Data / Rankings / Labor force participation rate (US five-year survey estimate) / Cities in Michigan

Cities in Michigan by labor force participation rate (US five-year survey estimate)

Ferndale, MI had the highest labor force participation rate (US five-year survey estimate) of 90 cities in 2023, at 80.5%. Hamtramck, MI had the lowest, at 45.7%. The median was 63.8% and the figure for Michigan was 61.4%. Source: the U.S. Census Bureau.

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Highest80.5Ferndale, MI
Lowest45.7Hamtramck, MI
Median63.890 cities
Michigan61.4History

Top 40 cities, 2023

Ferndale, MI: 80.5 %Ferndale, MI80.5Wixom, MI: 77.4 %Wixom, MI77.4Berkley, MI: 76.2 %Berkley, MI76.2Royal Oak, MI: 74.9 %Royal Oak, MI74.9Grosse Pointe Park, MI: 72.6 %Grosse Pointe Park, MI72.6Grandville, MI: 72.4 %Grandville, MI72.4East Grand Rapids, MI: 72 %East Grand Rapids, MI72Wyoming, MI: 71.6 %Wyoming, MI71.6Clawson, MI: 71.6 %Clawson, MI71.6Kentwood, MI: 70.4 %Kentwood, MI70.4Walker, MI: 70 %Walker, MI70South Lyon, MI: 70 %South Lyon, MI70Birmingham, MI: 69.7 %Birmingham, MI69.7Auburn Hills, MI: 69.4 %Auburn Hills, MI69.4Portage, MI: 69.3 %Portage, MI69.3Fenton, MI: 69 %Fenton, MI69Grand Rapids, MI: 68.7 %Grand Rapids, MI68.7Hazel Park, MI: 68.6 %Hazel Park, MI68.6Rochester, MI: 68.2 %Rochester, MI68.2Lansing, MI: 67.8 %Lansing, MI67.8Oak Park, MI: 67.5 %Oak Park, MI67.5Novi, MI: 67.5 %Novi, MI67.5Holland, MI: 67.3 %Holland, MI67.3Farmington Hills, MI: 66.9 %Farmington Hills, MI66.9Madison Heights, MI: 66.8 %Madison Heights, MI66.8Farmington, MI: 66.3 %Farmington, MI66.3New Baltimore, MI: 66.3 %New Baltimore, MI66.3Romulus, MI: 66.1 %Romulus, MI66.1Troy, MI: 65.9 %Troy, MI65.9Fraser, MI: 65.8 %Fraser, MI65.8Roseville, MI: 65.7 %Roseville, MI65.7Grosse Pointe Woods, MI: 65.7 %Grosse Pointe Woods, MI65.7Sturgis, MI: 65.7 %Sturgis, MI65.7Kalamazoo, MI: 65.5 %Kalamazoo, MI65.5Allen Park, MI: 65.3 %Allen Park, MI65.3Garden City, MI: 64.8 %Garden City, MI64.8Ypsilanti, MI: 64.7 %Ypsilanti, MI64.7Traverse City, MI: 64.6 %Traverse City, MI64.6Niles, MI: 64.6 %Niles, MI64.6Beverly Hills, MI: 64.5 %Beverly Hills, MI64.5Ferndale, MI: 80.5 %Ferndale, MI80.5Wixom, MI: 77.4 %Wixom, MI77.4Berkley, MI: 76.2 %Berkley, MI76.2Royal Oak, MI: 74.9 %Royal Oak, MI74.9Grosse Pointe Park, MI: 72.6 %Grosse Pointe Park, MI72.6Grandville, MI: 72.4 %Grandville, MI72.4East Grand Rapids, MI: 72 %East Grand Rapids, MI72Wyoming, MI: 71.6 %Wyoming, MI71.6Clawson, MI: 71.6 %Clawson, MI71.6Kentwood, MI: 70.4 %Kentwood, MI70.4Walker, MI: 70 %Walker, MI70South Lyon, MI: 70 %South Lyon, MI70Birmingham, MI: 69.7 %Birmingham, MI69.7Auburn Hills, MI: 69.4 %Auburn Hills, MI69.4Portage, MI: 69.3 %Portage, MI69.3Fenton, MI: 69 %Fenton, MI69Grand Rapids, MI: 68.7 %Grand Rapids, MI68.7Hazel Park, MI: 68.6 %Hazel Park, MI68.6Rochester, MI: 68.2 %Rochester, MI68.2Lansing, MI: 67.8 %Lansing, MI67.8Oak Park, MI: 67.5 %Oak Park, MI67.5Novi, MI: 67.5 %Novi, MI67.5Holland, MI: 67.3 %Holland, MI67.3Farmington Hills, MI: 66.9 %Farmington Hills, MI66.9Madison Heights, MI: 66.8 %Madison Heights, MI66.8Farmington, MI: 66.3 %Farmington, MI66.3New Baltimore, MI: 66.3 %New Baltimore, MI66.3Romulus, MI: 66.1 %Romulus, MI66.1Troy, MI: 65.9 %Troy, MI65.9Fraser, MI: 65.8 %Fraser, MI65.8Roseville, MI: 65.7 %Roseville, MI65.7Grosse Pointe Woods, MI: 65.7 %Grosse Pointe Woods, MI65.7Sturgis, MI: 65.7 %Sturgis, MI65.7Kalamazoo, MI: 65.5 %Kalamazoo, MI65.5Allen Park, MI: 65.3 %Allen Park, MI65.3Garden City, MI: 64.8 %Garden City, MI64.8Ypsilanti, MI: 64.7 %Ypsilanti, MI64.7Traverse City, MI: 64.6 %Traverse City, MI64.6Niles, MI: 64.6 %Niles, MI64.6Beverly Hills, MI: 64.5 %Beverly Hills, MI64.5
%. Source: Invokely calculation with data from U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Full ranking

