Data / Rankings / Natural change rate / Autonomous communities of Spain

Autonomous communities of Spain by natural change rate

Melilla had the highest natural change rate of 19 autonomous communities in 2019, at 8.6 per 1,000 inhabitants. Asturias had the lowest, at -7.6 per 1,000 inhabitants. The median was -1.3 per 1,000 inhabitants and the figure for Spain was -1.2 per 1,000 inhabitants. Source: Eurostat, European Commission.

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Highest8.6Melilla
Lowest-7.6Asturias
Median-1.319 autonomous communities
Spain-1.2History

Map of autonomous communities, 2019

Andalusia: -0.1 per 1,000 inhabitantsAragon: -3 per 1,000 inhabitantsAsturias: -7.6 per 1,000 inhabitantsBalearic Islands: 1.4 per 1,000 inhabitantsCanary Islands: -0.7 per 1,000 inhabitantsCantabria: -4.2 per 1,000 inhabitantsCastile and León: -6 per 1,000 inhabitantsCastilla-La Mancha: -2 per 1,000 inhabitantsCatalonia: -0.4 per 1,000 inhabitantsValencian Community: -1.3 per 1,000 inhabitantsExtremadura: -3.4 per 1,000 inhabitantsGalicia: -5.8 per 1,000 inhabitantsCommunity of Madrid: 1.3 per 1,000 inhabitantsRegion of Murcia: 1.8 per 1,000 inhabitantsNavarre: -0.3 per 1,000 inhabitantsBasque Country: -2.8 per 1,000 inhabitantsLa Rioja: -2.3 per 1,000 inhabitantsCeuta: 3.6 per 1,000 inhabitantsMelilla: 8.6 per 1,000 inhabitants
  • Under -3.3
  • -3.3 to -1.5
  • -1.5 to 0
  • 0 to 1.5
  • 1.5 to 3
  • 3 and over
per 1,000 inhabitants, 2019. Red areas are below zero and blue areas above it. Source: Eurostat, Population change, crude rate of natural change of population, by NUTS 2 and 3 region (demo_r_gind3). Boundaries: Natural Earth (public domain).

All autonomous communities, 2019

Melilla: 8.6 per 1,000 inhabitantsMelilla8.6Ceuta: 3.6 per 1,000 inhabitantsCeuta3.6Region of Murcia: 1.8 per 1,000 inhabitantsRegion of Murcia1.8Balearic Islands: 1.4 per 1,000 inhabitantsBalearic Islands1.4Community of Madrid: 1.3 per 1,000 inhabitantsCommunity of Madrid1.3Andalusia: -0.1 per 1,000 inhabitantsAndalusia-0.1Navarre: -0.3 per 1,000 inhabitantsNavarre-0.3Catalonia: -0.4 per 1,000 inhabitantsCatalonia-0.4Canary Islands: -0.7 per 1,000 inhabitantsCanary Islands-0.7Valencian Community: -1.3 per 1,000 inhabitantsValencian Community-1.3Castilla-La Mancha: -2 per 1,000 inhabitantsCastilla-La Mancha-2La Rioja: -2.3 per 1,000 inhabitantsLa Rioja-2.3Basque Country: -2.8 per 1,000 inhabitantsBasque Country-2.8Aragon: -3 per 1,000 inhabitantsAragon-3Extremadura: -3.4 per 1,000 inhabitantsExtremadura-3.4Cantabria: -4.2 per 1,000 inhabitantsCantabria-4.2Galicia: -5.8 per 1,000 inhabitantsGalicia-5.8Castile and León: -6 per 1,000 inhabitantsCastile and León-6Asturias: -7.6 per 1,000 inhabitantsAsturias-7.6Melilla: 8.6 per 1,000 inhabitantsMelilla8.6Ceuta: 3.6 per 1,000 inhabitantsCeuta3.6Region of Murcia: 1.8 per 1,000 inhabitantsRegion of Murcia1.8Balearic Islands: 1.4 per 1,000 inhabitantsBalearic Islands1.4Community of Madrid: 1.3 per 1,000 inhabitantsCommunity of Madrid1.3Andalusia: -0.1 per 1,000 inhabitantsAndalusia-0.1Navarre: -0.3 per 1,000 inhabitantsNavarre-0.3Catalonia: -0.4 per 1,000 inhabitantsCatalonia-0.4Canary Islands: -0.7 per 1,000 inhabitantsCanary Islands-0.7Valencian Community: -1.3 per 1,000 inhabitantsValencian Community-1.3Castilla-La Mancha: -2 per 1,000 inhabitantsCastilla-La Mancha-2La Rioja: -2.3 per 1,000 inhabitantsLa Rioja-2.3Basque Country: -2.8 per 1,000 inhabitantsBasque Country-2.8Aragon: -3 per 1,000 inhabitantsAragon-3Extremadura: -3.4 per 1,000 inhabitantsExtremadura-3.4Cantabria: -4.2 per 1,000 inhabitantsCantabria-4.2Galicia: -5.8 per 1,000 inhabitantsGalicia-5.8Castile and León: -6 per 1,000 inhabitantsCastile and León-6Asturias: -7.6 per 1,000 inhabitantsAsturias-7.6
per 1,000 inhabitants. Source: Eurostat, Population change, crude rate of natural change of population, by NUTS 2 and 3 region (demo_r_gind3). Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Full ranking

