Data / Rankings / Investment share of GDP / EU countries

EU countries by investment share of GDP

Ireland had the highest investment share of GDP of 27 EU countries in 2020, at 41.4% of GDP. Greece had the lowest, at 12.3% of GDP. The median was 21.4% of GDP and the figure for the European Union (27) was 22.3% of GDP. Source: Eurostat, European Commission.

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Highest41.4Ireland
Lowest12.3Greece
Median21.427 EU countries
European Union (27)22.3History

Map of EU countries, 2020

Austria: 25.1 % of GDPBelgium: 24 % of GDPBulgaria: 19 % of GDPCyprus: 20.8 % of GDPCzechia: 25.5 % of GDPGermany: 21.3 % of GDPDenmark: 22.2 % of GDPEstonia: 31.2 % of GDPSpain: 20.6 % of GDPFinland: 24.7 % of GDPFrance: 22.4 % of GDPGreece: 12.3 % of GDPCroatia: 22.4 % of GDPHungary: 26.5 % of GDPIreland: 41.4 % of GDPItaly: 18.2 % of GDPLithuania: 21.4 % of GDPLuxembourg: 17.2 % of GDPLatvia: 23 % of GDPMalta: 19.9 % of GDPNetherlands: 21.3 % of GDPPoland: 18.4 % of GDPPortugal: 19.5 % of GDPRomania: 23.5 % of GDPSweden: 24.5 % of GDPSlovenia: 19 % of GDPSlovakia: 19.8 % of GDP
  • Under 19
  • 19 to 21
  • 21 to 22
  • 22 to 25
  • 25 and over
% of GDP, 2020. Source: Eurostat, Key indicators for sector accounts, total investment to GDP ratio (nasa_10_ki). Boundaries: Natural Earth (public domain).

All EU countries, 2020

Ireland: 41.4 % of GDPIreland41.4Estonia: 31.2 % of GDPEstonia31.2Hungary: 26.5 % of GDPHungary26.5Czechia: 25.5 % of GDPCzechia25.5Austria: 25.1 % of GDPAustria25.1Finland: 24.7 % of GDPFinland24.7Sweden: 24.5 % of GDPSweden24.5Belgium: 24 % of GDPBelgium24Romania: 23.5 % of GDPRomania23.5Latvia: 23 % of GDPLatvia23France: 22.4 % of GDPFrance22.4Croatia: 22.4 % of GDPCroatia22.4Denmark: 22.2 % of GDPDenmark22.2Lithuania: 21.4 % of GDPLithuania21.4Germany: 21.3 % of GDPGermany21.3Netherlands: 21.3 % of GDPNetherlands21.3Cyprus: 20.8 % of GDPCyprus20.8Spain: 20.6 % of GDPSpain20.6Malta: 19.9 % of GDPMalta19.9Slovakia: 19.8 % of GDPSlovakia19.8Portugal: 19.5 % of GDPPortugal19.5Slovenia: 19 % of GDPSlovenia19Bulgaria: 19 % of GDPBulgaria19Poland: 18.4 % of GDPPoland18.4Italy: 18.2 % of GDPItaly18.2Luxembourg: 17.2 % of GDPLuxembourg17.2Greece: 12.3 % of GDPGreece12.3Ireland: 41.4 % of GDPIreland41.4Estonia: 31.2 % of GDPEstonia31.2Hungary: 26.5 % of GDPHungary26.5Czechia: 25.5 % of GDPCzechia25.5Austria: 25.1 % of GDPAustria25.1Finland: 24.7 % of GDPFinland24.7Sweden: 24.5 % of GDPSweden24.5Belgium: 24 % of GDPBelgium24Romania: 23.5 % of GDPRomania23.5Latvia: 23 % of GDPLatvia23France: 22.4 % of GDPFrance22.4Croatia: 22.4 % of GDPCroatia22.4Denmark: 22.2 % of GDPDenmark22.2Lithuania: 21.4 % of GDPLithuania21.4Germany: 21.3 % of GDPGermany21.3Netherlands: 21.3 % of GDPNetherlands21.3Cyprus: 20.8 % of GDPCyprus20.8Spain: 20.6 % of GDPSpain20.6Malta: 19.9 % of GDPMalta19.9Slovakia: 19.8 % of GDPSlovakia19.8Portugal: 19.5 % of GDPPortugal19.5Slovenia: 19 % of GDPSlovenia19Bulgaria: 19 % of GDPBulgaria19Poland: 18.4 % of GDPPoland18.4Italy: 18.2 % of GDPItaly18.2Luxembourg: 17.2 % of GDPLuxembourg17.2Greece: 12.3 % of GDPGreece12.3
% of GDP. Source: Eurostat, Key indicators for sector accounts, total investment to GDP ratio (nasa_10_ki). Retrieved 2026-10-18.

