Data / Rankings / Nonemployer businesses: other services / US states

US states by nonemployer businesses: other services

California had the highest nonemployer businesses: other services of 51 states in 2020, at 322,527. Alaska had the lowest, at 4,323. The median was 35,574 and the figure for the United States was 2.81 million. Source: the U.S. Census Bureau.

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Highest322,527California
Lowest4,323Alaska
Median35,57451 states
United States2,811,836History

Map of states, 2020

Alabama: 48,948 countAlaska: 4,323 countArizona: 54,706 countArkansas: 28,893 countCalifornia: 322,527 countColorado: 45,090 countConnecticut: 21,871 countDelaware: 6,445 countDistrict of Columbia: 4,556 countFlorida: 301,391 countGeorgia: 138,273 countHawaii: 11,483 countIdaho: 15,047 countIllinois: 104,428 countIndiana: 50,662 countIowa: 22,578 countKansas: 20,630 countKentucky: 37,463 countLouisiana: 50,452 countMaine: 10,203 countMaryland: 47,548 countMassachusetts: 42,471 countMichigan: 90,452 countMinnesota: 34,891 countMississippi: 33,612 countMissouri: 50,668 countMontana: 9,462 countNebraska: 14,979 countNevada: 29,510 countNew Hampshire: 9,600 countNew Jersey: 52,403 countNew Mexico: 12,633 countNew York: 135,214 countNorth Carolina: 99,451 countNorth Dakota: 5,217 countOhio: 81,869 countOklahoma: 35,574 countOregon: 26,642 countPennsylvania: 74,374 countRhode Island: 7,995 countSouth Carolina: 50,720 countSouth Dakota: 6,496 countTennessee: 71,906 countTexas: 300,615 countUtah: 24,878 countVermont: 4,671 countVirginia: 65,619 countWashington: 39,697 countWest Virginia: 11,115 countWisconsin: 36,691 countWyoming: 4,894 count
  • Under 10K
  • 10K to 21K
  • 21K to 36K
  • 36K to 51K
  • 51K to 79K
  • 79K and over
count, 2020. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), other services (NAICS 81), all legal forms. Boundaries: U.S. Census Bureau cartographic boundary files.

