Data / Rankings / Nonemployer businesses: other services / US states

US states by nonemployer businesses: other services

California had the highest nonemployer businesses: other services of 51 states in 2019, at 350,973. Alaska had the lowest, at 4,429. The median was 35,436 and the figure for the United States was 2.85 million. Source: the U.S. Census Bureau.

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Highest350,973California
Lowest4,429Alaska
Median35,43651 states
United States2,851,688History

Map of states, 2019

Alabama: 49,424 countAlaska: 4,429 countArizona: 55,041 countArkansas: 28,810 countCalifornia: 350,973 countColorado: 46,313 countConnecticut: 22,698 countDelaware: 6,388 countDistrict of Columbia: 5,008 countFlorida: 287,381 countGeorgia: 136,343 countHawaii: 12,219 countIdaho: 14,745 countIllinois: 105,671 countIndiana: 50,531 countIowa: 22,786 countKansas: 21,020 countKentucky: 37,792 countLouisiana: 51,700 countMaine: 10,447 countMaryland: 48,029 countMassachusetts: 44,382 countMichigan: 93,565 countMinnesota: 35,436 countMississippi: 34,966 countMissouri: 49,977 countMontana: 9,334 countNebraska: 15,163 countNevada: 28,963 countNew Hampshire: 9,668 countNew Jersey: 54,135 countNew Mexico: 13,018 countNew York: 146,028 countNorth Carolina: 99,728 countNorth Dakota: 5,347 countOhio: 83,908 countOklahoma: 35,373 countOregon: 27,219 countPennsylvania: 76,979 countRhode Island: 8,323 countSouth Carolina: 49,600 countSouth Dakota: 6,478 countTennessee: 70,950 countTexas: 296,065 countUtah: 24,347 countVermont: 4,853 countVirginia: 65,881 countWashington: 41,326 countWest Virginia: 11,159 countWisconsin: 37,003 countWyoming: 4,766 count
  • Under 9,000
  • 9,000 to 22K
  • 22K to 35K
  • 35K to 50K
  • 50K to 82K
  • 82K and over
count, 2019. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), other services (NAICS 81), all legal forms. Boundaries: U.S. Census Bureau cartographic boundary files.

