US states by GDP by industry: government

California had the highest GDP by industry: government of 51 states in 2023, at $408.85 billion. Vermont had the lowest, at $5.76 billion. The median was $39.46 billion and the figure for the United States was $3.11 trillion. Source: the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis.

Highest408,853.3California

Lowest5,756.8Vermont

Median39,458.851 states

United States3,106,439History

Map of states, 2023

Under 11K
11K to 26K
26K to 39K
39K to 54K
54K to 89K
89K and over

USD million, 2023. Source: BEA, SAGDP2: gross domestic product (GDP) by state, Government and government enterprises (NAICS 92), millions of current dollars. Boundaries: U.S. Census Bureau cartographic boundary files.

All states, 2023

USD million. Source: BEA, SAGDP2: gross domestic product (GDP) by state, Government and government enterprises (NAICS 92), millions of current dollars. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Full ranking

Rank	States	2023 USD million	Change on 2022
1	California	408,853.3	+7.2%
2	Texas	238,253.6	+9.2%
3	New York	212,012.5	+6.3%
4	Florida	135,568	-1.9%
5	Virginia	118,226.5	+6.6%
6	Maryland	104,604.8	+5.4%
7	Illinois	98,445.1	+6.3%
8	North Carolina	90,633.4	+3.2%
9	Washington	89,735.1	+6.1%
10	Ohio	89,006.5	+6.3%
11	Pennsylvania	83,616.1	+5.4%
12	Georgia	83,545	+5.1%
13	New Jersey	74,393.5	+5.9%
14	Michigan	66,120.1	+8.7%
15	Massachusetts	63,091.8	+4.7%
16	Colorado	59,345.9	+8.6%
17	District of Columbia	54,596.6	+3.5%
18	Arizona	53,642.9	+2.3%
19	Tennessee	50,632.3	+3.9%
20	Alabama	46,618.1	+6.4%
21	Missouri	44,453.6	+7.6%
22	Minnesota	44,170.1	+6%
23	Wisconsin	43,640.4	+6.2%
24	South Carolina	43,119.9	+6%
25	Indiana	40,955.6	+3.9%
26	Oregon	39,458.8	+6.7%
27	Oklahoma	39,106.4	+3.4%
28	Kentucky	34,120.5	+9.1%
29	Louisiana	34,116.8	+8.1%
30	Connecticut	31,298.8	+5.5%
31	New Mexico	29,964.8	+6.8%
32	Utah	29,658.7	+10.1%
33	Kansas	26,343.5	+7.2%
34	Iowa	26,334.5	+7.6%
35	Mississippi	23,892	+6.6%
36	Nevada	23,054.9	+5.6%
37	Hawaii	21,195.6	+5.9%
38	Arkansas	19,981.5	+4.3%
39	Nebraska	19,232.8	+5.3%
40	West Virginia	15,100.9	+6.3%
41	Idaho	13,337.8	+8.5%
42	Alaska	12,655.3	+6.8%
43	Maine	10,676.9	+5.8%
44	New Hampshire	10,507.5	+7.2%
45	Rhode Island	9,845.3	+8.4%
46	Montana	9,220.9	+7%
47	Delaware	8,834.8	+2.8%
48	North Dakota	7,719.9	+7.5%
49	South Dakota	7,503.6	+8.7%
50	Wyoming	7,432.7	+5.3%
51	Vermont	5,756.8	+5.4%

Other periods

About this ranking

Value added by government and government enterprises (federal civilian, military, and state and local government, including public schools and hospitals and enterprises such as the Postal Service) (NAICS 92), the industry's contribution to gross domestic product (GDP), in millions of current US dollars. United States and states: Bureau of Economic Analysis GDP by state, table SAGDP2, line 83.