All states, 2020

California: 322,527 countCalifornia322,527Florida: 301,391 countFlorida301,391Texas: 300,615 countTexas300,615Georgia: 138,273 countGeorgia138,273New York: 135,214 countNew York135,214Illinois: 104,428 countIllinois104,428North Carolina: 99,451 countNorth Carolina99,451Michigan: 90,452 countMichigan90,452Ohio: 81,869 countOhio81,869Pennsylvania: 74,374 countPennsylvania74,374Tennessee: 71,906 countTennessee71,906Virginia: 65,619 countVirginia65,619Arizona: 54,706 countArizona54,706New Jersey: 52,403 countNew Jersey52,403South Carolina: 50,720 countSouth Carolina50,720Missouri: 50,668 countMissouri50,668Indiana: 50,662 countIndiana50,662Louisiana: 50,452 countLouisiana50,452Alabama: 48,948 countAlabama48,948Maryland: 47,548 countMaryland47,548Colorado: 45,090 countColorado45,090Massachusetts: 42,471 countMassachusetts42,471Washington: 39,697 countWashington39,697Kentucky: 37,463 countKentucky37,463Wisconsin: 36,691 countWisconsin36,691Oklahoma: 35,574 countOklahoma35,574Minnesota: 34,891 countMinnesota34,891Mississippi: 33,612 countMississippi33,612Nevada: 29,510 countNevada29,510Arkansas: 28,893 countArkansas28,893Oregon: 26,642 countOregon26,642Utah: 24,878 countUtah24,878Iowa: 22,578 countIowa22,578Connecticut: 21,871 countConnecticut21,871Kansas: 20,630 countKansas20,630Idaho: 15,047 countIdaho15,047Nebraska: 14,979 countNebraska14,979New Mexico: 12,633 countNew Mexico12,633Hawaii: 11,483 countHawaii11,483West Virginia: 11,115 countWest Virginia11,115Maine: 10,203 countMaine10,203New Hampshire: 9,600 countNew Hampshire9,600Montana: 9,462 countMontana9,462Rhode Island: 7,995 countRhode Island7,995South Dakota: 6,496 countSouth Dakota6,496Delaware: 6,445 countDelaware6,445North Dakota: 5,217 countNorth Dakota5,217Wyoming: 4,894 countWyoming4,894Vermont: 4,671 countVermont4,671District of Columbia: 4,556 countDistrict of Columbia4,556Alaska: 4,323 countAlaska4,323California: 322,527 countCalifornia322,527Florida: 301,391 countFlorida301,391Texas: 300,615 countTexas300,615Georgia: 138,273 countGeorgia138,273New York: 135,214 countNew York135,214Illinois: 104,428 countIllinois104,428North Carolina: 99,451 countNorth Carolina99,451Michigan: 90,452 countMichigan90,452Ohio: 81,869 countOhio81,869Pennsylvania: 74,374 countPennsylvania74,374Tennessee: 71,906 countTennessee71,906Virginia: 65,619 countVirginia65,619Arizona: 54,706 countArizona54,706New Jersey: 52,403 countNew Jersey52,403South Carolina: 50,720 countSouth Carolina50,720Missouri: 50,668 countMissouri50,668Indiana: 50,662 countIndiana50,662Louisiana: 50,452 countLouisiana50,452Alabama: 48,948 countAlabama48,948Maryland: 47,548 countMaryland47,548Colorado: 45,090 countColorado45,090Massachusetts: 42,471 countMassachusetts42,471Washington: 39,697 countWashington39,697Kentucky: 37,463 countKentucky37,463Wisconsin: 36,691 countWisconsin36,691Oklahoma: 35,574 countOklahoma35,574Minnesota: 34,891 countMinnesota34,891Mississippi: 33,612 countMississippi33,612Nevada: 29,510 countNevada29,510Arkansas: 28,893 countArkansas28,893Oregon: 26,642 countOregon26,642Utah: 24,878 countUtah24,878Iowa: 22,578 countIowa22,578Connecticut: 21,871 countConnecticut21,871Kansas: 20,630 countKansas20,630Idaho: 15,047 countIdaho15,047Nebraska: 14,979 countNebraska14,979New Mexico: 12,633 countNew Mexico12,633Hawaii: 11,483 countHawaii11,483West Virginia: 11,115 countWest Virginia11,115Maine: 10,203 countMaine10,203New Hampshire: 9,600 countNew Hampshire9,600Montana: 9,462 countMontana9,462Rhode Island: 7,995 countRhode Island7,995South Dakota: 6,496 countSouth Dakota6,496Delaware: 6,445 countDelaware6,445North Dakota: 5,217 countNorth Dakota5,217Wyoming: 4,894 countWyoming4,894Vermont: 4,671 countVermont4,671District of Columbia: 4,556 countDistrict of Columbia4,556Alaska: 4,323 countAlaska4,323
count. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), other services (NAICS 81), all legal forms. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Full ranking

RankStates2020
count		Change on 2019
1California322,527-8.1%
2Florida301,391+4.9%
3Texas300,615+1.5%
4Georgia138,273+1.4%
5New York135,214-7.4%
6Illinois104,428-1.2%
7North Carolina99,451-0.3%
8Michigan90,452-3.3%
9Ohio81,869-2.4%
10Pennsylvania74,374-3.4%
11Tennessee71,906+1.3%
12Virginia65,619-0.4%
13Arizona54,706-0.6%
14New Jersey52,403-3.2%
15South Carolina50,720+2.3%
16Missouri50,668+1.4%
17Indiana50,662+0.3%
18Louisiana50,452-2.4%
19Alabama48,948-1%
20Maryland47,548-1%
21Colorado45,090-2.6%
22Massachusetts42,471-4.3%
23Washington39,697-3.9%
24Kentucky37,463-0.9%
25Wisconsin36,691-0.8%
26Oklahoma35,574+0.6%
27Minnesota34,891-1.5%
28Mississippi33,612-3.9%
29Nevada29,510+1.9%
30Arkansas28,893+0.3%
31Oregon26,642-2.1%
32Utah24,878+2.2%
33Iowa22,578-0.9%
34Connecticut21,871-3.6%
35Kansas20,630-1.9%
36Idaho15,047+2%
37Nebraska14,979-1.2%
38New Mexico12,633-3%
39Hawaii11,483-6%
40West Virginia11,115-0.4%
41Maine10,203-2.3%
42New Hampshire9,600-0.7%
43Montana9,462+1.4%
44Rhode Island7,995-3.9%
45South Dakota6,496+0.3%
46Delaware6,445+0.9%
47North Dakota5,217-2.4%
48Wyoming4,894+2.7%
49Vermont4,671-3.8%
50District of Columbia4,556-9%
51Alaska4,323-2.4%

