Data / Rankings / Energy import dependency / EU countries

EU countries by energy import dependency

Malta had the highest energy import dependency of 27 EU countries in 2021, at 97%. Estonia had the lowest, at 1.4%. The median was 54.1% and the figure for the European Union (27) was 55.5%. Source: Eurostat, European Commission.

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Highest97Malta
Lowest1.4Estonia
Median54.127 EU countries
European Union (27)55.5History

Map of EU countries, 2021

Austria: 52 %Belgium: 70.8 %Bulgaria: 36.2 %Cyprus: 89.5 %Czechia: 40 %Germany: 63.4 %Denmark: 32.2 %Estonia: 1.4 %Spain: 69.4 %Finland: 37.9 %France: 44 %Greece: 73.8 %Croatia: 54.5 %Hungary: 54.1 %Ireland: 77 %Italy: 73.4 %Lithuania: 73.3 %Luxembourg: 92.4 %Latvia: 38.3 %Malta: 97 %Netherlands: 58.5 %Poland: 40.5 %Portugal: 66.9 %Romania: 31.7 %Sweden: 21.2 %Slovenia: 48.6 %Slovakia: 52.6 %
  • Under 38
  • 38 to 50
  • 50 to 61
  • 61 to 73
  • 73 and over
%, 2021. Source: Eurostat, Energy imports dependency, all products (nrg_ind_id). Boundaries: Natural Earth (public domain).

All EU countries, 2021

Malta: 97 %Malta97Luxembourg: 92.4 %Luxembourg92.4Cyprus: 89.5 %Cyprus89.5Ireland: 77 %Ireland77Greece: 73.8 %Greece73.8Italy: 73.4 %Italy73.4Lithuania: 73.3 %Lithuania73.3Belgium: 70.8 %Belgium70.8Spain: 69.4 %Spain69.4Portugal: 66.9 %Portugal66.9Germany: 63.4 %Germany63.4Netherlands: 58.5 %Netherlands58.5Croatia: 54.5 %Croatia54.5Hungary: 54.1 %Hungary54.1Slovakia: 52.6 %Slovakia52.6Austria: 52 %Austria52Slovenia: 48.6 %Slovenia48.6France: 44 %France44Poland: 40.5 %Poland40.5Czechia: 40 %Czechia40Latvia: 38.3 %Latvia38.3Finland: 37.9 %Finland37.9Bulgaria: 36.2 %Bulgaria36.2Denmark: 32.2 %Denmark32.2Romania: 31.7 %Romania31.7Sweden: 21.2 %Sweden21.2Estonia: 1.4 %Estonia1.4Malta: 97 %Malta97Luxembourg: 92.4 %Luxembourg92.4Cyprus: 89.5 %Cyprus89.5Ireland: 77 %Ireland77Greece: 73.8 %Greece73.8Italy: 73.4 %Italy73.4Lithuania: 73.3 %Lithuania73.3Belgium: 70.8 %Belgium70.8Spain: 69.4 %Spain69.4Portugal: 66.9 %Portugal66.9Germany: 63.4 %Germany63.4Netherlands: 58.5 %Netherlands58.5Croatia: 54.5 %Croatia54.5Hungary: 54.1 %Hungary54.1Slovakia: 52.6 %Slovakia52.6Austria: 52 %Austria52Slovenia: 48.6 %Slovenia48.6France: 44 %France44Poland: 40.5 %Poland40.5Czechia: 40 %Czechia40Latvia: 38.3 %Latvia38.3Finland: 37.9 %Finland37.9Bulgaria: 36.2 %Bulgaria36.2Denmark: 32.2 %Denmark32.2Romania: 31.7 %Romania31.7Sweden: 21.2 %Sweden21.2Estonia: 1.4 %Estonia1.4
%. Source: Eurostat, Energy imports dependency, all products (nrg_ind_id). Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Full ranking

