Data / Rankings / Labor force participation rate (US five-year survey estimate) / Cities in Michigan

Cities in Michigan by labor force participation rate (US five-year survey estimate), 2024

Ferndale, MI had the highest labor force participation rate (US five-year survey estimate) of 90 cities in 2024, at 79.8%. Hamtramck, MI had the lowest, at 45.2%. The median was 63.3% and the figure for Michigan was 61.3%. Source: the U.S. Census Bureau.

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Highest79.8Ferndale, MI
Lowest45.2Hamtramck, MI
Median63.390 cities
Michigan61.3History

Top 40 cities, 2024

Ferndale, MI: 79.8 %Ferndale, MI79.8Wixom, MI: 77 %Wixom, MI77Berkley, MI: 75.4 %Berkley, MI75.4Royal Oak, MI: 74.4 %Royal Oak, MI74.4East Grand Rapids, MI: 72.5 %East Grand Rapids, MI72.5Wyoming, MI: 71.8 %Wyoming, MI71.8Grosse Pointe Park, MI: 71.7 %Grosse Pointe Park, MI71.7Grandville, MI: 71.6 %Grandville, MI71.6Clawson, MI: 70.4 %Clawson, MI70.4South Lyon, MI: 70.3 %South Lyon, MI70.3Auburn Hills, MI: 69.9 %Auburn Hills, MI69.9Walker, MI: 69.8 %Walker, MI69.8Kentwood, MI: 69.7 %Kentwood, MI69.7Fenton, MI: 69.7 %Fenton, MI69.7Hazel Park, MI: 69.4 %Hazel Park, MI69.4Grand Rapids, MI: 69.3 %Grand Rapids, MI69.3Oak Park, MI: 68.4 %Oak Park, MI68.4Lansing, MI: 68.3 %Lansing, MI68.3Rochester, MI: 67.9 %Rochester, MI67.9Birmingham, MI: 67.8 %Birmingham, MI67.8Portage, MI: 67.8 %Portage, MI67.8Sturgis, MI: 67.7 %Sturgis, MI67.7Madison Heights, MI: 67.5 %Madison Heights, MI67.5Flat Rock, MI: 67.2 %Flat Rock, MI67.2Farmington Hills, MI: 66.9 %Farmington Hills, MI66.9Fraser, MI: 66.8 %Fraser, MI66.8Grosse Pointe Woods, MI: 66.8 %Grosse Pointe Woods, MI66.8New Baltimore, MI: 66.7 %New Baltimore, MI66.7Novi, MI: 66.3 %Novi, MI66.3Farmington, MI: 66.2 %Farmington, MI66.2Holland, MI: 66.2 %Holland, MI66.2Allen Park, MI: 66.1 %Allen Park, MI66.1Ypsilanti, MI: 66 %Ypsilanti, MI66Troy, MI: 65.9 %Troy, MI65.9Roseville, MI: 65.3 %Roseville, MI65.3Kalamazoo, MI: 65.2 %Kalamazoo, MI65.2Harper Woods, MI: 65.1 %Harper Woods, MI65.1Garden City, MI: 65.1 %Garden City, MI65.1Romulus, MI: 65 %Romulus, MI65Sault Ste. Marie, MI: 65 %Sault Ste. Marie, MI65Ferndale, MI: 79.8 %Ferndale, MI79.8Wixom, MI: 77 %Wixom, MI77Berkley, MI: 75.4 %Berkley, MI75.4Royal Oak, MI: 74.4 %Royal Oak, MI74.4East Grand Rapids, MI: 72.5 %East Grand Rapids, MI72.5Wyoming, MI: 71.8 %Wyoming, MI71.8Grosse Pointe Park, MI: 71.7 %Grosse Pointe Park, MI71.7Grandville, MI: 71.6 %Grandville, MI71.6Clawson, MI: 70.4 %Clawson, MI70.4South Lyon, MI: 70.3 %South Lyon, MI70.3Auburn Hills, MI: 69.9 %Auburn Hills, MI69.9Walker, MI: 69.8 %Walker, MI69.8Kentwood, MI: 69.7 %Kentwood, MI69.7Fenton, MI: 69.7 %Fenton, MI69.7Hazel Park, MI: 69.4 %Hazel Park, MI69.4Grand Rapids, MI: 69.3 %Grand Rapids, MI69.3Oak Park, MI: 68.4 %Oak Park, MI68.4Lansing, MI: 68.3 %Lansing, MI68.3Rochester, MI: 67.9 %Rochester, MI67.9Birmingham, MI: 67.8 %Birmingham, MI67.8Portage, MI: 67.8 %Portage, MI67.8Sturgis, MI: 67.7 %Sturgis, MI67.7Madison Heights, MI: 67.5 %Madison Heights, MI67.5Flat Rock, MI: 67.2 %Flat Rock, MI67.2Farmington Hills, MI: 66.9 %Farmington Hills, MI66.9Fraser, MI: 66.8 %Fraser, MI66.8Grosse Pointe Woods, MI: 66.8 %Grosse Pointe Woods, MI66.8New Baltimore, MI: 66.7 %New Baltimore, MI66.7Novi, MI: 66.3 %Novi, MI66.3Farmington, MI: 66.2 %Farmington, MI66.2Holland, MI: 66.2 %Holland, MI66.2Allen Park, MI: 66.1 %Allen Park, MI66.1Ypsilanti, MI: 66 %Ypsilanti, MI66Troy, MI: 65.9 %Troy, MI65.9Roseville, MI: 65.3 %Roseville, MI65.3Kalamazoo, MI: 65.2 %Kalamazoo, MI65.2Harper Woods, MI: 65.1 %Harper Woods, MI65.1Garden City, MI: 65.1 %Garden City, MI65.1Romulus, MI: 65 %Romulus, MI65Sault Ste. Marie, MI: 65 %Sault Ste. Marie, MI65
%. Source: Invokely calculation with data from U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Full ranking

