14,916 countWisconsin: 49,150 countWyoming: 6,221 count
  • Under 12K
  • 12K to 30K
  • 30K to 49K
  • 49K to 64K
  • 64K to 110K
  • 110K and over
count, 2017. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), other services (NAICS 81), all legal forms. Boundaries: U.S. Census Bureau cartographic boundary files.

All states, 2017

California: 494,547 countCalifornia494,547Florida: 364,346 countFlorida364,346Texas: 352,778 countTexas352,778New York: 212,295 countNew York212,295Georgia: 163,988 countGeorgia163,988Illinois: 145,504 countIllinois145,504North Carolina: 124,959 countNorth Carolina124,959Michigan: 120,801 countMichigan120,801Ohio: 109,284 countOhio109,284Pennsylvania: 107,995 countPennsylvania107,995Tennessee: 91,959 countTennessee91,959Virginia: 86,328 countVirginia86,328New Jersey: 77,616 countNew Jersey77,616Arizona: 69,912 countArizona69,912Indiana: 67,613 countIndiana67,613Louisiana: 66,376 countLouisiana66,376Missouri: 65,873 countMissouri65,873Massachusetts: 62,786 countMassachusetts62,786Alabama: 62,728 countAlabama62,728Maryland: 62,615 countMaryland62,615South Carolina: 60,661 countSouth Carolina60,661Colorado: 60,290 countColorado60,290Washington: 52,995 countWashington52,995Minnesota: 50,368 countMinnesota50,368Kentucky: 49,898 countKentucky49,898Wisconsin: 49,150 countWisconsin49,150Oklahoma: 46,769 countOklahoma46,769Mississippi: 43,364 countMississippi43,364Arkansas: 36,426 countArkansas36,426Nevada: 35,141 countNevada35,141Oregon: 34,640 countOregon34,640Connecticut: 31,282 countConnecticut31,282Iowa: 31,182 countIowa31,182Utah: 30,367 countUtah30,367Kansas: 28,449 countKansas28,449Nebraska: 20,614 countNebraska20,614Idaho: 18,276 countIdaho18,276New Mexico: 17,023 countNew Mexico17,023Hawaii: 16,563 countHawaii16,563West Virginia: 14,916 countWest Virginia14,916Maine: 14,302 countMaine14,302New Hampshire: 12,834 countNew Hampshire12,834Montana: 12,117 countMontana12,117Rhode Island: 11,462 countRhode Island11,462South Dakota: 9,105 countSouth Dakota9,105Delaware: 8,046 countDelaware8,046North Dakota: 7,529 countNorth Dakota7,529District of Columbia: 7,183 countDistrict of Columbia7,183Vermont: 7,161 countVermont7,161Wyoming: 6,221 countWyoming6,221Alaska: 5,668 countAlaska5,668California: 494,547 countCalifornia494,547Florida: 364,346 countFlorida364,346Texas: 352,778 countTexas352,778New York: 212,295 countNew York212,295Georgia: 163,988 countGeorgia163,988Illinois: 145,504 countIllinois145,504North Carolina: 124,959 countNorth Carolina124,959Michigan: 120,801 countMichigan120,801Ohio: 109,284 countOhio109,284Pennsylvania: 107,995 countPennsylvania107,995Tennessee: 91,959 countTennessee91,959Virginia: 86,328 countVirginia86,328New Jersey: 77,616 countNew Jersey77,616Arizona: 69,912 countArizona69,912Indiana: 67,613 countIndiana67,613Louisiana: 66,376 countLouisiana66,376Missouri: 65,873 countMissouri65,873Massachusetts: 62,786 countMassachusetts62,786Alabama: 62,728 countAlabama62,728Maryland: 62,615 countMaryland62,615South Carolina: 60,661 countSouth Carolina60,661Colorado: 60,290 countColorado60,290Washington: 52,995 countWashington52,995Minnesota: 50,368 countMinnesota50,368Kentucky: 49,898 countKentucky49,898Wisconsin: 49,150 countWisconsin49,150Oklahoma: 46,769 countOklahoma46,769Mississippi: 43,364 countMississippi43,364Arkansas: 36,426 countArkansas36,426Nevada: 35,141 countNevada35,141Oregon: 34,640 countOregon34,640Connecticut: 31,282 countConnecticut31,282Iowa: 31,182 countIowa31,182Utah: 30,367 countUtah30,367Kansas: 28,449 countKansas28,449Nebraska: 20,614 countNebraska20,614Idaho: 18,276 countIdaho18,276New Mexico: 17,023 countNew Mexico17,023Hawaii: 16,563 countHawaii16,563West Virginia: 14,916 countWest Virginia14,916Maine: 14,302 countMaine14,302New Hampshire: 12,834 countNew Hampshire12,834Montana: 12,117 countMontana12,117Rhode Island: 11,462 countRhode Island11,462South Dakota: 9,105 countSouth Dakota9,105Delaware: 8,046 countDelaware8,046North Dakota: 7,529 countNorth Dakota7,529District of Columbia: 7,183 countDistrict of Columbia7,183Vermont: 7,161 countVermont7,161Wyoming: 6,221 countWyoming6,221Alaska: 5,668 countAlaska5,668
count. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), other services (NAICS 81), all legal forms. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Full ranking

