EU countries by energy import dependency

Malta had the highest energy import dependency of 27 EU countries in 2023, at 97.6%. Estonia had the lowest, at 3.5%. The median was 60.3% and the figure for the European Union (27) was 58.3%. Source: Eurostat, European Commission.

Highest97.6Malta

Lowest3.5Estonia

Median60.327 EU countries

European Union (27)58.3History

Map of EU countries, 2023

Under 40
40 to 52
52 to 67
67 to 75
75 and over

%, 2023. Source: Eurostat, Energy imports dependency, all products (nrg_ind_id). Boundaries: Natural Earth (public domain).

All EU countries, 2023

%. Source: Eurostat, Energy imports dependency, all products (nrg_ind_id). Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Full ranking

Rank	EU countries	2023 (%)	Change on 2022
1	Malta	97.6	-1.4 pts
2	Cyprus	92.2	+0.2 pts
3	Luxembourg	91.4	-0 pts
4	Ireland	77.8	-1.3 pts
5	Belgium	75.8	+2.1 pts
6	Greece	75.4	-4.1 pts
7	Italy	75.4	-4.1 pts
8	Netherlands	70.4	-9.8 pts
9	Lithuania	69.5	-2.9 pts
10	Spain	68.3	-5.9 pts
11	Portugal	66.9	-4.4 pts
12	Germany	66.8	-1.8 pts
13	Hungary	62.1	-2.1 pts
14	Austria	60.3	-13.7 pts
15	Slovakia	58.4	-11.2 pts
16	Croatia	55.7	-4.6 pts
17	Slovenia	49.3	-4.6 pts
18	Poland	48	+1.9 pts
19	France	44.8	-7 pts
20	Czechia	41.7	-0.1 pts
21	Denmark	39.7	-3.4 pts
22	Bulgaria	39.5	+2.4 pts
23	Latvia	32.7	-5.5 pts
24	Finland	29.7	-11.2 pts
25	Romania	27.9	-4.6 pts
26	Sweden	26.4	-0.6 pts
27	Estonia	3.5	-2.7 pts

Other periods

About this ranking

Net energy imports (imports minus exports) as a percentage of gross available energy, all fuels.

A negative value means the country is a net exporter of energy. Values above 100 occur when imports also cover fuel stocks built up or fuel sold to international ships and aircraft.

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the EU countries are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

Eurostat. Energy imports dependency, all products (nrg_ind_id). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nrg_ind_id/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Citation styles

The publisher is the author. Invokely is named only as the place the figures were read, where a style asks for it.

APA 7

Eurostat, European Commission. (2026). Energy imports dependency, all products (nrg_ind_id) (EU countries by energy import dependency, 2023) [Data set]. Retrieved October 12, 2026, from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nrg_ind_id/default/table

MLA 9

Energy imports dependency, all products (nrg_ind_id), EU countries by energy import dependency, 2023. Eurostat, European Commission, 16 July 2026, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nrg_ind_id/default/table. Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/energy-import-dependency/eu-countries?period=2023. Accessed 12 Oct. 2026.

Chicago (author-date)

Eurostat, European Commission. 2026. Energy imports dependency, all products (nrg_ind_id). EU countries by energy import dependency, 2023. Dataset. Accessed October 12, 2026. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nrg_ind_id/default/table. Also distributed by Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/energy-import-dependency/eu-countries?period=2023.

Harvard

Eurostat, European Commission (2026) Energy imports dependency, all products (nrg_ind_id), EU countries by energy import dependency, 2023 [Dataset]. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nrg_ind_id/default/table, via Invokely: https://invokely.ai/rankings/energy-import-dependency/eu-countries?period=2023 (Accessed: 12 October 2026).

BibTeX

@misc{eurostat_eu_countries_by_energy_2023,
  author = {{Eurostat, European Commission}},
  title = {{Energy imports dependency, all products (nrg\_ind\_id): EU countries by energy import dependency, 2023}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {Data set},
  url = {https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nrg_ind_id/default/table},
  urldate = {2026-10-12},
  note = {Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/energy-import-dependency/eu-countries?period=2023. Publisher attribution: Eurostat. Energy imports dependency, all products (nrg\_ind\_id). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nrg\_ind\_id/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-12.},
}

RIS

TY  - DATA
AU  - Eurostat, European Commission
TI  - Energy imports dependency, all products (nrg_ind_id): EU countries by energy import dependency, 2023
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/07/16
PB  - Eurostat, European Commission
DB  - Invokely
UR  - https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nrg_ind_id/default/table
L2  - https://invokely.ai/rankings/energy-import-dependency/eu-countries?period=2023
Y2  - 2026/10/12
N1  - Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/energy-import-dependency/eu-countries?period=2023.
N1  - Publisher attribution: Eurostat. Energy imports dependency, all products (nrg_ind_id). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nrg_ind_id/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
ER  -

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Questions

Which EU country has the highest energy import dependency?

Malta, with 97.6% in 2023, according to Eurostat, European Commission.

Which EU country has the lowest energy import dependency?

Estonia, with 3.5% in 2023.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: Eurostat, European Commission, Energy imports dependency, all products (nrg_ind_id). Retrieved 2026-10-12.