Data / Rankings / Investment share of GDP / EU countries

EU countries by investment share of GDP

Czechia had the highest investment share of GDP of 26 EU countries in 2023, at 27.9% of GDP. Greece had the lowest, at 15.9% of GDP. The median was 23.1% of GDP and the figure for the European Union (27) was 22.5% of GDP. Source: Eurostat, European Commission.

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Highest27.9Czechia
Lowest15.9Greece
Median23.126 EU countries
European Union (27)22.5History

Map of EU countries, 2023

Austria: 24.7 % of GDPBelgium: 24.2 % of GDPCyprus: 22 % of GDPCzechia: 27.9 % of GDPGermany: 21.2 % of GDPDenmark: 23.6 % of GDPEstonia: 25.4 % of GDPSpain: 20.5 % of GDPFinland: 23.4 % of GDPFrance: 22.8 % of GDPGreece: 15.9 % of GDPCroatia: 24.8 % of GDPHungary: 25.6 % of GDPIreland: 24.9 % of GDPItaly: 22.7 % of GDPLithuania: 23.8 % of GDPLuxembourg: 16.1 % of GDPLatvia: 24 % of GDPMalta: 19.1 % of GDPNetherlands: 20.4 % of GDPPoland: 17.9 % of GDPPortugal: 20.5 % of GDPRomania: 26.6 % of GDPSweden: 25.4 % of GDPSlovenia: 21.6 % of GDPSlovakia: 21.1 % of GDP
  • Under 20
  • 20 to 22
  • 22 to 24
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  • 25 and over
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% of GDP, 2023. Hatched areas have no value for this period. Source: Eurostat, Key indicators for sector accounts, total investment to GDP ratio (nasa_10_ki). Boundaries: Natural Earth (public domain).

All EU countries, 2023

Czechia: 27.9 % of GDPCzechia27.9Romania: 26.6 % of GDPRomania26.6Hungary: 25.6 % of GDPHungary25.6Estonia: 25.4 % of GDPEstonia25.4Sweden: 25.4 % of GDPSweden25.4Ireland: 24.9 % of GDPIreland24.9Croatia: 24.8 % of GDPCroatia24.8Austria: 24.7 % of GDPAustria24.7Belgium: 24.2 % of GDPBelgium24.2Latvia: 24 % of GDPLatvia24Lithuania: 23.8 % of GDPLithuania23.8Denmark: 23.6 % of GDPDenmark23.6Finland: 23.4 % of GDPFinland23.4France: 22.8 % of GDPFrance22.8Italy: 22.7 % of GDPItaly22.7Cyprus: 22 % of GDPCyprus22Slovenia: 21.6 % of GDPSlovenia21.6Germany: 21.2 % of GDPGermany21.2Slovakia: 21.1 % of GDPSlovakia21.1Portugal: 20.5 % of GDPPortugal20.5Spain: 20.5 % of GDPSpain20.5Netherlands: 20.4 % of GDPNetherlands20.4Malta: 19.1 % of GDPMalta19.1Poland: 17.9 % of GDPPoland17.9Luxembourg: 16.1 % of GDPLuxembourg16.1Greece: 15.9 % of GDPGreece15.9Czechia: 27.9 % of GDPCzechia27.9Romania: 26.6 % of GDPRomania26.6Hungary: 25.6 % of GDPHungary25.6Estonia: 25.4 % of GDPEstonia25.4Sweden: 25.4 % of GDPSweden25.4Ireland: 24.9 % of GDPIreland24.9Croatia: 24.8 % of GDPCroatia24.8Austria: 24.7 % of GDPAustria24.7Belgium: 24.2 % of GDPBelgium24.2Latvia: 24 % of GDPLatvia24Lithuania: 23.8 % of GDPLithuania23.8Denmark: 23.6 % of GDPDenmark23.6Finland: 23.4 % of GDPFinland23.4France: 22.8 % of GDPFrance22.8Italy: 22.7 % of GDPItaly22.7Cyprus: 22 % of GDPCyprus22Slovenia: 21.6 % of GDPSlovenia21.6Germany: 21.2 % of GDPGermany21.2Slovakia: 21.1 % of GDPSlovakia21.1Portugal: 20.5 % of GDPPortugal20.5Spain: 20.5 % of GDPSpain20.5Netherlands: 20.4 % of GDPNetherlands20.4Malta: 19.1 % of GDPMalta19.1Poland: 17.9 % of GDPPoland17.9Luxembourg: 16.1 % of GDPLuxembourg16.1Greece: 15.9 % of GDPGreece15.9
% of GDP. Source: Eurostat, Key indicators for sector accounts, total investment to GDP ratio (nasa_10_ki). Retrieved 2026-10-18.

