Data / Rankings / GDP per capita growth / EU countries

EU countries by GDP per capita growth

Malta had the highest GDP per capita growth of 27 EU countries in 2023, at 6.3%. Ireland had the lowest, at -4.35%. The median was 0.62%. Source: the World Bank.

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Highest6.3Malta
Lowest-4.35Ireland
Median0.6227 EU countries

Map of EU countries, 2023

Austria: -1.76 %Belgium: 0.7 %Bulgaria: 1.97 %Cyprus: 1.64 %Czechia: -1.72 %Germany: -1 %Denmark: -0.14 %Estonia: -4.27 %Spain: 1.26 %Finland: -1.78 %France: 1.16 %Greece: 2.43 %Croatia: 3.65 %Hungary: -0.68 %Ireland: -4.35 %Italy: 0.97 %Lithuania: -0.66 %Luxembourg: -1.9 %Latvia: -1.17 %Malta: 6.3 %Netherlands: -1.58 %Poland: 0.62 %Portugal: 1.7 %Romania: 2.19 %Sweden: -0.67 %Slovenia: 1.97 %Slovakia: 2.21 %
  • Under -1.8
  • -1.8 to -1
  • -1 to 0
  • 0 to 1.4
  • 1.4 to 2.1
  • 2.1 and over
%, 2023. Red areas are below zero and blue areas above it. Source: World Bank, GDP per capita growth (annual %) (NY.GDP.PCAP.KD.ZG). Boundaries: Natural Earth (public domain).

All EU countries, 2023

Malta: 6.3 %Malta6.3Croatia: 3.65 %Croatia3.65Greece: 2.43 %Greece2.43Slovakia: 2.21 %Slovakia2.21Romania: 2.19 %Romania2.19Bulgaria: 1.97 %Bulgaria1.97Slovenia: 1.97 %Slovenia1.97Portugal: 1.7 %Portugal1.7Cyprus: 1.64 %Cyprus1.64Spain: 1.26 %Spain1.26France: 1.16 %France1.16Italy: 0.97 %Italy0.97Belgium: 0.7 %Belgium0.7Poland: 0.62 %Poland0.62Denmark: -0.14 %Denmark-0.14Lithuania: -0.66 %Lithuania-0.66Sweden: -0.67 %Sweden-0.67Hungary: -0.68 %Hungary-0.68Germany: -1 %Germany-1Latvia: -1.17 %Latvia-1.17Netherlands: -1.58 %Netherlands-1.58Czechia: -1.72 %Czechia-1.72Austria: -1.76 %Austria-1.76Finland: -1.78 %Finland-1.78Luxembourg: -1.9 %Luxembourg-1.9Estonia: -4.27 %Estonia-4.27Ireland: -4.35 %Ireland-4.35Malta: 6.3 %Malta6.3Croatia: 3.65 %Croatia3.65Greece: 2.43 %Greece2.43Slovakia: 2.21 %Slovakia2.21Romania: 2.19 %Romania2.19Bulgaria: 1.97 %Bulgaria1.97Slovenia: 1.97 %Slovenia1.97Portugal: 1.7 %Portugal1.7Cyprus: 1.64 %Cyprus1.64Spain: 1.26 %Spain1.26France: 1.16 %France1.16Italy: 0.97 %Italy0.97Belgium: 0.7 %Belgium0.7Poland: 0.62 %Poland0.62Denmark: -0.14 %Denmark-0.14Lithuania: -0.66 %Lithuania-0.66Sweden: -0.67 %Sweden-0.67Hungary: -0.68 %Hungary-0.68Germany: -1 %Germany-1Latvia: -1.17 %Latvia-1.17Netherlands: -1.58 %Netherlands-1.58Czechia: -1.72 %Czechia-1.72Austria: -1.76 %Austria-1.76Finland: -1.78 %Finland-1.78Luxembourg: -1.9 %Luxembourg-1.9Estonia: -4.27 %Estonia-4.27Ireland: -4.35 %Ireland-4.35
%. Source: World Bank, GDP per capita growth (annual %) (NY.GDP.PCAP.KD.ZG). Retrieved 2026-10-18.