RankCities2024 (%)Change on 2023
1Ferndale, MI79.8-0.8 pts
2Wixom, MI77-0.4 pts
3Berkley, MI75.4-0.9 pts
4Royal Oak, MI74.4-0.5 pts
5East Grand Rapids, MI72.5+0.5 pts
6Wyoming, MI71.8+0.1 pts
7Grosse Pointe Park, MI71.7-0.8 pts
8Grandville, MI71.6-0.8 pts
9Clawson, MI70.4-1.2 pts
10South Lyon, MI70.3+0.4 pts
11Auburn Hills, MI69.9+0.4 pts
12Walker, MI69.8-0.2 pts
13Kentwood, MI69.7-0.7 pts
14Fenton, MI69.7+0.7 pts
15Hazel Park, MI69.4+0.9 pts
16Grand Rapids, MI69.3+0.6 pts
17Oak Park, MI68.4+0.9 pts
18Lansing, MI68.3+0.5 pts
19Rochester, MI67.9-0.3 pts
20Birmingham, MI67.8-1.9 pts
21Portage, MI67.8-1.5 pts
22Sturgis, MI67.7+2 pts
23Madison Heights, MI67.5+0.6 pts
24Flat Rock, MI67.2+3.7 pts
25Farmington Hills, MI66.9-0 pts
26Fraser, MI66.8+1 pts
27Grosse Pointe Woods, MI66.8+1 pts
28New Baltimore, MI66.7+0.5 pts
29Novi, MI66.3-1.1 pts
30Farmington, MI66.2-0.1 pts
31Holland, MI66.2-1.2 pts
32Allen Park, MI66.1+0.8 pts
33Ypsilanti, MI66+1.3 pts
34Troy, MI65.9-0 pts
35Roseville, MI65.3-0.5 pts
36Kalamazoo, MI65.2-0.3 pts
37Harper Woods, MI65.1+1 pts
38Garden City, MI65.1+0.3 pts
39Romulus, MI65-1.1 pts
40Sault Ste. Marie, MI65+0.8 pts
41Westland, MI64.2+0.7 pts
42Rochester Hills, MI64.1+0.1 pts
43St. Clair Shores, MI64.1-0.1 pts
44Warren, MI64-0.3 pts
45Beverly Hills, MI63.6-0.9 pts
46Owosso, MI63.1-0.1 pts
47Livonia, MI63-0.1 pts
48Wyandotte, MI62.9+1.3 pts
49Traverse City, MI62.6-2 pts
50Niles, MI62.6-2 pts
51Marquette, MI62.3+0.8 pts
52Southgate, MI62.2-0.7 pts
53Mount Pleasant, MI61.90 pts
54Southfield, MI61.6-0.1 pts
55Woodhaven, MI61.5+0.6 pts
56Pontiac, MI61.3-0.8 pts
57Eastpointe, MI61.3-0.7 pts
58Battle Creek, MI61.2-0.1 pts
58Sterling Heights, MI61.2-0.6 pts
60Norton Shores, MI61.1+0.4 pts
61Wayne, MI61.1-1.7 pts
62Port Huron, MI61.1+1.4 pts
63Jackson, MI60.9-0 pts
64Ann Arbor, MI60.3-0.6 pts
65Mount Clemens, MI60.3+1.3 pts
66Burton, MI59.5+0.3 pts
67Taylor, MI59.5-0.5 pts
68Midland, MI59.4+0.1 pts
69Bay City, MI59.4-1 pts
70Lincoln Park, MI58.9-1.2 pts
71Riverview, MI58.3-2 pts
72Dearborn Heights, MI57.8+0.1 pts
73Inkster, MI57.6-1.3 pts
74Monroe, MI57.1-0.4 pts
75Grand Haven, MI56.7-0.3 pts
76Trenton, MI56.5+0.3 pts
77Cadillac, MI56.1-1.2 pts
78Dearborn, MI55.7-0.6 pts
79Saginaw, MI55.6+1.6 pts
80Alpena, MI55.5-0.3 pts
81Adrian, MI54.7+2 pts
82East Lansing, MI54.7-0.7 pts
83Flint, MI54.5-0.4 pts
84Detroit, MI54.1-0.4 pts
85Muskegon, MI53.3-0 pts
86Coldwater, MI53.3+2.6 pts
87Melvindale, MI51.8-6.4 pts
88Escanaba, MI51.7+0.8 pts
89Ionia, MI48.7+0.5 pts
90Hamtramck, MI45.2-0.5 pts

Other periods

About this ranking

People aged 16 and over in the labor force (employed, unemployed or in the Armed Forces) as a percentage of all people aged 16 and over, including people in group quarters. United States: American Community Survey five-year estimate, where the period shown is the last year of the five-year span.