RankCities2023 (%)Change on 2022
1Ferndale, MI80.5-0.3 pts
2Wixom, MI77.4-1.1 pts
3Berkley, MI76.2+0.1 pts
4Royal Oak, MI74.9-0.6 pts
5Grosse Pointe Park, MI72.6-0.1 pts
6Grandville, MI72.4+0.1 pts
7East Grand Rapids, MI72+0.1 pts
8Wyoming, MI71.6+0.9 pts
9Clawson, MI71.6+2.3 pts
10Kentwood, MI70.4-1.2 pts
11Walker, MI70-0.5 pts
12South Lyon, MI70+1.5 pts
13Birmingham, MI69.7+0.2 pts
14Auburn Hills, MI69.4+0.3 pts
15Portage, MI69.3+0.2 pts
16Fenton, MI69+1.3 pts
17Grand Rapids, MI68.7-0 pts
18Hazel Park, MI68.6+0.4 pts
19Rochester, MI68.2+1.5 pts
20Lansing, MI67.8+0.2 pts
21Oak Park, MI67.5+0.2 pts
22Novi, MI67.5-0.8 pts
23Holland, MI67.3+2.2 pts
24Farmington Hills, MI66.9-0.3 pts
25Madison Heights, MI66.8-2 pts
26Farmington, MI66.3-1.2 pts
27New Baltimore, MI66.3+1 pts
28Romulus, MI66.1+1.5 pts
29Troy, MI65.9+1.5 pts
30Fraser, MI65.8+0.9 pts
31Roseville, MI65.7+0.8 pts
32Grosse Pointe Woods, MI65.7-1.3 pts
33Sturgis, MI65.7+0.3 pts
34Kalamazoo, MI65.5-0.4 pts
35Allen Park, MI65.3+2 pts
36Garden City, MI64.8-0.6 pts
37Ypsilanti, MI64.7-0.4 pts
38Traverse City, MI64.6+1.3 pts
39Niles, MI64.6+1.2 pts
40Beverly Hills, MI64.5-1.1 pts
41Warren, MI64.3+0.5 pts
42Sault Ste. Marie, MI64.2+0.5 pts
43St. Clair Shores, MI64.2+0.2 pts
44Harper Woods, MI64.1-1.9 pts
45Rochester Hills, MI64-0.1 pts
46Flat Rock, MI63.5-1.4 pts
47Westland, MI63.5+0.5 pts
48Owosso, MI63.2-2.2 pts
49Livonia, MI63.1-0.3 pts
50Southgate, MI62.9+0.8 pts
51Wayne, MI62.8-0.1 pts
52Pontiac, MI62.1+2.3 pts
53Eastpointe, MI62+0.5 pts
54Mount Pleasant, MI61.9+0.3 pts
55Sterling Heights, MI61.9-0.5 pts
56Southfield, MI61.7+0.3 pts
57Wyandotte, MI61.6-0.1 pts
58Marquette, MI61.5-2.5 pts
59Battle Creek, MI61.3-0.5 pts
60Woodhaven, MI61+3.2 pts
61Jackson, MI61+0.4 pts
62Ann Arbor, MI60.90 pts
63Norton Shores, MI60.8-0.3 pts
64Bay City, MI60.4+0.3 pts
65Riverview, MI60.3+1.9 pts
66Lincoln Park, MI60-0.9 pts
67Taylor, MI60-1.2 pts
68Port Huron, MI59.6+0.7 pts
69Midland, MI59.3-0 pts
70Burton, MI59.2+0.1 pts
71Mount Clemens, MI59+0.3 pts
72Inkster, MI58.8+0.4 pts
73Melvindale, MI58.1+0.9 pts
74Dearborn Heights, MI57.7+1.8 pts
75Monroe, MI57.5-2 pts
76Cadillac, MI57.3+1.8 pts
77Grand Haven, MI57-1.6 pts
78Dearborn, MI56.4-0.3 pts
79Trenton, MI56.2-1.3 pts
80Alpena, MI55.7-0.9 pts
81East Lansing, MI55.3-1 pts
82Flint, MI54.8+0.2 pts
83Detroit, MI54.6-0.2 pts
84Saginaw, MI54-0.5 pts
85Muskegon, MI53.3+1.3 pts
86Adrian, MI52.7+0.3 pts
87Escanaba, MI50.9-0.6 pts
88Coldwater, MI50.7+0.7 pts
89Ionia, MI48.2-0.8 pts
90Hamtramck, MI45.7-0.2 pts

Other periods

About this ranking

People aged 16 and over in the labor force (employed, unemployed or in the Armed Forces) as a percentage of all people aged 16 and over, including people in group quarters. United States: American Community Survey five-year estimate, where the period shown is the last year of the five-year span.