Full ranking

RankEU countries2023
% of GDP		Change on 2022
1Czechia27.9+0.3 pts
2Romania26.6+1.4 pts
3Hungary25.6-2 pts
4Estonia25.4+0.3 pts
4Sweden25.4-0.2 pts
6Ireland24.9+3.8 pts
7Croatia24.8+3.1 pts
8Austria24.7-0.5 pts
9Belgium24.2+0.2 pts
10Latvia24+0.7 pts
11Lithuania23.8+1.4 pts
12Denmark23.6+0.5 pts
13Finland23.4-1.3 pts
14France22.8-0.7 pts
15Italy22.7+0.9 pts
16Cyprus22+1.6 pts
17Slovenia21.6-0.4 pts
18Germany Provisional21.2-0.4 pts
19Slovakia21.1+0.2 pts
20Portugal20.5-0.1 pts
21Spain20.5-0 pts
22Netherlands20.4-0.1 pts
23Malta19.1-5.8 pts
24Poland17.9+1.5 pts
25Luxembourg16.1-0.5 pts
26Greece15.9+0.2 pts

Other periods

About this ranking

Gross fixed capital formation of the total economy (businesses, government and households) as a percentage of gross domestic product, both at current prices.

Includes dwellings, buildings, machinery, transport equipment and intellectual property such as software and R&D. Ireland's ratio swings with the purchases of intellectual property by multinational companies. From the annual sector accounts (ESA 2010). Households include non-profit institutions serving households. The latest years are often provisional and are revised with later transmissions.

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the EU countries are compared on one definition. 1 EU countries with data in other periods have no value for 2023 and are left out rather than filled from another source. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

Eurostat. Key indicators for sector accounts, total investment to GDP ratio (nasa_10_ki). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nasa_10_ki/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-18.

Citation styles

The publisher is the author. Invokely is named only as the place the figures were read, where a style asks for it.

APA 7

Eurostat, European Commission. (2026). Key indicators for sector accounts, total investment to GDP ratio (nasa_10_ki) (EU countries by investment share of GDP, 2023) [Data set]. Retrieved October 18, 2026, from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nasa_10_ki/default/table

MLA 9

Key indicators for sector accounts, total investment to GDP ratio (nasa_10_ki), EU countries by investment share of GDP, 2023. Eurostat, European Commission, 14 Oct. 2026, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nasa_10_ki/default/table. Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/investment-share-gdp/eu-countries?period=2023. Accessed 18 Oct. 2026.

Chicago (author-date)

Eurostat, European Commission. 2026. Key indicators for sector accounts, total investment to GDP ratio (nasa_10_ki). EU countries by investment share of GDP, 2023. Dataset. Accessed October 18, 2026. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nasa_10_ki/default/table. Also distributed by Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/investment-share-gdp/eu-countries?period=2023.

Harvard

Eurostat, European Commission (2026) Key indicators for sector accounts, total investment to GDP ratio (nasa_10_ki), EU countries by investment share of GDP, 2023 [Dataset]. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nasa_10_ki/default/table, via Invokely: https://invokely.ai/rankings/investment-share-gdp/eu-countries?period=2023 (Accessed: 18 October 2026).

BibTeX
@misc{eurostat_eu_countries_by_investment_2023,
  author = {{Eurostat, European Commission}},
  title = {{Key indicators for sector accounts, total investment to GDP ratio (nasa\_10\_ki): EU countries by investment share of GDP, 2023}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {Data set},
  url = {https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nasa_10_ki/default/table},
  urldate = {2026-10-18},
  note = {Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/investment-share-gdp/eu-countries?period=2023. Publisher attribution: Eurostat. Key indicators for sector accounts, total investment to GDP ratio (nasa\_10\_ki). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nasa\_10\_ki/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-18.},
}
RIS
TY  - DATA
AU  - Eurostat, European Commission
TI  - Key indicators for sector accounts, total investment to GDP ratio (nasa_10_ki): EU countries by investment share of GDP, 2023
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/14
PB  - Eurostat, European Commission
DB  - Invokely
UR  - https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nasa_10_ki/default/table
L2  - https://invokely.ai/rankings/investment-share-gdp/eu-countries?period=2023
Y2  - 2026/10/18
N1  - Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/investment-share-gdp/eu-countries?period=2023.
N1  - Publisher attribution: Eurostat. Key indicators for sector accounts, total investment to GDP ratio (nasa_10_ki). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nasa_10_ki/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-18.
ER  -
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Questions

Which EU country has the highest investment share of GDP?

Czechia, with 27.9% of GDP in 2023, according to Eurostat, European Commission.

Which EU country has the lowest investment share of GDP?

Greece, with 15.9% of GDP in 2023.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: Eurostat, European Commission, Key indicators for sector accounts, total investment to GDP ratio (nasa_10_ki). Retrieved 2026-10-18. 1 EU countries have no value for 2023 and are not ranked.

EU countries: more rankings