RankAutonomous communities2019
per 1,000 inhabitants		Change on 2018
1Melilla8.6-1 pts
2Ceuta3.6-1.5 pts
3Region of Murcia1.8-0.5 pts
4Balearic Islands1.4-0.4 pts
5Community of Madrid1.3-0.4 pts
6Andalusia-0.1+0.1 pts
7Navarre-0.3+0.3 pts
8Catalonia-0.40 pts
9Canary Islands-0.70 pts
10Valencian Community-1.3+0.2 pts
11Castilla-La Mancha-2-0.2 pts
12La Rioja-2.3+0.5 pts
13Basque Country-2.8-0.2 pts
14Aragon-3+0.1 pts
15Extremadura-3.40 pts
16Cantabria-4.2-0.3 pts
17Galicia-5.8+0.1 pts
18Castile and León-6-0.1 pts
19Asturias-7.6-0.3 pts

Other periods

About this ranking

Live births minus deaths during the year per 1,000 average residents (Eurostat crude rate of natural change).

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the autonomous communities are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

Eurostat. Population change, crude rate of natural change of population, by NUTS 2 and 3 region (demo_r_gind3). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/demo_r_gind3/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Citation styles

The publisher is the author. Invokely is named only as the place the figures were read, where a style asks for it.

APA 7

Eurostat, European Commission. (2026). Population change, crude rate of natural change of population, by NUTS 2 and 3 region (demo_r_gind3) (Autonomous communities of Spain by natural change rate, 2019) [Data set]. Retrieved October 12, 2026, from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/demo_r_gind3/default/table

MLA 9

Population change, crude rate of natural change of population, by NUTS 2 and 3 region (demo_r_gind3), Autonomous communities of Spain by natural change rate, 2019. Eurostat, European Commission, 21 July 2026, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/demo_r_gind3/default/table. Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/natural-change-rate/spain-regions?period=2019. Accessed 12 Oct. 2026.

Chicago (author-date)

Eurostat, European Commission. 2026. Population change, crude rate of natural change of population, by NUTS 2 and 3 region (demo_r_gind3). Autonomous communities of Spain by natural change rate, 2019. Dataset. Accessed October 12, 2026. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/demo_r_gind3/default/table. Also distributed by Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/natural-change-rate/spain-regions?period=2019.

Harvard

Eurostat, European Commission (2026) Population change, crude rate of natural change of population, by NUTS 2 and 3 region (demo_r_gind3), Autonomous communities of Spain by natural change rate, 2019 [Dataset]. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/demo_r_gind3/default/table, via Invokely: https://invokely.ai/rankings/natural-change-rate/spain-regions?period=2019 (Accessed: 12 October 2026).

BibTeX
@misc{eurostat_autonomous_communities_of_spain_2019,
  author = {{Eurostat, European Commission}},
  title = {{Population change, crude rate of natural change of population, by NUTS 2 and 3 region (demo\_r\_gind3): Autonomous communities of Spain by natural change rate, 2019}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {Data set},
  url = {https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/demo_r_gind3/default/table},
  urldate = {2026-10-12},
  note = {Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/natural-change-rate/spain-regions?period=2019. Publisher attribution: Eurostat. Population change, crude rate of natural change of population, by NUTS 2 and 3 region (demo\_r\_gind3). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/demo\_r\_gind3/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-12.},
}
RIS
TY  - DATA
AU  - Eurostat, European Commission
TI  - Population change, crude rate of natural change of population, by NUTS 2 and 3 region (demo_r_gind3): Autonomous communities of Spain by natural change rate, 2019
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/07/21
PB  - Eurostat, European Commission
DB  - Invokely
UR  - https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/demo_r_gind3/default/table
L2  - https://invokely.ai/rankings/natural-change-rate/spain-regions?period=2019
Y2  - 2026/10/12
N1  - Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/natural-change-rate/spain-regions?period=2019.
N1  - Publisher attribution: Eurostat. Population change, crude rate of natural change of population, by NUTS 2 and 3 region (demo_r_gind3). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/demo_r_gind3/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
ER  -
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Questions

Which autonomous community has the highest natural change rate?

Melilla, with 8.6 per 1,000 inhabitants in 2019, according to Eurostat, European Commission.

Which autonomous community has the lowest natural change rate?

Asturias, with -7.6 per 1,000 inhabitants in 2019.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: Eurostat, European Commission, Population change, crude rate of natural change of population, by NUTS 2 and 3 region (demo_r_gind3). Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Natural change rate: other rankings

Autonomous communities of Spain: more rankings