Data / Crime and safety / The United States

Crime and safety in the United States

The latest figures for 4 indicators in the United States, how the states compare, and the source of each figure.

Figures last updated on 2026-10-12.

Prisoners under state or federal jurisdiction

Prisoners under state or federal jurisdiction in the United States were 1.25 million in 2023, up 2% from 2022.

Of 50 states in 2023, Texas had the most prisoners under state or federal jurisdiction (149,264) and Vermont the fewest (1,334).

United States, 20231.25 millionUp 2% from 2022History
Highest, 2023149,264Texas
Lowest, 20231,334Vermont
Texas: 149,264 countTexas149,264California: 95,962 countCalifornia95,962Florida: 87,207 countFlorida87,207Georgia: 50,425 countGeorgia50,425Ohio: 46,530 countOhio46,530Pennsylvania: 38,860 countPennsylvania38,860Arizona: 34,473 countArizona34,473Michigan: 32,986 countMichigan32,986New York: 32,583 countNew York32,583North Carolina: 30,685 countNorth Carolina30,685Texas: 149,264 countTexas149,264California: 95,962 countCalifornia95,962Florida: 87,207 countFlorida87,207Georgia: 50,425 countGeorgia50,425Ohio: 46,530 countOhio46,530Pennsylvania: 38,860 countPennsylvania38,860Arizona: 34,473 countArizona34,473Michigan: 32,986 countMichigan32,986New York: 32,583 countNew York32,583North Carolina: 30,685 countNorth Carolina30,685
Top 10 states, 2023. count. Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics.

Highest and lowest states

Full ranking of states. Sources: Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Prisoner Statistics: prisoners under the jurisdiction of state or federal correctional authorities, total (CSAT quick table and Prisoners in YYYY statistical tables).

Imprisonment rate (sentenced prisoners)

Imprisonment rate (sentenced prisoners) in the United States was 360 per 100,000 people in 2023, up 5 per 100,000 people from 2022.

Of 50 states in 2023, Mississippi had the highest imprisonment rate (652 per 100,000 people) and Massachusetts the lowest (96 per 100,000 people).

United States, 2023360 per 100,000 peopleUp 5 per 100,000 people from 2022History
Highest, 2023652 per 100,000 peopleMississippi
Lowest, 202396 per 100,000 peopleMassachusetts
Mississippi: 652 per 100,000 peopleMississippi652Louisiana: 617 per 100,000 peopleLouisiana617Arkansas: 596 per 100,000 peopleArkansas596Oklahoma: 545 per 100,000 peopleOklahoma545Idaho: 490 per 100,000 peopleIdaho490Texas: 477 per 100,000 peopleTexas477Georgia: 449 per 100,000 peopleGeorgia449Arizona: 448 per 100,000 peopleArizona448Montana: 438 per 100,000 peopleMontana438Kentucky: 423 per 100,000 peopleKentucky423Mississippi: 652 per 100,000 peopleMississippi652Louisiana: 617 per 100,000 peopleLouisiana617Arkansas: 596 per 100,000 peopleArkansas596Oklahoma: 545 per 100,000 peopleOklahoma545Idaho: 490 per 100,000 peopleIdaho490Texas: 477 per 100,000 peopleTexas477Georgia: 449 per 100,000 peopleGeorgia449Arizona: 448 per 100,000 peopleArizona448Montana: 438 per 100,000 peopleMontana438Kentucky: 423 per 100,000 peopleKentucky423
Top 10 states, 2023. per 100,000 people. Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics.

Highest and lowest states

Full ranking of states. Sources: Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Prisoner Statistics: imprisonment rate of sentenced prisoners per 100,000 U.S. residents, total (CSAT quick table and Prisoners in YYYY statistical tables).

Male imprisonment rate (sentenced prisoners)

Male imprisonment rate (sentenced prisoners) in the United States was 676 per 100,000 people in 2023, up 9 per 100,000 people from 2022.

Of 50 states in 2023, Mississippi had the highest male imprisonment rate (1,243 per 100,000 people) and Massachusetts the lowest (189 per 100,000 people).