RankStates2017
count		Change on 2016
1California494,547+1.9%
2Florida364,346+5.3%
3Texas352,778+4.8%
4New York212,295-0.8%
5Georgia163,988+1.1%
6Illinois145,504-1.8%
7North Carolina124,959+1%
8Michigan120,801+0.7%
9Ohio109,284+1.7%
10Pennsylvania107,995-0%
11Tennessee91,959+1.4%
12Virginia86,328+1.9%
13New Jersey77,616+1.5%
14Arizona69,912+3.5%
15Indiana67,613-0.2%
16Louisiana66,376+0.6%
17Missouri65,873-0.4%
18Massachusetts62,786+3.3%
19Alabama62,728-0.7%
20Maryland62,615-0%
21South Carolina60,661+1.4%
22Colorado60,290+2.3%
23Washington52,995+2%
24Minnesota50,368-0.3%
25Kentucky49,898+1.1%
26Wisconsin49,150-1.2%
27Oklahoma46,769+1.1%
28Mississippi43,364+1.3%
29Arkansas36,426-0.4%
30Nevada35,141+3.9%
31Oregon34,640+0.7%
32Connecticut31,282+0.5%
33Iowa31,182-0.8%
34Utah30,367+3.7%
35Kansas28,449-0.9%
36Nebraska20,614-0.1%
37Idaho18,276+2.2%
38New Mexico17,023+1.5%
39Hawaii16,563-0.3%
40West Virginia14,916-2.2%
41Maine14,302+0.1%
42New Hampshire12,834+0.6%
43Montana12,117+1.9%
44Rhode Island11,462+0.9%
45South Dakota9,105-0.5%
46Delaware8,046+0.7%
47North Dakota7,529-0.8%
48District of Columbia7,183+3.3%
49Vermont7,161+0.8%
50Wyoming6,221+1.1%
51Alaska5,668+1.9%

Other periods

About this ranking

Number of businesses without paid employees in other services (repair and maintenance, personal and laundry services, and civic organizations) (NAICS 81), from the U.S. Census Bureau Nonemployer Statistics.

Nonemployer Statistics: businesses with no paid employees that are subject to federal income tax, mostly the self-employed, counted from tax records, with receipts above small minimum amounts. Census says some years are not comparable with earlier ones, and they are marked as series breaks: 2018 in every sector (businesses were reclassified from their descriptions, which moved many out of other services), 2022 in every sector (new receipts cutoffs) and 2017 in utilities (the same reclassification). Most nonemployers are sole proprietors whose business may be a side activity. Published about 18 months after the reference year.

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the states are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

U.S. Census Bureau. Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), other services (NAICS 81), all legal forms. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2017/historical-datasets/. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Citation styles

The publisher is the author. Invokely is named only as the place the figures were read, where a style asks for it.

APA 7

U.S. Census Bureau. (2019). Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), other services (NAICS 81), all legal forms (US states by nonemployer businesses: other services, 2017) [Data set]. Retrieved October 12, 2026, from https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2017/historical-datasets/

MLA 9

Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), other services (NAICS 81), all legal forms, US states by nonemployer businesses: other services, 2017. U.S. Census Bureau, 27 June 2019, https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2017/historical-datasets/. Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-businesses-other-services/us-states?period=2017. Accessed 12 Oct. 2026.

Chicago (author-date)

U.S. Census Bureau. 2019. Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), other services (NAICS 81), all legal forms. US states by nonemployer businesses: other services, 2017. Dataset. Accessed October 12, 2026. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2017/historical-datasets/. Also distributed by Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-businesses-other-services/us-states?period=2017.

Harvard

U.S. Census Bureau (2019) Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), other services (NAICS 81), all legal forms, US states by nonemployer businesses: other services, 2017 [Dataset]. Available at: https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2017/historical-datasets/, via Invokely: https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-businesses-other-services/us-states?period=2017 (Accessed: 12 October 2026).

BibTeX
@misc{census_us_states_by_nonemployer_2017,
  author = {{U.S. Census Bureau}},
  title = {{Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), other services (NAICS 81), all legal forms: US states by nonemployer businesses: other services, 2017}},
  year = {2019},
  howpublished = {Data set},
  url = {https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2017/historical-datasets/},
  urldate = {2026-10-12},
  note = {Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-businesses-other-services/us-states?period=2017. Publisher attribution: U.S. Census Bureau. Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), other services (NAICS 81), all legal forms. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2017/historical-datasets/. Retrieved 2026-10-12.},
}
RIS
TY  - DATA
AU  - U.S. Census Bureau
TI  - Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), other services (NAICS 81), all legal forms: US states by nonemployer businesses: other services, 2017
PY  - 2019
DA  - 2019/06/27
PB  - U.S. Census Bureau
DB  - Invokely
UR  - https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2017/historical-datasets/
L2  - https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-businesses-other-services/us-states?period=2017
Y2  - 2026/10/12
N1  - Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-businesses-other-services/us-states?period=2017.
N1  - Publisher attribution: U.S. Census Bureau. Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), other services (NAICS 81), all legal forms. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2017/historical-datasets/. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
ER  -
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Questions

Which state has the highest nonemployer businesses: other services?

California, with 494,547 in 2017, according to the U.S. Census Bureau.

Which state has the lowest nonemployer businesses: other services?

Alaska, with 5,668 in 2017.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: U.S. Census Bureau, Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), other services (NAICS 81), all legal forms. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

US states: more rankings