All states, 2019

California: 350,973 countCalifornia350,973Texas: 296,065 countTexas296,065Florida: 287,381 countFlorida287,381New York: 146,028 countNew York146,028Georgia: 136,343 countGeorgia136,343Illinois: 105,671 countIllinois105,671North Carolina: 99,728 countNorth Carolina99,728Michigan: 93,565 countMichigan93,565Ohio: 83,908 countOhio83,908Pennsylvania: 76,979 countPennsylvania76,979Tennessee: 70,950 countTennessee70,950Virginia: 65,881 countVirginia65,881Arizona: 55,041 countArizona55,041New Jersey: 54,135 countNew Jersey54,135Louisiana: 51,700 countLouisiana51,700Indiana: 50,531 countIndiana50,531Missouri: 49,977 countMissouri49,977South Carolina: 49,600 countSouth Carolina49,600Alabama: 49,424 countAlabama49,424Maryland: 48,029 countMaryland48,029Colorado: 46,313 countColorado46,313Massachusetts: 44,382 countMassachusetts44,382Washington: 41,326 countWashington41,326Kentucky: 37,792 countKentucky37,792Wisconsin: 37,003 countWisconsin37,003Minnesota: 35,436 countMinnesota35,436Oklahoma: 35,373 countOklahoma35,373Mississippi: 34,966 countMississippi34,966Nevada: 28,963 countNevada28,963Arkansas: 28,810 countArkansas28,810Oregon: 27,219 countOregon27,219Utah: 24,347 countUtah24,347Iowa: 22,786 countIowa22,786Connecticut: 22,698 countConnecticut22,698Kansas: 21,020 countKansas21,020Nebraska: 15,163 countNebraska15,163Idaho: 14,745 countIdaho14,745New Mexico: 13,018 countNew Mexico13,018Hawaii: 12,219 countHawaii12,219West Virginia: 11,159 countWest Virginia11,159Maine: 10,447 countMaine10,447New Hampshire: 9,668 countNew Hampshire9,668Montana: 9,334 countMontana9,334Rhode Island: 8,323 countRhode Island8,323South Dakota: 6,478 countSouth Dakota6,478Delaware: 6,388 countDelaware6,388North Dakota: 5,347 countNorth Dakota5,347District of Columbia: 5,008 countDistrict of Columbia5,008Vermont: 4,853 countVermont4,853Wyoming: 4,766 countWyoming4,766Alaska: 4,429 countAlaska4,429California: 350,973 countCalifornia350,973Texas: 296,065 countTexas296,065Florida: 287,381 countFlorida287,381New York: 146,028 countNew York146,028Georgia: 136,343 countGeorgia136,343Illinois: 105,671 countIllinois105,671North Carolina: 99,728 countNorth Carolina99,728Michigan: 93,565 countMichigan93,565Ohio: 83,908 countOhio83,908Pennsylvania: 76,979 countPennsylvania76,979Tennessee: 70,950 countTennessee70,950Virginia: 65,881 countVirginia65,881Arizona: 55,041 countArizona55,041New Jersey: 54,135 countNew Jersey54,135Louisiana: 51,700 countLouisiana51,700Indiana: 50,531 countIndiana50,531Missouri: 49,977 countMissouri49,977South Carolina: 49,600 countSouth Carolina49,600Alabama: 49,424 countAlabama49,424Maryland: 48,029 countMaryland48,029Colorado: 46,313 countColorado46,313Massachusetts: 44,382 countMassachusetts44,382Washington: 41,326 countWashington41,326Kentucky: 37,792 countKentucky37,792Wisconsin: 37,003 countWisconsin37,003Minnesota: 35,436 countMinnesota35,436Oklahoma: 35,373 countOklahoma35,373Mississippi: 34,966 countMississippi34,966Nevada: 28,963 countNevada28,963Arkansas: 28,810 countArkansas28,810Oregon: 27,219 countOregon27,219Utah: 24,347 countUtah24,347Iowa: 22,786 countIowa22,786Connecticut: 22,698 countConnecticut22,698Kansas: 21,020 countKansas21,020Nebraska: 15,163 countNebraska15,163Idaho: 14,745 countIdaho14,745New Mexico: 13,018 countNew Mexico13,018Hawaii: 12,219 countHawaii12,219West Virginia: 11,159 countWest Virginia11,159Maine: 10,447 countMaine10,447New Hampshire: 9,668 countNew Hampshire9,668Montana: 9,334 countMontana9,334Rhode Island: 8,323 countRhode Island8,323South Dakota: 6,478 countSouth Dakota6,478Delaware: 6,388 countDelaware6,388North Dakota: 5,347 countNorth Dakota5,347District of Columbia: 5,008 countDistrict of Columbia5,008Vermont: 4,853 countVermont4,853Wyoming: 4,766 countWyoming4,766Alaska: 4,429 countAlaska4,429
count. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), other services (NAICS 81), all legal forms. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Full ranking

RankStates2019
count		Change on 2018
1California350,973-7.5%
2Texas296,065-0%
3Florida287,381-2.6%
4New York146,028-7.1%
5Georgia136,343-1.4%
6Illinois105,671-7.5%
7North Carolina99,728-3.3%
8Michigan93,565-3.9%
9Ohio83,908-3.7%
10Pennsylvania76,979-7%
11Tennessee70,950-3.7%
12Virginia65,881-4.7%
13Arizona55,041-1.1%
14New Jersey54,135-6.8%
15Louisiana51,700-2.3%
16Indiana50,531-4.9%
17Missouri49,977-6.1%
18South Carolina49,600-1.5%
19Alabama49,424-2.6%
20Maryland48,029-4%
21Colorado46,313-4.3%
22Massachusetts44,382-9.2%
23Washington41,326-3.3%
24Kentucky37,792-5.3%
25Wisconsin37,003-4.1%
26Minnesota35,436-7.3%
27Oklahoma35,373-3.7%
28Mississippi34,966-1.2%
29Nevada28,963-0.6%
30Arkansas28,810-2%
31Oregon27,219-4.1%
32Utah24,347-3.1%
33Iowa22,786-6%
34Connecticut22,698-6.9%
35Kansas21,020-5.7%
36Nebraska15,163-4.5%
37Idaho14,745-1.4%
38New Mexico13,018-4.7%
39Hawaii12,219-3.5%
40West Virginia11,159-5.3%
41Maine10,447-5.8%
42New Hampshire9,668-5.4%
43Montana9,334-4.5%
44Rhode Island8,323-7.5%
45South Dakota6,478-4.7%
46Delaware6,388-1.5%
47North Dakota5,347-6.5%
48District of Columbia5,008-12.5%
49Vermont4,853-7.2%
50Wyoming4,766-4.6%
51Alaska4,429-3.3%

