US states by nonemployer business receipts: construction

Texas had the highest nonemployer business receipts: construction of 51 states in 2016, at $18.66 billion. District of Columbia had the lowest, at $109.52 million. The median was $2.25 billion and the figure for the United States was $150.83 billion. Source: the U.S. Census Bureau.

Highest18,661.2Texas

Lowest109.5District of Columbia

Median2,249.151 states

United States150,825.1History

Map of states, 2016

Under 500
500 to 1,200
1,200 to 2,200
2,200 to 2,700
2,700 to 4,900
4,900 and over

USD million, 2016. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), construction (NAICS 23), all legal forms and receipts sizes. Boundaries: U.S. Census Bureau cartographic boundary files.

All states, 2016

USD million. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), construction (NAICS 23), all legal forms and receipts sizes. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Full ranking

Rank	States	2016 USD million	Change on 2015
1	Texas	18,661.2	+3.3%
2	California	13,685.3	+1.8%
3	Florida	8,745.3	-1.6%
4	New York	6,090.6	+2.3%
5	Georgia	5,994.8	+5.4%
6	Pennsylvania	5,803.5	+1.4%
7	North Carolina	5,377	+5.2%
8	Ohio	5,235.3	+2.8%
9	Illinois	5,062.6	+2.1%
10	Massachusetts	4,602.7	+3.7%
11	Michigan	4,493.1	+3.2%
12	Tennessee	4,401.7	+6.8%
13	New Jersey	4,320.9	+1.5%
14	Virginia	3,800.4	+4.3%
15	Colorado	3,660.4	+4.6%
16	Connecticut	2,773.8	+1.3%
17	Missouri	2,763.2	+3.4%
18	Indiana	2,729.3	+5.8%
19	Maryland	2,673.5	+3.6%
20	Wisconsin	2,598.7	+2.9%
21	South Carolina	2,530.7	+8.9%
22	Minnesota	2,529	+1.1%
23	Louisiana	2,430.5	+8.7%
24	Oklahoma	2,333.4	-1.6%
25	Alabama	2,331.6	+3.8%
26	Arizona	2,249.1	+5.2%
27	Washington	2,219.9	+6.1%
28	Kentucky	2,155	+5.1%
29	Arkansas	1,674.6	+6%
30	Iowa	1,611.3	+0.6%
31	Oregon	1,573.9	+2.9%
32	Mississippi	1,573.5	+6.7%
33	New Hampshire	1,329.2	+2.9%
34	Kansas	1,195.9	+1.8%
35	Utah	1,078.4	-1.6%
36	Maine	1,035.2	+5%
37	Nebraska	898.2	+5.6%
38	Idaho	891.1	+9%
39	Montana	773.7	+1.9%
40	Nevada	569.2	+1.7%
41	Hawaii	543.8	+3.6%
42	New Mexico	527.2	+0.7%
43	Vermont	498.3	+0.4%
44	Rhode Island	497.7	+2.4%
45	Delaware	472.3	+6.7%
46	South Dakota	452.4	-1.3%
47	West Virginia	408.8	+0.4%
48	North Dakota	330.5	-6%
49	Alaska	267.3	-3.7%
50	Wyoming	260.3	-3.5%
51	District of Columbia	109.5	+8%

Other periods

About this ranking

Receipts of businesses without paid employees in construction (NAICS 23), in millions of current US dollars, from the U.S. Census Bureau Nonemployer Statistics.

Nonemployer Statistics: businesses with no paid employees that are subject to federal income tax, mostly the self-employed, counted from tax records, with receipts above small minimum amounts. Census says some years are not comparable with earlier ones, and they are marked as series breaks: 2018 in every sector (businesses were reclassified from their descriptions, which moved many out of other services), 2022 in every sector (new receipts cutoffs) and 2017 in utilities (the same reclassification). Most nonemployers are sole proprietors whose business may be a side activity. Published about 18 months after the reference year. Receipts are published in thousands of dollars with noise added to protect individual businesses, and are not adjusted for inflation.

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the states are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

U.S. Census Bureau. Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), construction (NAICS 23), all legal forms and receipts sizes. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2016/historical-datasets/. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Citation styles

The publisher is the author. Invokely is named only as the place the figures were read, where a style asks for it.

APA 7

U.S. Census Bureau. (2018). Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), construction (NAICS 23), all legal forms and receipts sizes (US states by nonemployer business receipts: construction, 2016) [Data set]. Retrieved October 12, 2026, from https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2016/historical-datasets/

MLA 9

Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), construction (NAICS 23), all legal forms and receipts sizes, US states by nonemployer business receipts: construction, 2016. U.S. Census Bureau, 21 June 2018, https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2016/historical-datasets/. Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-receipts-construction/us-states?period=2016. Accessed 12 Oct. 2026.

Chicago (author-date)

U.S. Census Bureau. 2018. Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), construction (NAICS 23), all legal forms and receipts sizes. US states by nonemployer business receipts: construction, 2016. Dataset. Accessed October 12, 2026. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2016/historical-datasets/. Also distributed by Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-receipts-construction/us-states?period=2016.

Harvard

U.S. Census Bureau (2018) Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), construction (NAICS 23), all legal forms and receipts sizes, US states by nonemployer business receipts: construction, 2016 [Dataset]. Available at: https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2016/historical-datasets/, via Invokely: https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-receipts-construction/us-states?period=2016 (Accessed: 12 October 2026).

BibTeX

@misc{census_us_states_by_nonemployer_2016,
  author = {{U.S. Census Bureau}},
  title = {{Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), construction (NAICS 23), all legal forms and receipts sizes: US states by nonemployer business receipts: construction, 2016}},
  year = {2018},
  howpublished = {Data set},
  url = {https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2016/historical-datasets/},
  urldate = {2026-10-12},
  note = {Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-receipts-construction/us-states?period=2016. Publisher attribution: U.S. Census Bureau. Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), construction (NAICS 23), all legal forms and receipts sizes. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2016/historical-datasets/. Retrieved 2026-10-12.},
}

RIS

TY  - DATA
AU  - U.S. Census Bureau
TI  - Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), construction (NAICS 23), all legal forms and receipts sizes: US states by nonemployer business receipts: construction, 2016
PY  - 2018
DA  - 2018/06/21
PB  - U.S. Census Bureau
DB  - Invokely
UR  - https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2016/historical-datasets/
L2  - https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-receipts-construction/us-states?period=2016
Y2  - 2026/10/12
N1  - Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-receipts-construction/us-states?period=2016.
N1  - Publisher attribution: U.S. Census Bureau. Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), construction (NAICS 23), all legal forms and receipts sizes. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2016/historical-datasets/. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
ER  -

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Questions

Which state has the highest nonemployer business receipts: construction?

Texas, with $18.66 billion in 2016, according to the U.S. Census Bureau.

Which state has the lowest nonemployer business receipts: construction?

District of Columbia, with $109.52 million in 2016.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: U.S. Census Bureau, Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), construction (NAICS 23), all legal forms and receipts sizes. Retrieved 2026-10-12.