Data / Rankings / Government debt / EU countries

EU countries by government debt as a share of GDP

Greece had the highest government debt as a share of GDP of 27 EU countries in 2022, at 177.8% of GDP. Estonia had the lowest, at 19.2% of GDP. The median was 57.8% of GDP and the figure for the European Union (27) was 82.4% of GDP. Source: Eurostat, European Commission.

Highest177.8Greece
Lowest19.2Estonia
Median57.827 EU countries
European Union (27)82.4History

All EU countries, 2022

CSVChart (SVG)

GreeceGreece: 177.8 % of GDP177.8ItalyItaly: 138.4 % of GDP138.4FranceFrance: 111.4 % of GDP111.4PortugalPortugal: 111.2 % of GDP111.2SpainSpain: 109.3 % of GDP109.3BelgiumBelgium: 103.3 % of GDP103.3CyprusCyprus: 80.1 % of GDP80.1AustriaAustria: 78.1 % of GDP78.1HungaryHungary: 74.1 % of GDP74.1FinlandFinland: 74 % of GDP74SloveniaSlovenia: 72.8 % of GDP72.8CroatiaCroatia: 68.5 % of GDP68.5GermanyGermany: 64.4 % of GDP64.4SlovakiaSlovakia: 57.8 % of GDP57.8MaltaMalta: 50.3 % of GDP50.3PolandPoland: 48.8 % of GDP48.8NetherlandsNetherlands: 48.4 % of GDP48.4RomaniaRomania: 48.1 % of GDP48.1LatviaLatvia: 44.4 % of GDP44.4IrelandIreland: 43 % of GDP43CzechiaCzechia: 42.5 % of GDP42.5LithuaniaLithuania: 38.3 % of GDP38.3SwedenSweden: 34.4 % of GDP34.4DenmarkDenmark: 33.3 % of GDP33.3LuxembourgLuxembourg: 24.9 % of GDP24.9BulgariaBulgaria: 22.5 % of GDP22.5EstoniaEstonia: 19.2 % of GDP19.2
% of GDP. Source: Eurostat. Retrieved 2026-10-07.

Full ranking

RankEU countries2022
% of GDP		Change on 2021
1Greece177.8-19.5 pts
2Italy138.4-7.4 pts
3France111.4-1.4 pts
4Portugal111.2-12.7 pts
5Spain109.3-6.4 pts
6Belgium103.3-5.4 pts
7Cyprus80.1-16.4 pts
8Austria78.1-4.3 pts
9Hungary74.1-2.1 pts
10Finland74+0.9 pts
11Slovenia72.8-2 pts
12Croatia68.5-9.7 pts
13Germany64.4-3.5 pts
14Slovakia57.8-2.4 pts
15Malta50.3+0.6 pts
16Poland48.8-4.2 pts
17Netherlands48.4-2.1 pts
18Romania48.1-0.5 pts
19Latvia44.4-1.5 pts
20Ireland43-9.4 pts
21Czechia42.5+1.8 pts
22Lithuania38.3-5 pts
23Sweden34.4-2.8 pts
24Denmark33.3-6.3 pts
25Luxembourg24.9+0.7 pts
26Bulgaria22.5-1.3 pts
27Estonia19.2+0.8 pts

Other periods

About this ranking

General government consolidated gross debt (Maastricht definition) as a percentage of GDP.

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the EU countries are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

Eurostat. Government deficit and debt (gov_10dd_edpt1). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/gov_10dd_edpt1/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-07.

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Questions

Which EU country has the highest government debt as a share of GDP?

Greece, with 177.8% of GDP in 2022, according to Eurostat, European Commission.

Which EU country has the lowest government debt as a share of GDP?

Estonia, with 19.2% of GDP in 2022.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: Eurostat, European Commission, Government deficit and debt (gov_10dd_edpt1). Retrieved 2026-10-07.

EU countries: more rankings