Data / Rankings / Domestic credit to the private sector / EU countries

EU countries by domestic credit to the private sector

Denmark had the highest domestic credit to the private sector of 27 EU countries in 2023, at 147.5% of GDP. Romania had the lowest, at 23.3% of GDP. The median was 61.5% of GDP. Source: the World Bank.

Highest147.5Denmark
Lowest23.3Romania
Median61.527 EU countries

All EU countries, 2023

Denmark: 147.5 % of GDPDenmark147.5Sweden: 129.1 % of GDPSweden129.1France: 112.6 % of GDPFrance112.6Finland: 93.2 % of GDPFinland93.2Luxembourg: 93.2 % of GDPLuxembourg93.2Netherlands: 85.5 % of GDPNetherlands85.5Austria: 84.1 % of GDPAustria84.1Portugal: 80.2 % of GDPPortugal80.2Spain: 78.3 % of GDPSpain78.3Germany: 77.3 % of GDPGermany77.3Belgium: 69.3 % of GDPBelgium69.3Malta: 64.2 % of GDPMalta64.2Italy: 63.1 % of GDPItaly63.1Slovakia: 61.5 % of GDPSlovakia61.5Cyprus: 60.6 % of GDPCyprus60.6Estonia: 57.7 % of GDPEstonia57.7Greece: 49.2 % of GDPGreece49.2Czechia: 47.7 % of GDPCzechia47.7Croatia: 46.4 % of GDPCroatia46.4Bulgaria: 45.3 % of GDPBulgaria45.3Slovenia: 36.3 % of GDPSlovenia36.3Poland: 34.7 % of GDPPoland34.7Lithuania: 34.1 % of GDPLithuania34.1Hungary: 32.9 % of GDPHungary32.9Latvia: 28.6 % of GDPLatvia28.6Ireland: 25.2 % of GDPIreland25.2Romania: 23.3 % of GDPRomania23.3
% of GDP. Source: World Bank, Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) (FS.AST.PRVT.GD.ZS). Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Full ranking

RankEU countries2023
% of GDP		Change on 2022
1Denmark147.5+4.1 pts
2Sweden129.1-6.9 pts
3France112.6-6.7 pts
4Finland93.2-3 pts
5Luxembourg93.2-9.3 pts
6Netherlands85.5-3.3 pts
7Austria84.1-5.1 pts
8Portugal80.2-9.2 pts
9Spain78.3-9.8 pts
10Germany77.3-3.8 pts
11Belgium69.3-3.2 pts
12Malta64.2-4.8 pts
13Italy63.1-6.5 pts
14Slovakia61.5-5.3 pts
15Cyprus60.6-10.2 pts
16Estonia57.7+0.4 pts
17Greece49.2-3.2 pts
18Czechia47.7-0.9 pts
19Croatia46.4-4.1 pts
20Bulgaria45.3+0.6 pts
21Slovenia36.3-4.8 pts
22Poland34.7-4.6 pts
23Lithuania34.1-1.8 pts
24Hungary32.9-3.1 pts
25Latvia28.6-2.4 pts
26Ireland25.2-0.2 pts
27Romania23.3-2 pts

Other periods

About this ranking

Financial corporations' claims on the private sector, including loans, non-equity securities and trade credit, as a percentage of GDP. Some countries include credit to public enterprises.

Can include central banks, deposit banks and other financial corporations, so it is not a bank-loans-only measure. A published zero is valid. The latest year varies by country.

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the EU countries are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

World Bank, World Development Indicators. Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) (FS.AST.PRVT.GD.ZS). https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/FS.AST.PRVT.GD.ZS. Retrieved 2026-10-12. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.

Citation styles

The publisher is the author. Invokely is named only as the place the figures were read, where a style asks for it.

APA 7

World Bank. (2026). Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) (FS.AST.PRVT.GD.ZS) (EU countries by domestic credit to the private sector, 2023) [Data set]. Retrieved October 12, 2026, from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/FS.AST.PRVT.GD.ZS

MLA 9

Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) (FS.AST.PRVT.GD.ZS), EU countries by domestic credit to the private sector, 2023. World Bank, 8 Oct. 2026, https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/FS.AST.PRVT.GD.ZS. Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/domestic-credit-private-sector/eu-countries?period=2023. Accessed 12 Oct. 2026.

Chicago (author-date)

World Bank. 2026. Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) (FS.AST.PRVT.GD.ZS). EU countries by domestic credit to the private sector, 2023. Dataset. Accessed October 12, 2026. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/FS.AST.PRVT.GD.ZS. Also distributed by Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/domestic-credit-private-sector/eu-countries?period=2023.

Harvard

World Bank (2026) Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) (FS.AST.PRVT.GD.ZS), EU countries by domestic credit to the private sector, 2023 [Dataset]. Available at: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/FS.AST.PRVT.GD.ZS, via Invokely: https://invokely.ai/rankings/domestic-credit-private-sector/eu-countries?period=2023 (Accessed: 12 October 2026).

BibTeX
@misc{world_eu_countries_by_domestic_2023,
  author = {{World Bank}},
  title = {{Domestic credit to private sector (\% of GDP) (FS.AST.PRVT.GD.ZS): EU countries by domestic credit to the private sector, 2023}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {Data set},
  url = {https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/FS.AST.PRVT.GD.ZS},
  urldate = {2026-10-12},
  note = {Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/domestic-credit-private-sector/eu-countries?period=2023. Publisher attribution: World Bank, World Development Indicators. Domestic credit to private sector (\% of GDP) (FS.AST.PRVT.GD.ZS). https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/FS.AST.PRVT.GD.ZS. Retrieved 2026-10-12. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.},
}
RIS
TY  - DATA
AU  - World Bank
TI  - Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) (FS.AST.PRVT.GD.ZS): EU countries by domestic credit to the private sector, 2023
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/08
PB  - World Bank
DB  - Invokely
UR  - https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/FS.AST.PRVT.GD.ZS
L2  - https://invokely.ai/rankings/domestic-credit-private-sector/eu-countries?period=2023
Y2  - 2026/10/12
N1  - Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/domestic-credit-private-sector/eu-countries?period=2023.
N1  - Publisher attribution: World Bank, World Development Indicators. Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) (FS.AST.PRVT.GD.ZS). https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/FS.AST.PRVT.GD.ZS. Retrieved 2026-10-12. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.
ER  -
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Questions

Which EU country has the highest domestic credit to the private sector?

Denmark, with 147.5% of GDP in 2023, according to the World Bank.

Which EU country has the lowest domestic credit to the private sector?

Romania, with 23.3% of GDP in 2023.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: World Bank, Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) (FS.AST.PRVT.GD.ZS). Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Domestic credit to the private sector: other rankings

EU countries: more rankings