Full ranking

RankEU countries2023 (%)Change on 2022
1Malta6.3+6.22 pts
2Croatia3.65-4.29 pts
3Greece2.43-4.42 pts
4Slovakia2.21+1.38 pts
5Romania2.19-2.4 pts
6Bulgaria1.97-2.79 pts
7Slovenia1.97-0.5 pts
8Portugal1.7-4.54 pts
9Cyprus1.64-5.1 pts
10Spain1.26-4.35 pts
11France1.16-1.04 pts
12Italy0.97-4.06 pts
13Belgium0.7-2.49 pts
14Poland0.62-5.1 pts
15Denmark-0.14+0.21 pts
16Lithuania-0.66-2.29 pts
17Sweden-0.67-1.24 pts
18Hungary-0.68-5.12 pts
19Germany-1-2.83 pts
20Latvia-1.17-3.35 pts
21Netherlands-1.58-5.59 pts
22Czechia-1.72-2.96 pts
23Austria-1.76-6.09 pts
24Finland-1.78-2.27 pts
25Luxembourg-1.9+1.17 pts
26Estonia-4.27-1.73 pts
27Ireland-4.35-9.75 pts

Other periods

About this ranking

Annual percentage change in real GDP per person, from GDP at constant 2015 US dollars divided by mid-year population. World Bank national accounts data, compiled from national statistical offices and central banks and from OECD national accounts files.

Below gdp_growth when the population grows, above it when the population shrinks. Wars and oil shocks move it by tens of points in a year.

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the EU countries are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

World Bank, World Development Indicators. GDP per capita growth (annual %) (NY.GDP.PCAP.KD.ZG). https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.KD.ZG. Retrieved 2026-10-18. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.

Citation styles

The publisher is the author. Invokely is named only as the place the figures were read, where a style asks for it.

APA 7

World Bank. (2026). GDP per capita growth (annual %) (NY.GDP.PCAP.KD.ZG) (EU countries by GDP per capita growth, 2023) [Data set]. Retrieved October 18, 2026, from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.KD.ZG

MLA 9

GDP per capita growth (annual %) (NY.GDP.PCAP.KD.ZG), EU countries by GDP per capita growth, 2023. World Bank, 8 Oct. 2026, https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.KD.ZG. Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/gdp-per-capita-growth/eu-countries?period=2023. Accessed 18 Oct. 2026.

Chicago (author-date)

World Bank. 2026. GDP per capita growth (annual %) (NY.GDP.PCAP.KD.ZG). EU countries by GDP per capita growth, 2023. Dataset. Accessed October 18, 2026. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.KD.ZG. Also distributed by Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/gdp-per-capita-growth/eu-countries?period=2023.

Harvard

World Bank (2026) GDP per capita growth (annual %) (NY.GDP.PCAP.KD.ZG), EU countries by GDP per capita growth, 2023 [Dataset]. Available at: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.KD.ZG, via Invokely: https://invokely.ai/rankings/gdp-per-capita-growth/eu-countries?period=2023 (Accessed: 18 October 2026).

BibTeX
@misc{world_eu_countries_by_gdp_2023,
  author = {{World Bank}},
  title = {{GDP per capita growth (annual \%) (NY.GDP.PCAP.KD.ZG): EU countries by GDP per capita growth, 2023}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {Data set},
  url = {https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.KD.ZG},
  urldate = {2026-10-18},
  note = {Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/gdp-per-capita-growth/eu-countries?period=2023. Publisher attribution: World Bank, World Development Indicators. GDP per capita growth (annual \%) (NY.GDP.PCAP.KD.ZG). https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.KD.ZG. Retrieved 2026-10-18. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.},
}
RIS
TY  - DATA
AU  - World Bank
TI  - GDP per capita growth (annual %) (NY.GDP.PCAP.KD.ZG): EU countries by GDP per capita growth, 2023
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/08
PB  - World Bank
DB  - Invokely
UR  - https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.KD.ZG
L2  - https://invokely.ai/rankings/gdp-per-capita-growth/eu-countries?period=2023
Y2  - 2026/10/18
N1  - Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/gdp-per-capita-growth/eu-countries?period=2023.
N1  - Publisher attribution: World Bank, World Development Indicators. GDP per capita growth (annual %) (NY.GDP.PCAP.KD.ZG). https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.KD.ZG. Retrieved 2026-10-18. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.
ER  -
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Questions

Which EU country has the highest GDP per capita growth?

Malta, with 6.3% in 2023, according to the World Bank.

Which EU country has the lowest GDP per capita growth?

Ireland, with -4.35% in 2023.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: World Bank, GDP per capita growth (annual %) (NY.GDP.PCAP.KD.ZG). Retrieved 2026-10-18.

GDP per capita growth: other rankings

EU countries: more rankings