US states by nonemployer business receipts: construction

Texas had the highest nonemployer business receipts: construction of 51 states in 2015, at $18.06 billion. District of Columbia had the lowest, at $101.37 million. The median was $2.14 billion and the figure for the United States was $146.34 billion. Source: the U.S. Census Bureau.

Highest18,057.5Texas

Lowest101.4District of Columbia

Median2,138.951 states

United States146,341History

Map of states, 2015

Under 500
500 to 1,100
1,100 to 2,100
2,100 to 2,600
2,600 to 4,800
4,800 and over

USD million, 2015. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), construction (NAICS 23), all legal forms and receipts sizes. Boundaries: U.S. Census Bureau cartographic boundary files.

All states, 2015

USD million. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), construction (NAICS 23), all legal forms and receipts sizes. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Full ranking

Rank	States	2015 USD million	Change on 2014
1	Texas	18,057.5	+2.2%
2	California	13,448	+3.7%
3	Florida	8,884	+4.7%
4	New York	5,955.6	+2.5%
5	Pennsylvania	5,722.2	+2.8%
6	Georgia	5,687.5	+4%
7	North Carolina	5,109.8	+4.3%
8	Ohio	5,091.2	+3.9%
9	Illinois	4,956.8	+0.5%
10	Massachusetts	4,440.1	+4.3%
11	Michigan	4,352.6	+4.4%
12	New Jersey	4,257.7	+6.1%
13	Tennessee	4,120.6	+3.9%
14	Virginia	3,643.5	+1.8%
15	Colorado	3,497.8	+4.1%
16	Connecticut	2,738.1	+2.9%
17	Missouri	2,671.8	+4.2%
18	Maryland	2,580.4	-0.3%
19	Indiana	2,579.4	+2.9%
20	Wisconsin	2,526.2	+5.2%
21	Minnesota	2,500.4	+0.3%
22	Oklahoma	2,371.7	-0.1%
23	South Carolina	2,322.9	+5.2%
24	Alabama	2,245.6	+1.6%
25	Louisiana	2,236.2	-4.1%
26	Arizona	2,138.9	+7.5%
27	Washington	2,093	+5%
28	Kentucky	2,050.7	+6.2%
29	Iowa	1,602	+2.1%
30	Arkansas	1,579.7	+2.5%
31	Oregon	1,530.2	+7.7%
32	Mississippi	1,474.7	+4%
33	New Hampshire	1,291.2	+5.1%
34	Kansas	1,174.8	+2.9%
35	Utah	1,095.4	+5.3%
36	Maine	986.2	+3.8%
37	Nebraska	850.7	-1.7%
38	Idaho	817.2	+6.6%
39	Montana	759.4	+5.4%
40	Nevada	559.9	+0.4%
41	Hawaii	525	+5%
42	New Mexico	523.7	+1%
43	Vermont	496.2	+1.3%
44	Rhode Island	485.9	+6.3%
45	South Dakota	458.3	+4.6%
46	Delaware	442.9	-0.1%
47	West Virginia	407.4	+1.9%
48	North Dakota	351.5	-7.7%
49	Alaska	277.5	+0.2%
50	Wyoming	269.8	+0.2%
51	District of Columbia	101.4	-6.3%

Other periods

About this ranking

Receipts of businesses without paid employees in construction (NAICS 23), in millions of current US dollars, from the U.S. Census Bureau Nonemployer Statistics.

Nonemployer Statistics: businesses with no paid employees that are subject to federal income tax, mostly the self-employed, counted from tax records, with receipts above small minimum amounts. Census says some years are not comparable with earlier ones, and they are marked as series breaks: 2018 in every sector (businesses were reclassified from their descriptions, which moved many out of other services), 2022 in every sector (new receipts cutoffs) and 2017 in utilities (the same reclassification). Most nonemployers are sole proprietors whose business may be a side activity. Published about 18 months after the reference year. Receipts are published in thousands of dollars with noise added to protect individual businesses, and are not adjusted for inflation.

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the states are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

U.S. Census Bureau. Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), construction (NAICS 23), all legal forms and receipts sizes. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2015/historical-datasets/. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Citation styles

The publisher is the author. Invokely is named only as the place the figures were read, where a style asks for it.

APA 7

U.S. Census Bureau. (2017). Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), construction (NAICS 23), all legal forms and receipts sizes (US states by nonemployer business receipts: construction, 2015) [Data set]. Retrieved October 12, 2026, from https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2015/historical-datasets/

MLA 9

Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), construction (NAICS 23), all legal forms and receipts sizes, US states by nonemployer business receipts: construction, 2015. U.S. Census Bureau, 7 July 2017, https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2015/historical-datasets/. Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-receipts-construction/us-states?period=2015. Accessed 12 Oct. 2026.

Chicago (author-date)

U.S. Census Bureau. 2017. Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), construction (NAICS 23), all legal forms and receipts sizes. US states by nonemployer business receipts: construction, 2015. Dataset. Accessed October 12, 2026. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2015/historical-datasets/. Also distributed by Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-receipts-construction/us-states?period=2015.

Harvard

U.S. Census Bureau (2017) Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), construction (NAICS 23), all legal forms and receipts sizes, US states by nonemployer business receipts: construction, 2015 [Dataset]. Available at: https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2015/historical-datasets/, via Invokely: https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-receipts-construction/us-states?period=2015 (Accessed: 12 October 2026).

BibTeX

@misc{census_us_states_by_nonemployer_2015,
  author = {{U.S. Census Bureau}},
  title = {{Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), construction (NAICS 23), all legal forms and receipts sizes: US states by nonemployer business receipts: construction, 2015}},
  year = {2017},
  howpublished = {Data set},
  url = {https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2015/historical-datasets/},
  urldate = {2026-10-12},
  note = {Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-receipts-construction/us-states?period=2015. Publisher attribution: U.S. Census Bureau. Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), construction (NAICS 23), all legal forms and receipts sizes. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2015/historical-datasets/. Retrieved 2026-10-12.},
}

RIS

TY  - DATA
AU  - U.S. Census Bureau
TI  - Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), construction (NAICS 23), all legal forms and receipts sizes: US states by nonemployer business receipts: construction, 2015
PY  - 2017
DA  - 2017/07/07
PB  - U.S. Census Bureau
DB  - Invokely
UR  - https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2015/historical-datasets/
L2  - https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-receipts-construction/us-states?period=2015
Y2  - 2026/10/12
N1  - Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-receipts-construction/us-states?period=2015.
N1  - Publisher attribution: U.S. Census Bureau. Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), construction (NAICS 23), all legal forms and receipts sizes. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2015/historical-datasets/. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
ER  -

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Questions

Which state has the highest nonemployer business receipts: construction?

Texas, with $18.06 billion in 2015, according to the U.S. Census Bureau.

Which state has the lowest nonemployer business receipts: construction?

District of Columbia, with $101.37 million in 2015.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: U.S. Census Bureau, Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), construction (NAICS 23), all legal forms and receipts sizes. Retrieved 2026-10-12.