Data / Rankings / Natural change rate / Autonomous communities of Spain

Autonomous communities of Spain by natural change rate, 2024

Melilla had the highest natural change rate of 19 autonomous communities in 2024, at 4.2 per 1,000 inhabitants. Asturias had the lowest, at -8.5 per 1,000 inhabitants. The median was -2.6 per 1,000 inhabitants and the figure for Spain was -2.4 per 1,000 inhabitants. Source: Eurostat, European Commission.

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Highest4.2Melilla
Lowest-8.5Asturias
Median-2.619 autonomous communities
Spain-2.4History

Map of autonomous communities, 2024

Andalusia: -1.5 per 1,000 inhabitantsAragon: -3.9 per 1,000 inhabitantsAsturias: -8.5 per 1,000 inhabitantsBalearic Islands: 0.1 per 1,000 inhabitantsCanary Islands: -2.6 per 1,000 inhabitantsCantabria: -5.2 per 1,000 inhabitantsCastile and León: -6.7 per 1,000 inhabitantsCastilla-La Mancha: -2.6 per 1,000 inhabitantsCatalonia: -1.7 per 1,000 inhabitantsValencian Community: -2 per 1,000 inhabitantsExtremadura: -4.7 per 1,000 inhabitantsGalicia: -7.2 per 1,000 inhabitantsCommunity of Madrid: 0.2 per 1,000 inhabitantsRegion of Murcia: 0.5 per 1,000 inhabitantsNavarre: -2.2 per 1,000 inhabitantsBasque Country: -4.2 per 1,000 inhabitantsLa Rioja: -3.9 per 1,000 inhabitantsCeuta: 2 per 1,000 inhabitantsMelilla: 4.2 per 1,000 inhabitants
  • Under -4.5
  • -4.5 to -2.6
  • -2.6 to 0
  • 0 to 0.3
  • 0.3 to 1.5
  • 1.5 and over
per 1,000 inhabitants, 2024. Red areas are below zero and blue areas above it. Source: Eurostat, Population change, crude rate of natural change of population, by NUTS 2 and 3 region (demo_r_gind3). Boundaries: Natural Earth (public domain).

All autonomous communities, 2024

Melilla: 4.2 per 1,000 inhabitantsMelilla4.2Ceuta: 2 per 1,000 inhabitantsCeuta2Region of Murcia: 0.5 per 1,000 inhabitantsRegion of Murcia0.5Community of Madrid: 0.2 per 1,000 inhabitantsCommunity of Madrid0.2Balearic Islands: 0.1 per 1,000 inhabitantsBalearic Islands0.1Andalusia: -1.5 per 1,000 inhabitantsAndalusia-1.5Catalonia: -1.7 per 1,000 inhabitantsCatalonia-1.7Valencian Community: -2 per 1,000 inhabitantsValencian Community-2Navarre: -2.2 per 1,000 inhabitantsNavarre-2.2Canary Islands: -2.6 per 1,000 inhabitantsCanary Islands-2.6Castilla-La Mancha: -2.6 per 1,000 inhabitantsCastilla-La Mancha-2.6Aragon: -3.9 per 1,000 inhabitantsAragon-3.9La Rioja: -3.9 per 1,000 inhabitantsLa Rioja-3.9Basque Country: -4.2 per 1,000 inhabitantsBasque Country-4.2Extremadura: -4.7 per 1,000 inhabitantsExtremadura-4.7Cantabria: -5.2 per 1,000 inhabitantsCantabria-5.2Castile and León: -6.7 per 1,000 inhabitantsCastile and León-6.7Galicia: -7.2 per 1,000 inhabitantsGalicia-7.2Asturias: -8.5 per 1,000 inhabitantsAsturias-8.5Melilla: 4.2 per 1,000 inhabitantsMelilla4.2Ceuta: 2 per 1,000 inhabitantsCeuta2Region of Murcia: 0.5 per 1,000 inhabitantsRegion of Murcia0.5Community of Madrid: 0.2 per 1,000 inhabitantsCommunity of Madrid0.2Balearic Islands: 0.1 per 1,000 inhabitantsBalearic Islands0.1Andalusia: -1.5 per 1,000 inhabitantsAndalusia-1.5Catalonia: -1.7 per 1,000 inhabitantsCatalonia-1.7Valencian Community: -2 per 1,000 inhabitantsValencian Community-2Navarre: -2.2 per 1,000 inhabitantsNavarre-2.2Canary Islands: -2.6 per 1,000 inhabitantsCanary Islands-2.6Castilla-La Mancha: -2.6 per 1,000 inhabitantsCastilla-La Mancha-2.6Aragon: -3.9 per 1,000 inhabitantsAragon-3.9La Rioja: -3.9 per 1,000 inhabitantsLa Rioja-3.9Basque Country: -4.2 per 1,000 inhabitantsBasque Country-4.2Extremadura: -4.7 per 1,000 inhabitantsExtremadura-4.7Cantabria: -5.2 per 1,000 inhabitantsCantabria-5.2Castile and León: -6.7 per 1,000 inhabitantsCastile and León-6.7Galicia: -7.2 per 1,000 inhabitantsGalicia-7.2Asturias: -8.5 per 1,000 inhabitantsAsturias-8.5
per 1,000 inhabitants. Source: Eurostat, Population change, crude rate of natural change of population, by NUTS 2 and 3 region (demo_r_gind3). Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Full ranking