RankEU countries2021 (%)Change on 2020
1Malta97-0.5 pts
2Luxembourg92.40 pts
3Cyprus89.5-3.7 pts
4Ireland77+5.9 pts
5Greece73.8-7.6 pts
6Italy73.4-0 pts
7Lithuania73.3-1.6 pts
8Belgium70.8-7.4 pts
9Spain69.4+1.5 pts
10Portugal66.9+1.6 pts
11Germany63.4-0.3 pts
12Netherlands58.5-9.6 pts
13Croatia54.5+1 pts
14Hungary54.1-2.5 pts
15Slovakia52.6-3.7 pts
16Austria52-6.3 pts
17Slovenia48.6+2.9 pts
18France44-0.4 pts
19Poland40.5-2.3 pts
20Czechia40+1.2 pts
21Latvia38.3-7.1 pts
22Finland37.9-5.1 pts
23Bulgaria36.2-2 pts
24Denmark32.2-12.7 pts
25Romania31.7+3.5 pts
26Sweden21.2-10.8 pts
27Estonia1.4-9.1 pts

Other periods

About this ranking

Net energy imports (imports minus exports) as a percentage of gross available energy, all fuels.

A negative value means the country is a net exporter of energy. Values above 100 occur when imports also cover fuel stocks built up or fuel sold to international ships and aircraft.

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the EU countries are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

Eurostat. Energy imports dependency, all products (nrg_ind_id). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nrg_ind_id/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Citation styles

The publisher is the author. Invokely is named only as the place the figures were read, where a style asks for it.

APA 7

Eurostat, European Commission. (2026). Energy imports dependency, all products (nrg_ind_id) (EU countries by energy import dependency, 2021) [Data set]. Retrieved October 12, 2026, from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nrg_ind_id/default/table

MLA 9

Energy imports dependency, all products (nrg_ind_id), EU countries by energy import dependency, 2021. Eurostat, European Commission, 16 July 2026, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nrg_ind_id/default/table. Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/energy-import-dependency/eu-countries?period=2021. Accessed 12 Oct. 2026.

Chicago (author-date)

Eurostat, European Commission. 2026. Energy imports dependency, all products (nrg_ind_id). EU countries by energy import dependency, 2021. Dataset. Accessed October 12, 2026. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nrg_ind_id/default/table. Also distributed by Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/energy-import-dependency/eu-countries?period=2021.

Harvard

Eurostat, European Commission (2026) Energy imports dependency, all products (nrg_ind_id), EU countries by energy import dependency, 2021 [Dataset]. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nrg_ind_id/default/table, via Invokely: https://invokely.ai/rankings/energy-import-dependency/eu-countries?period=2021 (Accessed: 12 October 2026).

BibTeX
@misc{eurostat_eu_countries_by_energy_2021,
  author = {{Eurostat, European Commission}},
  title = {{Energy imports dependency, all products (nrg\_ind\_id): EU countries by energy import dependency, 2021}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {Data set},
  url = {https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nrg_ind_id/default/table},
  urldate = {2026-10-12},
  note = {Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/energy-import-dependency/eu-countries?period=2021. Publisher attribution: Eurostat. Energy imports dependency, all products (nrg\_ind\_id). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nrg\_ind\_id/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-12.},
}
RIS
TY  - DATA
AU  - Eurostat, European Commission
TI  - Energy imports dependency, all products (nrg_ind_id): EU countries by energy import dependency, 2021
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/07/16
PB  - Eurostat, European Commission
DB  - Invokely
UR  - https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nrg_ind_id/default/table
L2  - https://invokely.ai/rankings/energy-import-dependency/eu-countries?period=2021
Y2  - 2026/10/12
N1  - Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/energy-import-dependency/eu-countries?period=2021.
N1  - Publisher attribution: Eurostat. Energy imports dependency, all products (nrg_ind_id). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nrg_ind_id/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
ER  -
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Questions

Which EU country has the highest energy import dependency?

Malta, with 97% in 2021, according to Eurostat, European Commission.

Which EU country has the lowest energy import dependency?

Estonia, with 1.4% in 2021.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: Eurostat, European Commission, Energy imports dependency, all products (nrg_ind_id). Retrieved 2026-10-12.

EU countries: more rankings