Data / Population and demography / Spain

Population and demography in Spain

The latest figures for 8 indicators in Spain, how the autonomous communities compare, and the source of each figure.

Figures last updated on 2026-10-12.

Population

Population in Spain was 49.11 million in 2025, up 1.1% from 2024.

Of 19 autonomous communities in 2025, Andalusia had the highest population (8.67 million) and Ceuta the lowest (83,595).

Spain, 202549.11 millionUp 1.1% from 2024History
Highest, 20258.67 millionAndalusia
Lowest, 202583,595Ceuta
Andalusia: 8,666,412 personsAndalusia8,666,412Catalonia: 8,146,265 personsCatalonia8,146,265Community of Madrid: 7,137,031 personsCommunity of Madrid7,137,031Valencian Community: 5,415,843 personsValencian Community5,415,843Galicia: 2,713,169 personsGalicia2,713,169Castile and León: 2,398,500 personsCastile and León2,398,500Canary Islands: 2,249,976 personsCanary Islands2,249,976Basque Country: 2,242,342 personsBasque Country2,242,342Castilla-La Mancha: 2,119,234 personsCastilla-La Mancha2,119,234Region of Murcia: 1,589,138 personsRegion of Murcia1,589,138
Top 10 autonomous communities, 2025. persons. Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística.

Highest and lowest autonomous communities

Full ranking of autonomous communities. Sources: Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Cifras oficiales de población de los municipios españoles: Revisión del Padrón municipal (tabla 29005).

Natural change rate

Natural change rate in Spain was -2.5 per 1,000 inhabitants (provisional) in 2025, down 0.1 per 1,000 inhabitants from 2024.

Of 19 autonomous communities in 2024, Melilla had the highest natural change rate (4.2 per 1,000 inhabitants) and Asturias the lowest (-8.5 per 1,000 inhabitants).

Spain, 2025-2.5 per 1,000 inhabitantsDown 0.1 per 1,000 inhabitants from 2024History
Highest, 20244.2 per 1,000 inhabitantsMelilla
Lowest, 2024-8.5 per 1,000 inhabitantsAsturias
Melilla: 4.2 per 1,000 inhabitantsMelilla4.2Ceuta: 2 per 1,000 inhabitantsCeuta2Region of Murcia: 0.5 per 1,000 inhabitantsRegion of Murcia0.5Community of Madrid: 0.2 per 1,000 inhabitantsCommunity of Madrid0.2Balearic Islands: 0.1 per 1,000 inhabitantsBalearic Islands0.1Andalusia: -1.5 per 1,000 inhabitantsAndalusia-1.5Catalonia: -1.7 per 1,000 inhabitantsCatalonia-1.7Valencian Community: -2 per 1,000 inhabitantsValencian Community-2Navarre: -2.2 per 1,000 inhabitantsNavarre-2.2Canary Islands: -2.6 per 1,000 inhabitantsCanary Islands-2.6
Top 10 autonomous communities, 2024. per 1,000 inhabitants. Source: Eurostat, European Commission.

Highest and lowest autonomous communities

Full ranking of autonomous communities. Sources: Eurostat, European Commission, Population change, crude rate of natural change of population (demo_gind); Eurostat, European Commission, Population change, crude rate of natural change of population, by NUTS 2 and 3 region (demo_r_gind3).

Median age

Median age in Spain was 45.8 years in 2025, up 0.2 years from 2024.

Of 19 autonomous communities in 2025, Asturias had the highest median age (51.6 years) and Melilla the lowest (36.7 years).

Spain, 202545.8 yearsUp 0.2 years from 2024History
Highest, 202551.6 yearsAsturias
Lowest, 202536.7 yearsMelilla
Asturias: 51.6 yearsAsturias51.6Castile and León: 50.6 yearsCastile and León50.6Galicia: 50 yearsGalicia50Cantabria: 48.9 yearsCantabria48.9Basque Country: 48.3 yearsBasque Country48.3Extremadura: 47.7 yearsExtremadura47.7La Rioja: 47 yearsLa Rioja47Aragon: 46.9 yearsAragon46.9Canary Islands: 45.7 yearsCanary Islands45.7Navarre: 45.6 yearsNavarre45.6
Top 10 autonomous communities, 2025. years. Source: Eurostat, European Commission.

Highest and lowest autonomous communities

Full ranking of autonomous communities. Sources: Eurostat, European Commission, Population structure indicators by NUTS 3 region (demo_r_pjanind3).

Average age

Average age in Spain was 44.6 years in 2025, up 0.2 years from 2024.

Of 19 autonomous communities in 2025, Asturias had the highest average age (49.6 years) and Melilla the lowest (37.7 years).

Spain, 202544.6 yearsUp 0.2 years from 2024History
Highest, 202549.6 yearsAsturias
Lowest, 202537.7 yearsMelilla
Asturias: 49.6 yearsAsturias49.6Castile and León: 48.6 yearsCastile and León48.6Galicia: 48.5 yearsGalicia48.5Cantabria: 47.1 yearsCantabria47.1Basque Country: 46.5 yearsBasque Country46.5Extremadura: 46.1 yearsExtremadura46.1Aragon: 45.5 yearsAragon45.5La Rioja: 45.5 yearsLa Rioja45.5Canary Islands: 44.3 yearsCanary Islands44.3Valencian Community: 44.3 yearsValencian Community44.3
Top 10 autonomous communities, 2025. years. Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística.

