Data / Rankings / Government debt / EU countries

EU countries by government debt as a share of GDP

Greece had the highest government debt as a share of GDP of 27 EU countries in 2024, at 154.2% of GDP. Estonia had the lowest, at 23.5% of GDP. The median was 57.4% of GDP and the figure for the European Union (27) was 80.7% of GDP. Source: Eurostat, European Commission.

Highest154.2Greece
Lowest23.5Estonia
Median57.427 EU countries
European Union (27)80.7History

All EU countries, 2024

CSVChart (SVG)

GreeceGreece: 154.2 % of GDP154.2ItalyItaly: 134.7 % of GDP134.7FranceFrance: 112.6 % of GDP112.6BelgiumBelgium: 103.9 % of GDP103.9SpainSpain: 101.6 % of GDP101.6PortugalPortugal: 93.5 % of GDP93.5FinlandFinland: 82.4 % of GDP82.4AustriaAustria: 80 % of GDP80HungaryHungary: 73.5 % of GDP73.5SloveniaSlovenia: 66.4 % of GDP66.4CyprusCyprus: 62.7 % of GDP62.7GermanyGermany: 62.2 % of GDP62.2SlovakiaSlovakia: 59.7 % of GDP59.7CroatiaCroatia: 57.4 % of GDP57.4PolandPoland: 54.8 % of GDP54.8RomaniaRomania: 54.8 % of GDP54.8LatviaLatvia: 46.2 % of GDP46.2MaltaMalta: 45.9 % of GDP45.9NetherlandsNetherlands: 43.8 % of GDP43.8CzechiaCzechia: 43.3 % of GDP43.3IrelandIreland: 38.3 % of GDP38.3LithuaniaLithuania: 38 % of GDP38SwedenSweden: 34.2 % of GDP34.2DenmarkDenmark: 30.5 % of GDP30.5LuxembourgLuxembourg: 26.3 % of GDP26.3BulgariaBulgaria: 23.8 % of GDP23.8EstoniaEstonia: 23.5 % of GDP23.5
% of GDP. Source: Eurostat. Retrieved 2026-10-07.

Full ranking

RankEU countries2024
% of GDP		Change on 2023
1Greece154.2-10.1 pts
2Italy134.7+0.8 pts
3France112.6+3.1 pts
4Belgium103.9+1.4 pts
5Spain101.6-3.6 pts
6Portugal93.5-3.4 pts
7Finland82.4+5.4 pts
8Austria80+2.2 pts
9Hungary73.5+0.2 pts
10Slovenia66.4-1.9 pts
11Cyprus62.7-8.4 pts
12Germany62.2-0.1 pts
13Slovakia59.7+3.9 pts
14Croatia57.4-3.5 pts
15Poland54.8+5.3 pts
15Romania54.8+5.5 pts
17Latvia46.2+1.8 pts
18Malta45.9-1 pts
19Netherlands43.8-2 pts
20Czechia43.3+1.1 pts
21Ireland38.3-3.5 pts
22Lithuania38+0.9 pts
23Sweden34.2+2 pts
24Denmark30.5-2.5 pts
25Luxembourg26.3+1.6 pts
26Bulgaria23.8+0.9 pts
27Estonia23.5+3.3 pts

Other periods

About this ranking

General government consolidated gross debt (Maastricht definition) as a percentage of GDP.

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the EU countries are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

Eurostat. Government deficit and debt (gov_10dd_edpt1). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/gov_10dd_edpt1/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-07.

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Questions

Which EU country has the highest government debt as a share of GDP?

Greece, with 154.2% of GDP in 2024, according to Eurostat, European Commission.

Which EU country has the lowest government debt as a share of GDP?

Estonia, with 23.5% of GDP in 2024.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: Eurostat, European Commission, Government deficit and debt (gov_10dd_edpt1). Retrieved 2026-10-07.

EU countries: more rankings