Data / Rankings / Government debt / EU countries

EU countries by government debt as a share of GDP, 2025

Greece had the highest government debt as a share of GDP of 27 EU countries in 2025, at 146.1% of GDP. Estonia had the lowest, at 24.1% of GDP. The median was 59.3% of GDP and the figure for the European Union (27) was 81.7% of GDP. Source: Eurostat, European Commission.

Highest146.1Greece
Lowest24.1Estonia
Median59.327 EU countries
European Union (27)81.7History

All EU countries, 2025

CSVChart (SVG)

GreeceGreece: 146.1 % of GDP146.1ItalyItaly: 137.1 % of GDP137.1FranceFrance: 115.6 % of GDP115.6BelgiumBelgium: 107.9 % of GDP107.9SpainSpain: 100.7 % of GDP100.7PortugalPortugal: 89.7 % of GDP89.7FinlandFinland: 88.5 % of GDP88.5AustriaAustria: 81.5 % of GDP81.5HungaryHungary: 74.6 % of GDP74.6SloveniaSlovenia: 65.7 % of GDP65.7GermanyGermany: 63.5 % of GDP63.5SlovakiaSlovakia: 61.4 % of GDP61.4PolandPoland: 59.7 % of GDP59.7RomaniaRomania: 59.3 % of GDP59.3CroatiaCroatia: 56.3 % of GDP56.3CyprusCyprus: 55 % of GDP55LatviaLatvia: 46.9 % of GDP46.9MaltaMalta: 46.4 % of GDP46.4NetherlandsNetherlands: 44.4 % of GDP44.4CzechiaCzechia: 44.3 % of GDP44.3LithuaniaLithuania: 39.5 % of GDP39.5SwedenSweden: 35.1 % of GDP35.1IrelandIreland: 32.9 % of GDP32.9BulgariaBulgaria: 29.9 % of GDP29.9DenmarkDenmark: 27.9 % of GDP27.9LuxembourgLuxembourg: 26.5 % of GDP26.5EstoniaEstonia: 24.1 % of GDP24.1
% of GDP. Source: Eurostat. Retrieved 2026-10-07.

Full ranking

RankEU countries2025
% of GDP		Change on 2024
1Greece146.1-8.1 pts
2Italy137.1+2.4 pts
3France115.6+3 pts
4Belgium107.9+4 pts
5Spain100.7-0.9 pts
6Portugal89.7-3.8 pts
7Finland88.5+6.1 pts
8Austria81.5+1.5 pts
9Hungary74.6+1.1 pts
10Slovenia65.7-0.7 pts
11Germany63.5+1.3 pts
12Slovakia61.4+1.7 pts
13Poland59.7+4.9 pts
14Romania59.3+4.5 pts
15Croatia56.3-1.1 pts
16Cyprus55-7.7 pts
17Latvia46.9+0.7 pts
18Malta46.4+0.5 pts
19Netherlands44.4+0.6 pts
20Czechia44.3+1 pts
21Lithuania39.5+1.5 pts
22Sweden35.1+0.9 pts
23Ireland32.9-5.4 pts
24Bulgaria29.9+6.1 pts
25Denmark27.9-2.6 pts
26Luxembourg26.5+0.2 pts
27Estonia24.1+0.6 pts

Other periods

About this ranking

General government consolidated gross debt (Maastricht definition) as a percentage of GDP.

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the EU countries are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

Eurostat. Government deficit and debt (gov_10dd_edpt1). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/gov_10dd_edpt1/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-07.

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Questions

Which EU country has the highest government debt as a share of GDP?

Greece, with 146.1% of GDP in 2025, according to Eurostat, European Commission.

Which EU country has the lowest government debt as a share of GDP?

Estonia, with 24.1% of GDP in 2025.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: Eurostat, European Commission, Government deficit and debt (gov_10dd_edpt1). Retrieved 2026-10-07.

EU countries: more rankings