Other periods

About this ranking

Number of businesses without paid employees in other services (repair and maintenance, personal and laundry services, and civic organizations) (NAICS 81), from the U.S. Census Bureau Nonemployer Statistics.

Nonemployer Statistics: businesses with no paid employees that are subject to federal income tax, mostly the self-employed, counted from tax records, with receipts above small minimum amounts. Census says some years are not comparable with earlier ones, and they are marked as series breaks: 2018 in every sector (businesses were reclassified from their descriptions, which moved many out of other services), 2022 in every sector (new receipts cutoffs) and 2017 in utilities (the same reclassification). Most nonemployers are sole proprietors whose business may be a side activity. Published about 18 months after the reference year.

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the states are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

U.S. Census Bureau. Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), other services (NAICS 81), all legal forms. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2019/historical-datasets/. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Citation styles

The publisher is the author. Invokely is named only as the place the figures were read, where a style asks for it.

APA 7

U.S. Census Bureau. (2026). Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), other services (NAICS 81), all legal forms (US states by nonemployer businesses: other services, 2019) [Data set]. Retrieved October 12, 2026, from https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2019/historical-datasets/

MLA 9

Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), other services (NAICS 81), all legal forms, US states by nonemployer businesses: other services, 2019. U.S. Census Bureau, 8 Oct. 2026, https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2019/historical-datasets/. Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-businesses-other-services/us-states?period=2019. Accessed 12 Oct. 2026.

Chicago (author-date)

U.S. Census Bureau. 2026. Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), other services (NAICS 81), all legal forms. US states by nonemployer businesses: other services, 2019. Dataset. Accessed October 12, 2026. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2019/historical-datasets/. Also distributed by Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-businesses-other-services/us-states?period=2019.

Harvard

U.S. Census Bureau (2026) Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), other services (NAICS 81), all legal forms, US states by nonemployer businesses: other services, 2019 [Dataset]. Available at: https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2019/historical-datasets/, via Invokely: https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-businesses-other-services/us-states?period=2019 (Accessed: 12 October 2026).

BibTeX
@misc{census_us_states_by_nonemployer_2019,
  author = {{U.S. Census Bureau}},
  title = {{Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), other services (NAICS 81), all legal forms: US states by nonemployer businesses: other services, 2019}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {Data set},
  url = {https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2019/historical-datasets/},
  urldate = {2026-10-12},
  note = {Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-businesses-other-services/us-states?period=2019. Publisher attribution: U.S. Census Bureau. Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), other services (NAICS 81), all legal forms. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2019/historical-datasets/. Retrieved 2026-10-12.},
}
RIS
TY  - DATA
AU  - U.S. Census Bureau
TI  - Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), other services (NAICS 81), all legal forms: US states by nonemployer businesses: other services, 2019
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/08
PB  - U.S. Census Bureau
DB  - Invokely
UR  - https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2019/historical-datasets/
L2  - https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-businesses-other-services/us-states?period=2019
Y2  - 2026/10/12
N1  - Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-businesses-other-services/us-states?period=2019.
N1  - Publisher attribution: U.S. Census Bureau. Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), other services (NAICS 81), all legal forms. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2019/historical-datasets/. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
ER  -
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Questions

Which state has the highest nonemployer businesses: other services?

California, with 350,973 in 2019, according to the U.S. Census Bureau.

Which state has the lowest nonemployer businesses: other services?

Alaska, with 4,429 in 2019.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: U.S. Census Bureau, Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), other services (NAICS 81), all legal forms. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

US states: more rankings