United States, 2023676 per 100,000 peopleUp 9 per 100,000 people from 2022History
Highest, 20231,243 per 100,000 peopleMississippi
Lowest, 2023189 per 100,000 peopleMassachusetts
Mississippi: 1,243 per 100,000 peopleMississippi1,243Louisiana: 1,193 per 100,000 peopleLouisiana1,193Arkansas: 1,107 per 100,000 peopleArkansas1,107Oklahoma: 988 per 100,000 peopleOklahoma988Texas: 881 per 100,000 peopleTexas881Georgia: 855 per 100,000 peopleGeorgia855Idaho: 823 per 100,000 peopleIdaho823Arizona: 819 per 100,000 peopleArizona819Kentucky: 755 per 100,000 peopleKentucky755Alabama: 754 per 100,000 peopleAlabama754Mississippi: 1,243 per 100,000 peopleMississippi1,243Louisiana: 1,193 per 100,000 peopleLouisiana1,193Arkansas: 1,107 per 100,000 peopleArkansas1,107Oklahoma: 988 per 100,000 peopleOklahoma988Texas: 881 per 100,000 peopleTexas881Georgia: 855 per 100,000 peopleGeorgia855Idaho: 823 per 100,000 peopleIdaho823Arizona: 819 per 100,000 peopleArizona819Kentucky: 755 per 100,000 peopleKentucky755Alabama: 754 per 100,000 peopleAlabama754
Top 10 states, 2023. per 100,000 people. Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics.

Highest and lowest states

Full ranking of states. Sources: Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Prisoner Statistics: imprisonment rate of sentenced male prisoners per 100,000 male U.S. residents (CSAT quick table and Prisoners in YYYY statistical tables).

Female imprisonment rate (sentenced prisoners)

Female imprisonment rate (sentenced prisoners) in the United States was 51 per 100,000 people in 2023, up 2 per 100,000 people from 2022.

Of 50 states in 2023, Idaho had the highest female imprisonment rate (152 per 100,000 people) and Rhode Island the lowest (6 per 100,000 people).

United States, 202351 per 100,000 peopleUp 2 per 100,000 people from 2022History
Highest, 2023152 per 100,000 peopleIdaho
Lowest, 20236 per 100,000 peopleRhode Island
Idaho: 152 per 100,000 peopleIdaho152Montana: 133 per 100,000 peopleMontana133South Dakota: 125 per 100,000 peopleSouth Dakota125Oklahoma: 107 per 100,000 peopleOklahoma107Arkansas: 98 per 100,000 peopleArkansas98Kentucky: 96 per 100,000 peopleKentucky96Mississippi: 95 per 100,000 peopleMississippi95Wyoming: 90 per 100,000 peopleWyoming90Arizona: 79 per 100,000 peopleArizona79Texas: 75 per 100,000 peopleTexas75Idaho: 152 per 100,000 peopleIdaho152Montana: 133 per 100,000 peopleMontana133South Dakota: 125 per 100,000 peopleSouth Dakota125Oklahoma: 107 per 100,000 peopleOklahoma107Arkansas: 98 per 100,000 peopleArkansas98Kentucky: 96 per 100,000 peopleKentucky96Mississippi: 95 per 100,000 peopleMississippi95Wyoming: 90 per 100,000 peopleWyoming90Arizona: 79 per 100,000 peopleArizona79Texas: 75 per 100,000 peopleTexas75
Top 10 states, 2023. per 100,000 people. Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics.

Highest and lowest states

Full ranking of states. Sources: Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Prisoner Statistics: imprisonment rate of sentenced female prisoners per 100,000 female U.S. residents (CSAT quick table and Prisoners in YYYY statistical tables).

Sources and citations

Each figure comes from the table cited here. Cite the publisher; these citations include any notice the publisher requires.

  1. Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Prisoner Statistics. National Prisoner Statistics: prisoners under the jurisdiction of state or federal correctional authorities, total (CSAT quick table and Prisoners in YYYY statistical tables). https://bjs.ojp.gov/library/publications/prisoners-2023-statistical-tables. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
  2. Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Prisoner Statistics. National Prisoner Statistics: imprisonment rate of sentenced prisoners per 100,000 U.S. residents, total (CSAT quick table and Prisoners in YYYY statistical tables). https://bjs.ojp.gov/library/publications/prisoners-2023-statistical-tables. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
  3. Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Prisoner Statistics. National Prisoner Statistics: imprisonment rate of sentenced male prisoners per 100,000 male U.S. residents (CSAT quick table and Prisoners in YYYY statistical tables). https://bjs.ojp.gov/library/publications/prisoners-2023-statistical-tables. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
  4. Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Prisoner Statistics. National Prisoner Statistics: imprisonment rate of sentenced female prisoners per 100,000 female U.S. residents (CSAT quick table and Prisoners in YYYY statistical tables). https://bjs.ojp.gov/library/publications/prisoners-2023-statistical-tables. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Crime and safety in other areas

More topics for the United States

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