Highest and lowest autonomous communities

Full ranking of autonomous communities. Sources: Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Indicadores demográficos básicos: edad media de la población (tablas 3197, 3198, 3199 y 30699); Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Indicadores demográficos básicos: edad media de la población (tablas 3197, 3198, 3199 y 30699).

Population aged 65 and over

Share of population aged 65 and over in Spain was 20.7% in 2025, up 0.3 percentage points from 2024.

Of 19 autonomous communities in 2025, Asturias had the highest share of population aged 65 and over (28.4%) and Melilla the lowest (12.7%).

Spain, 202520.7%Up 0.3 percentage points from 2024History
Highest, 202528.4%Asturias
Lowest, 202512.7%Melilla

Highest and lowest autonomous communities

Full ranking of autonomous communities. Sources: Invokely, Población de 65 años y más entre población total (Censo anual, INE).

Foreign nationals share of population

Share of foreign nationals in Spain was 14.1% in 2025, up 0.7 percentage points from 2024.

Of 19 autonomous communities in 2025, Balearic Islands had the highest share of foreign nationals (21.7%) and Extremadura the lowest (4.4%).

Spain, 202514.1%Up 0.7 percentage points from 2024History
Highest, 202521.7%Balearic Islands
Lowest, 20254.4%Extremadura

Highest and lowest autonomous communities

Full ranking of autonomous communities. Sources: Invokely, Población extranjera entre población total (Censo anual, INE).

Population density

Population density in Spain was 97.2 inhabitants per km² in 2024, up 1% from 2023.

Of 19 autonomous communities in 2024, Melilla had the highest population density (6,180.4 inhabitants per km²) and Castile and León the lowest (25.5 inhabitants per km²).

Spain, 202497.2 inhabitants per km²Up 1% from 2023History
Highest, 20246,180.4 inhabitants per km²Melilla
Lowest, 202425.5 inhabitants per km²Castile and León

Highest and lowest autonomous communities

Full ranking of autonomous communities. Sources: Eurostat, European Commission, Population density by NUTS 3 region (demo_r_d3dens).

Net migration including statistical adjustment

Net migration including statistical adjustment in Spain was 582,896 (provisional) in 2025, compared with 624,658 in 2024.

Of 19 autonomous communities in 2024, Catalonia had the highest net migration including statistical adjustment (125,672) and Ceuta the lowest (225).

Spain, 2025582,896Compared with 624,658 in 2024History
Highest, 2024125,672Catalonia
Lowest, 2024225Ceuta

Highest and lowest autonomous communities

Full ranking of autonomous communities. Sources: Eurostat, European Commission, Population change, net migration plus statistical adjustment (demo_gind); Eurostat, European Commission, Population change, net migration plus statistical adjustment, by NUTS 2 and 3 region (demo_r_gind3).

Sources and citations

Each figure comes from the table cited here. Cite the publisher; these citations include any notice the publisher requires.

  1. Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE). Cifras oficiales de población de los municipios españoles: Revisión del Padrón municipal (tabla 29005). https://www.ine.es/jaxiT3/Tabla.htm?t=29005. Retrieved 2026-10-07.
  2. Eurostat. Population change, crude rate of natural change of population (demo_gind). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/demo_gind/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
  3. Eurostat. Population change, crude rate of natural change of population, by NUTS 2 and 3 region (demo_r_gind3). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/demo_r_gind3/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
  4. Eurostat. Population structure indicators by NUTS 3 region (demo_r_pjanind3). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/demo_r_pjanind3/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-07.
  5. Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE). Indicadores demográficos básicos: edad media de la población (tablas 3197, 3198, 3199 y 30699). https://www.ine.es/jaxiT3/Tabla.htm?t=3197. Retrieved 2026-10-07.
  6. Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE). Indicadores demográficos básicos: edad media de la población (tablas 3197, 3198, 3199 y 30699). https://www.ine.es/jaxiT3/Tabla.htm?t=3198. Retrieved 2026-10-07.
  7. Invokely calculation from Población de 65 años y más entre población total (Censo anual, INE). https://invokely.ai/docs/methodology#population_65_plus_share. Retrieved 2026-10-08.
  8. Invokely calculation from Población extranjera entre población total (Censo anual, INE). https://invokely.ai/docs/methodology#foreign_population_share. Retrieved 2026-10-08.
  9. Eurostat. Population density by NUTS 3 region (demo_r_d3dens). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/demo_r_d3dens/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-07.
  10. Eurostat. Population change, net migration plus statistical adjustment (demo_gind). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/demo_gind/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
  11. Eurostat. Population change, net migration plus statistical adjustment, by NUTS 2 and 3 region (demo_r_gind3). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/demo_r_gind3/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Population and demography in other areas

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