Government value added is mostly the pay of public employees. For the United States it includes federal activity overseas (military and civilian staff abroad), so the national value is larger than the sum of the states. Millions of current US dollars, not adjusted for inflation; for real growth of the whole economy use gdp_growth. Industries are the sectors of the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), counted where production takes place. The 20 sector values of a place add up to its gdp_usd, apart from rounding. BEA leaves out values that would disclose a single company, marked (D), and values below $50,000, marked (L); they are missing here, not zero.

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the states are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. SAGDP2: gross domestic product (GDP) by state, Government and government enterprises (NAICS 92), millions of current dollars. https://apps.bea.gov/regional/zip/SAGDP.zip. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Citation styles

The publisher is the author. Invokely is named only as the place the figures were read, where a style asks for it.

APA 7

U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. (2026). SAGDP2: gross domestic product (GDP) by state, Government and government enterprises (NAICS 92), millions of current dollars (US states by GDP by industry: government, 2023) [Data set]. Retrieved October 12, 2026, from https://apps.bea.gov/regional/zip/SAGDP.zip

MLA 9

SAGDP2: gross domestic product (GDP) by state, Government and government enterprises (NAICS 92), millions of current dollars, US states by GDP by industry: government, 2023. U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, 30 Sept. 2026, https://apps.bea.gov/regional/zip/SAGDP.zip. Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/gdp-by-industry-government/us-states?period=2023. Accessed 12 Oct. 2026.

Chicago (author-date)

U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. 2026. SAGDP2: gross domestic product (GDP) by state, Government and government enterprises (NAICS 92), millions of current dollars. US states by GDP by industry: government, 2023. Dataset. Accessed October 12, 2026. https://apps.bea.gov/regional/zip/SAGDP.zip. Also distributed by Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/gdp-by-industry-government/us-states?period=2023.

Harvard

U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (2026) SAGDP2: gross domestic product (GDP) by state, Government and government enterprises (NAICS 92), millions of current dollars, US states by GDP by industry: government, 2023 [Dataset]. Available at: https://apps.bea.gov/regional/zip/SAGDP.zip, via Invokely: https://invokely.ai/rankings/gdp-by-industry-government/us-states?period=2023 (Accessed: 12 October 2026).

BibTeX

@misc{bureau_us_states_by_gdp_2023,
  author = {{U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis}},
  title = {{SAGDP2: gross domestic product (GDP) by state, Government and government enterprises (NAICS 92), millions of current dollars: US states by GDP by industry: government, 2023}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {Data set},
  url = {https://apps.bea.gov/regional/zip/SAGDP.zip},
  urldate = {2026-10-12},
  note = {Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/gdp-by-industry-government/us-states?period=2023. Publisher attribution: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. SAGDP2: gross domestic product (GDP) by state, Government and government enterprises (NAICS 92), millions of current dollars. https://apps.bea.gov/regional/zip/SAGDP.zip. Retrieved 2026-10-12.},
}

RIS

TY  - DATA
AU  - U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis
TI  - SAGDP2: gross domestic product (GDP) by state, Government and government enterprises (NAICS 92), millions of current dollars: US states by GDP by industry: government, 2023
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/09/30
PB  - U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis
DB  - Invokely
UR  - https://apps.bea.gov/regional/zip/SAGDP.zip
L2  - https://invokely.ai/rankings/gdp-by-industry-government/us-states?period=2023
Y2  - 2026/10/12
N1  - Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/gdp-by-industry-government/us-states?period=2023.
N1  - Publisher attribution: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. SAGDP2: gross domestic product (GDP) by state, Government and government enterprises (NAICS 92), millions of current dollars. https://apps.bea.gov/regional/zip/SAGDP.zip. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
ER  -

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Questions

Which state has the highest GDP by industry: government?

California, with $408.85 billion in 2023, according to the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis.

Which state has the lowest GDP by industry: government?

Vermont, with $5.76 billion in 2023.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, SAGDP2: gross domestic product (GDP) by state, Government and government enterprises (NAICS 92), millions of current dollars. Retrieved 2026-10-12.