US states by nonemployer business receipts: construction

Texas had the highest nonemployer business receipts: construction of 51 states in 2018, at $22.17 billion. District of Columbia had the lowest, at $121.97 million. The median was $2.5 billion and the figure for the United States was $169.73 billion. Source: the U.S. Census Bureau.

Highest22,170.1Texas

Lowest122District of Columbia

Median2,495.451 states

United States169,732.6History

Map of states, 2018

Under 600
600 to 1,300
1,300 to 2,500
2,500 to 3,000
3,000 to 5,200
5,200 and over

USD million, 2018. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), construction (NAICS 23), all legal forms and receipts sizes. Boundaries: U.S. Census Bureau cartographic boundary files.

All states, 2018

USD million. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), construction (NAICS 23), all legal forms and receipts sizes. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Full ranking

Rank	States	2018 USD million	Change on 2017
1	Texas Series break	22,170.1	+6.8%
2	California Series break	15,136.7	+6.6%
3	Florida Series break	11,674.5	+13.5%
4	Georgia Series break	7,036.8	+8.4%
5	New York Series break	6,710	+7.3%
6	North Carolina Series break	6,151	+10%
7	Pennsylvania Series break	6,142.7	+3.8%
8	Ohio Series break	5,796.6	+5.6%
9	Illinois Series break	5,305.3	+2.4%
10	Tennessee Series break	5,023.7	+8.2%
11	Michigan Series break	4,948.1	+5%
12	Massachusetts Series break	4,790.2	+4.6%
13	New Jersey Series break	4,711.2	+6.7%
14	Colorado Series break	4,204	+6.6%
15	Virginia Series break	4,135.2	+4.5%
16	Maryland Series break	3,033.4	+6.8%
17	Missouri Series break	3,019.4	+3.5%
18	Indiana Series break	2,963.2	+4.8%
19	Connecticut Series break	2,853.8	+3%
20	Wisconsin Series break	2,822.6	+3.4%
21	South Carolina Series break	2,807.8	+8.2%
22	Alabama Series break	2,696.4	+8.7%
23	Minnesota Series break	2,691.7	+3.4%
24	Arizona Series break	2,675.1	+11.7%
25	Louisiana Series break	2,560.9	+0.2%
26	Washington Series break	2,495.4	+5.5%
27	Oklahoma Series break	2,486.4	+4.1%
28	Kentucky Series break	2,381.5	+4%
29	Arkansas Series break	1,857.7	+4.7%
30	Oregon Series break	1,770	+5.1%
31	Mississippi Series break	1,709.1	+4.9%
32	Iowa Series break	1,687.4	+0.1%
33	New Hampshire Series break	1,373.7	+1.5%
34	Kansas Series break	1,290.2	+2.3%
35	Utah Series break	1,261.1	+8.1%
36	Maine Series break	1,100.9	+4.3%
37	Idaho Series break	1,047.9	+12%
38	Nebraska Series break	941.3	+2.8%
39	Montana Series break	870	+7.3%
40	Nevada Series break	649.7	+10.5%
41	New Mexico Series break	599.1	+9.3%
42	Hawaii Series break	581.1	+2.7%
43	Rhode Island Series break	566.2	+7.4%
44	Delaware Series break	531.1	+5%
45	Vermont Series break	503.2	+1.6%
46	South Dakota Series break	474.5	-0.6%
47	West Virginia Series break	428.5	+1.7%
48	North Dakota Series break	343.3	+0.2%
49	Wyoming Series break	311.6	+11.7%
50	Alaska Series break	289.5	+7.4%
51	District of Columbia Series break	122	+18.6%

Other periods

About this ranking

Receipts of businesses without paid employees in construction (NAICS 23), in millions of current US dollars, from the U.S. Census Bureau Nonemployer Statistics.

Nonemployer Statistics: businesses with no paid employees that are subject to federal income tax, mostly the self-employed, counted from tax records, with receipts above small minimum amounts. Census says some years are not comparable with earlier ones, and they are marked as series breaks: 2018 in every sector (businesses were reclassified from their descriptions, which moved many out of other services), 2022 in every sector (new receipts cutoffs) and 2017 in utilities (the same reclassification). Most nonemployers are sole proprietors whose business may be a side activity. Published about 18 months after the reference year. Receipts are published in thousands of dollars with noise added to protect individual businesses, and are not adjusted for inflation.

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the states are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

U.S. Census Bureau. Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), construction (NAICS 23), all legal forms and receipts sizes. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2018/historical-datasets/. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Citation styles

The publisher is the author. Invokely is named only as the place the figures were read, where a style asks for it.

APA 7

U.S. Census Bureau. (2020). Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), construction (NAICS 23), all legal forms and receipts sizes (US states by nonemployer business receipts: construction, 2018) [Data set]. Retrieved October 12, 2026, from https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2018/historical-datasets/

MLA 9

Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), construction (NAICS 23), all legal forms and receipts sizes, US states by nonemployer business receipts: construction, 2018. U.S. Census Bureau, 21 May 2020, https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2018/historical-datasets/. Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-receipts-construction/us-states?period=2018. Accessed 12 Oct. 2026.

Chicago (author-date)

U.S. Census Bureau. 2020. Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), construction (NAICS 23), all legal forms and receipts sizes. US states by nonemployer business receipts: construction, 2018. Dataset. Accessed October 12, 2026. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2018/historical-datasets/. Also distributed by Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-receipts-construction/us-states?period=2018.

Harvard

U.S. Census Bureau (2020) Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), construction (NAICS 23), all legal forms and receipts sizes, US states by nonemployer business receipts: construction, 2018 [Dataset]. Available at: https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2018/historical-datasets/, via Invokely: https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-receipts-construction/us-states?period=2018 (Accessed: 12 October 2026).

BibTeX

@misc{census_us_states_by_nonemployer_2018,
  author = {{U.S. Census Bureau}},
  title = {{Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), construction (NAICS 23), all legal forms and receipts sizes: US states by nonemployer business receipts: construction, 2018}},
  year = {2020},
  howpublished = {Data set},
  url = {https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2018/historical-datasets/},
  urldate = {2026-10-12},
  note = {Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-receipts-construction/us-states?period=2018. Publisher attribution: U.S. Census Bureau. Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), construction (NAICS 23), all legal forms and receipts sizes. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2018/historical-datasets/. Retrieved 2026-10-12.},
}

RIS

TY  - DATA
AU  - U.S. Census Bureau
TI  - Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), construction (NAICS 23), all legal forms and receipts sizes: US states by nonemployer business receipts: construction, 2018
PY  - 2020
DA  - 2020/05/21
PB  - U.S. Census Bureau
DB  - Invokely
UR  - https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2018/historical-datasets/
L2  - https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-receipts-construction/us-states?period=2018
Y2  - 2026/10/12
N1  - Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-receipts-construction/us-states?period=2018.
N1  - Publisher attribution: U.S. Census Bureau. Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), construction (NAICS 23), all legal forms and receipts sizes. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2018/historical-datasets/. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
ER  -

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Questions

Which state has the highest nonemployer business receipts: construction?

Texas, with $22.17 billion in 2018, according to the U.S. Census Bureau.

Which state has the lowest nonemployer business receipts: construction?

District of Columbia, with $121.97 million in 2018.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: U.S. Census Bureau, Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), construction (NAICS 23), all legal forms and receipts sizes. Retrieved 2026-10-12.