The Census Bureau definition used in its data profiles. It differs from the BLS labor_force_participation_rate, which counts the civilian noninstitutional population only.

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the cities are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B23025: population 16 years and over in the labor force as a percentage of the population 16 years and over, calculated with stored inputs, US cities (incorporated places of 10,000 or more). https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2024/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2024-b23025.dat. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Citation styles

The publisher is the author. Invokely is named only as the place the figures were read, where a style asks for it.

APA 7

U.S. Census Bureau. (2026). American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B23025: population 16 years and over in the labor force as a percentage of the population 16 years and over, calculated with stored inputs, US cities (incorporated places of 10,000 or more) (Cities in Michigan by labor force participation rate (US five-year survey estimate), 2024) [Data set]. Retrieved October 12, 2026, from https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2024/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2024-b23025.dat

MLA 9

American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B23025: population 16 years and over in the labor force as a percentage of the population 16 years and over, calculated with stored inputs, US cities (incorporated places of 10,000 or more), Cities in Michigan by labor force participation rate (US five-year survey estimate), 2024. U.S. Census Bureau, 29 Jan. 2026, https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2024/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2024-b23025.dat. Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/labor-force-participation-rate-acs/michigan-cities. Accessed 12 Oct. 2026.

Chicago (author-date)

U.S. Census Bureau. 2026. American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B23025: population 16 years and over in the labor force as a percentage of the population 16 years and over, calculated with stored inputs, US cities (incorporated places of 10,000 or more). Cities in Michigan by labor force participation rate (US five-year survey estimate), 2024. Dataset. Accessed October 12, 2026. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2024/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2024-b23025.dat. Also distributed by Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/labor-force-participation-rate-acs/michigan-cities.

Harvard

U.S. Census Bureau (2026) American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B23025: population 16 years and over in the labor force as a percentage of the population 16 years and over, calculated with stored inputs, US cities (incorporated places of 10,000 or more), Cities in Michigan by labor force participation rate (US five-year survey estimate), 2024 [Dataset]. Available at: https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2024/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2024-b23025.dat, via Invokely: https://invokely.ai/rankings/labor-force-participation-rate-acs/michigan-cities (Accessed: 12 October 2026).

BibTeX
@misc{census_cities_in_michigan_by_2024,
  author = {{U.S. Census Bureau}},
  title = {{American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B23025: population 16 years and over in the labor force as a percentage of the population 16 years and over, calculated with stored inputs, US cities (incorporated places of 10,000 or more): Cities in Michigan by labor force participation rate (US five-year survey estimate), 2024}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {Data set},
  url = {https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2024/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2024-b23025.dat},
  urldate = {2026-10-12},
  note = {Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/labor-force-participation-rate-acs/michigan-cities. Publisher attribution: U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B23025: population 16 years and over in the labor force as a percentage of the population 16 years and over, calculated with stored inputs, US cities (incorporated places of 10,000 or more). https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary\_file/2024/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2024-b23025.dat. Retrieved 2026-10-12.},
}
RIS
TY  - DATA
AU  - U.S. Census Bureau
TI  - American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B23025: population 16 years and over in the labor force as a percentage of the population 16 years and over, calculated with stored inputs, US cities (incorporated places of 10,000 or more): Cities in Michigan by labor force participation rate (US five-year survey estimate), 2024
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/01/29
PB  - U.S. Census Bureau
DB  - Invokely
UR  - https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2024/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2024-b23025.dat
L2  - https://invokely.ai/rankings/labor-force-participation-rate-acs/michigan-cities
Y2  - 2026/10/12
N1  - Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/labor-force-participation-rate-acs/michigan-cities.
N1  - Publisher attribution: U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B23025: population 16 years and over in the labor force as a percentage of the population 16 years and over, calculated with stored inputs, US cities (incorporated places of 10,000 or more). https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2024/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2024-b23025.dat. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
ER  -
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Rank Cities in Michigan by labor force participation rate (US five-year survey estimate) using official data, and cite the source.
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Questions

Which city has the highest labor force participation rate (US five-year survey estimate)?

Ferndale, MI, with 79.8% in 2024, according to the U.S. Census Bureau.

Which city has the lowest labor force participation rate (US five-year survey estimate)?

Hamtramck, MI, with 45.2% in 2024.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B23025: population 16 years and over in the labor force as a percentage of the population 16 years and over, calculated with stored inputs, US cities (incorporated places of 10,000 or more). Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Labor force participation rate (US five-year survey estimate): other rankings

Cities in Michigan: more rankings