The Census Bureau definition used in its data profiles. It differs from the BLS labor_force_participation_rate, which counts the civilian noninstitutional population only.

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the cities are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B23025: population 16 years and over in the labor force as a percentage of the population 16 years and over, calculated with stored inputs, US cities (incorporated places of 10,000 or more). https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2023/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2023-b23025.dat. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Citation styles

The publisher is the author. Invokely is named only as the place the figures were read, where a style asks for it.

APA 7

U.S. Census Bureau. (2026). American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B23025: population 16 years and over in the labor force as a percentage of the population 16 years and over, calculated with stored inputs, US cities (incorporated places of 10,000 or more) (Cities in Michigan by labor force participation rate (US five-year survey estimate), 2023) [Data set]. Retrieved October 12, 2026, from https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2023/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2023-b23025.dat

MLA 9

American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B23025: population 16 years and over in the labor force as a percentage of the population 16 years and over, calculated with stored inputs, US cities (incorporated places of 10,000 or more), Cities in Michigan by labor force participation rate (US five-year survey estimate), 2023. U.S. Census Bureau, 29 Jan. 2026, https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2023/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2023-b23025.dat. Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/labor-force-participation-rate-acs/michigan-cities?period=2023. Accessed 12 Oct. 2026.

Chicago (author-date)

U.S. Census Bureau. 2026. American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B23025: population 16 years and over in the labor force as a percentage of the population 16 years and over, calculated with stored inputs, US cities (incorporated places of 10,000 or more). Cities in Michigan by labor force participation rate (US five-year survey estimate), 2023. Dataset. Accessed October 12, 2026. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2023/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2023-b23025.dat. Also distributed by Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/labor-force-participation-rate-acs/michigan-cities?period=2023.

Harvard

U.S. Census Bureau (2026) American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B23025: population 16 years and over in the labor force as a percentage of the population 16 years and over, calculated with stored inputs, US cities (incorporated places of 10,000 or more), Cities in Michigan by labor force participation rate (US five-year survey estimate), 2023 [Dataset]. Available at: https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2023/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2023-b23025.dat, via Invokely: https://invokely.ai/rankings/labor-force-participation-rate-acs/michigan-cities?period=2023 (Accessed: 12 October 2026).

BibTeX
@misc{census_cities_in_michigan_by_2023,
  author = {{U.S. Census Bureau}},
  title = {{American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B23025: population 16 years and over in the labor force as a percentage of the population 16 years and over, calculated with stored inputs, US cities (incorporated places of 10,000 or more): Cities in Michigan by labor force participation rate (US five-year survey estimate), 2023}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {Data set},
  url = {https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2023/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2023-b23025.dat},
  urldate = {2026-10-12},
  note = {Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/labor-force-participation-rate-acs/michigan-cities?period=2023. Publisher attribution: U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B23025: population 16 years and over in the labor force as a percentage of the population 16 years and over, calculated with stored inputs, US cities (incorporated places of 10,000 or more). https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary\_file/2023/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2023-b23025.dat. Retrieved 2026-10-12.},
}
RIS
TY  - DATA
AU  - U.S. Census Bureau
TI  - American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B23025: population 16 years and over in the labor force as a percentage of the population 16 years and over, calculated with stored inputs, US cities (incorporated places of 10,000 or more): Cities in Michigan by labor force participation rate (US five-year survey estimate), 2023
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/01/29
PB  - U.S. Census Bureau
DB  - Invokely
UR  - https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2023/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2023-b23025.dat
L2  - https://invokely.ai/rankings/labor-force-participation-rate-acs/michigan-cities?period=2023
Y2  - 2026/10/12
N1  - Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/labor-force-participation-rate-acs/michigan-cities?period=2023.
N1  - Publisher attribution: U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B23025: population 16 years and over in the labor force as a percentage of the population 16 years and over, calculated with stored inputs, US cities (incorporated places of 10,000 or more). https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2023/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2023-b23025.dat. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
ER  -
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Rank Cities in Michigan by labor force participation rate (US five-year survey estimate) using official data, and cite the source.
rank_places {"indicator":"labor_force_participation_rate_acs","level":"municipality","within":"Michigan","limit":10}
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Questions

Which city has the highest labor force participation rate (US five-year survey estimate)?

Ferndale, MI, with 80.5% in 2023, according to the U.S. Census Bureau.

Which city has the lowest labor force participation rate (US five-year survey estimate)?

Hamtramck, MI, with 45.7% in 2023.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B23025: population 16 years and over in the labor force as a percentage of the population 16 years and over, calculated with stored inputs, US cities (incorporated places of 10,000 or more). Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Labor force participation rate (US five-year survey estimate): other rankings

Cities in Michigan: more rankings