RankAutonomous communities2024
per 1,000 inhabitants		Change on 2023
1Melilla4.2+1 pts
2Ceuta2+0.5 pts
3Region of Murcia0.5+0.1 pts
4Community of Madrid0.20 pts
5Balearic Islands0.10 pts
6Andalusia-1.50 pts
7Catalonia-1.70 pts
8Valencian Community-2+0.1 pts
9Navarre-2.2-0.2 pts
10Canary Islands-2.60 pts
10Castilla-La Mancha-2.60 pts
12Aragon-3.90 pts
12La Rioja-3.9-0.1 pts
14Basque Country-4.2-0.2 pts
15Extremadura-4.7-0.4 pts
16Cantabria-5.20 pts
17Castile and León-6.7-0.2 pts
18Galicia-7.2-0.3 pts
19Asturias-8.5-0.1 pts

Other periods

About this ranking

Live births minus deaths during the year per 1,000 average residents (Eurostat crude rate of natural change).

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the autonomous communities are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

Eurostat. Population change, crude rate of natural change of population, by NUTS 2 and 3 region (demo_r_gind3). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/demo_r_gind3/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Citation styles

The publisher is the author. Invokely is named only as the place the figures were read, where a style asks for it.

APA 7

Eurostat, European Commission. (2026). Population change, crude rate of natural change of population, by NUTS 2 and 3 region (demo_r_gind3) (Autonomous communities of Spain by natural change rate, 2024) [Data set]. Retrieved October 12, 2026, from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/demo_r_gind3/default/table

MLA 9

Population change, crude rate of natural change of population, by NUTS 2 and 3 region (demo_r_gind3), Autonomous communities of Spain by natural change rate, 2024. Eurostat, European Commission, 21 July 2026, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/demo_r_gind3/default/table. Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/natural-change-rate/spain-regions. Accessed 12 Oct. 2026.

Chicago (author-date)

Eurostat, European Commission. 2026. Population change, crude rate of natural change of population, by NUTS 2 and 3 region (demo_r_gind3). Autonomous communities of Spain by natural change rate, 2024. Dataset. Accessed October 12, 2026. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/demo_r_gind3/default/table. Also distributed by Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/natural-change-rate/spain-regions.

Harvard

Eurostat, European Commission (2026) Population change, crude rate of natural change of population, by NUTS 2 and 3 region (demo_r_gind3), Autonomous communities of Spain by natural change rate, 2024 [Dataset]. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/demo_r_gind3/default/table, via Invokely: https://invokely.ai/rankings/natural-change-rate/spain-regions (Accessed: 12 October 2026).

BibTeX
@misc{eurostat_autonomous_communities_of_spain_2024,
  author = {{Eurostat, European Commission}},
  title = {{Population change, crude rate of natural change of population, by NUTS 2 and 3 region (demo\_r\_gind3): Autonomous communities of Spain by natural change rate, 2024}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {Data set},
  url = {https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/demo_r_gind3/default/table},
  urldate = {2026-10-12},
  note = {Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/natural-change-rate/spain-regions. Publisher attribution: Eurostat. Population change, crude rate of natural change of population, by NUTS 2 and 3 region (demo\_r\_gind3). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/demo\_r\_gind3/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-12.},
}
RIS
TY  - DATA
AU  - Eurostat, European Commission
TI  - Population change, crude rate of natural change of population, by NUTS 2 and 3 region (demo_r_gind3): Autonomous communities of Spain by natural change rate, 2024
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/07/21
PB  - Eurostat, European Commission
DB  - Invokely
UR  - https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/demo_r_gind3/default/table
L2  - https://invokely.ai/rankings/natural-change-rate/spain-regions
Y2  - 2026/10/12
N1  - Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/natural-change-rate/spain-regions.
N1  - Publisher attribution: Eurostat. Population change, crude rate of natural change of population, by NUTS 2 and 3 region (demo_r_gind3). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/demo_r_gind3/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
ER  -
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Questions

Which autonomous community has the highest natural change rate?

Melilla, with 4.2 per 1,000 inhabitants in 2024, according to Eurostat, European Commission.

Which autonomous community has the lowest natural change rate?

Asturias, with -8.5 per 1,000 inhabitants in 2024.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: Eurostat, European Commission, Population change, crude rate of natural change of population, by NUTS 2 and 3 region (demo_r_gind3). Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Natural change rate: other rankings

Autonomous communities of Spain: more rankings