Other periods

About this ranking

Number of businesses without paid employees in other services (repair and maintenance, personal and laundry services, and civic organizations) (NAICS 81), from the U.S. Census Bureau Nonemployer Statistics.

Nonemployer Statistics: businesses with no paid employees that are subject to federal income tax, mostly the self-employed, counted from tax records, with receipts above small minimum amounts. Census says some years are not comparable with earlier ones, and they are marked as series breaks: 2018 in every sector (businesses were reclassified from their descriptions, which moved many out of other services), 2022 in every sector (new receipts cutoffs) and 2017 in utilities (the same reclassification). Most nonemployers are sole proprietors whose business may be a side activity. Published about 18 months after the reference year.

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the states are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

U.S. Census Bureau. Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), other services (NAICS 81), all legal forms. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2020/historical-datasets/. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Citation styles

The publisher is the author. Invokely is named only as the place the figures were read, where a style asks for it.

APA 7

U.S. Census Bureau. (2023). Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), other services (NAICS 81), all legal forms (US states by nonemployer businesses: other services, 2020) [Data set]. Retrieved October 12, 2026, from https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2020/historical-datasets/

MLA 9

Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), other services (NAICS 81), all legal forms, US states by nonemployer businesses: other services, 2020. U.S. Census Bureau, 17 Aug. 2023, https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2020/historical-datasets/. Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-businesses-other-services/us-states?period=2020. Accessed 12 Oct. 2026.

Chicago (author-date)

U.S. Census Bureau. 2023. Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), other services (NAICS 81), all legal forms. US states by nonemployer businesses: other services, 2020. Dataset. Accessed October 12, 2026. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2020/historical-datasets/. Also distributed by Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-businesses-other-services/us-states?period=2020.

Harvard

U.S. Census Bureau (2023) Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), other services (NAICS 81), all legal forms, US states by nonemployer businesses: other services, 2020 [Dataset]. Available at: https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2020/historical-datasets/, via Invokely: https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-businesses-other-services/us-states?period=2020 (Accessed: 12 October 2026).

BibTeX
@misc{census_us_states_by_nonemployer_2020,
  author = {{U.S. Census Bureau}},
  title = {{Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), other services (NAICS 81), all legal forms: US states by nonemployer businesses: other services, 2020}},
  year = {2023},
  howpublished = {Data set},
  url = {https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2020/historical-datasets/},
  urldate = {2026-10-12},
  note = {Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-businesses-other-services/us-states?period=2020. Publisher attribution: U.S. Census Bureau. Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), other services (NAICS 81), all legal forms. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2020/historical-datasets/. Retrieved 2026-10-12.},
}
RIS
TY  - DATA
AU  - U.S. Census Bureau
TI  - Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), other services (NAICS 81), all legal forms: US states by nonemployer businesses: other services, 2020
PY  - 2023
DA  - 2023/08/17
PB  - U.S. Census Bureau
DB  - Invokely
UR  - https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2020/historical-datasets/
L2  - https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-businesses-other-services/us-states?period=2020
Y2  - 2026/10/12
N1  - Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-businesses-other-services/us-states?period=2020.
N1  - Publisher attribution: U.S. Census Bureau. Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), other services (NAICS 81), all legal forms. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2020/historical-datasets/. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
ER  -
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Questions

Which state has the highest nonemployer businesses: other services?

California, with 322,527 in 2020, according to the U.S. Census Bureau.

Which state has the lowest nonemployer businesses: other services?

Alaska, with 4,323 in 2020.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: U.S. Census Bureau, Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), other services (NAICS 81), all legal forms. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

US states: more rankings