Full ranking

RankEU countries2020
% of GDP		Change on 2019
1Ireland41.4-11.8 pts
2Estonia31.2+4.6 pts
3Hungary26.5-0.7 pts
4Czechia25.5-0.2 pts
5Austria25.1+0.1 pts
6Finland24.7+0.2 pts
7Sweden24.5+0.7 pts
8Belgium24-0.2 pts
9Romania23.5+0.2 pts
10Latvia23+0.3 pts
11France22.40 pts
12Croatia22.4+0.4 pts
13Denmark22.2+0.8 pts
14Lithuania21.4+0.2 pts
15Germany21.3+0.2 pts
16Netherlands21.3+0.4 pts
17Cyprus20.8+2.1 pts
18Spain20.6+0.3 pts
19Malta19.9-0.1 pts
20Slovakia19.8-1.9 pts
21Portugal19.5+1.1 pts
22Slovenia19-0.7 pts
23Bulgaria19+0.3 pts
24Poland18.4-0.8 pts
25Italy18.2+0.1 pts
26Luxembourg17.2-0.9 pts
27Greece12.3+1.3 pts

Other periods

About this ranking

Gross fixed capital formation of the total economy (businesses, government and households) as a percentage of gross domestic product, both at current prices.

Includes dwellings, buildings, machinery, transport equipment and intellectual property such as software and R&D. Ireland's ratio swings with the purchases of intellectual property by multinational companies. From the annual sector accounts (ESA 2010). Households include non-profit institutions serving households. The latest years are often provisional and are revised with later transmissions.

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the EU countries are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

Eurostat. Key indicators for sector accounts, total investment to GDP ratio (nasa_10_ki). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nasa_10_ki/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-18.

Citation styles

The publisher is the author. Invokely is named only as the place the figures were read, where a style asks for it.

APA 7

Eurostat, European Commission. (2026). Key indicators for sector accounts, total investment to GDP ratio (nasa_10_ki) (EU countries by investment share of GDP, 2020) [Data set]. Retrieved October 18, 2026, from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nasa_10_ki/default/table

MLA 9

Key indicators for sector accounts, total investment to GDP ratio (nasa_10_ki), EU countries by investment share of GDP, 2020. Eurostat, European Commission, 14 Oct. 2026, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nasa_10_ki/default/table. Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/investment-share-gdp/eu-countries?period=2020. Accessed 18 Oct. 2026.

Chicago (author-date)

Eurostat, European Commission. 2026. Key indicators for sector accounts, total investment to GDP ratio (nasa_10_ki). EU countries by investment share of GDP, 2020. Dataset. Accessed October 18, 2026. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nasa_10_ki/default/table. Also distributed by Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/investment-share-gdp/eu-countries?period=2020.

Harvard

Eurostat, European Commission (2026) Key indicators for sector accounts, total investment to GDP ratio (nasa_10_ki), EU countries by investment share of GDP, 2020 [Dataset]. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nasa_10_ki/default/table, via Invokely: https://invokely.ai/rankings/investment-share-gdp/eu-countries?period=2020 (Accessed: 18 October 2026).

BibTeX
@misc{eurostat_eu_countries_by_investment_2020,
  author = {{Eurostat, European Commission}},
  title = {{Key indicators for sector accounts, total investment to GDP ratio (nasa\_10\_ki): EU countries by investment share of GDP, 2020}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {Data set},
  url = {https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nasa_10_ki/default/table},
  urldate = {2026-10-18},
  note = {Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/investment-share-gdp/eu-countries?period=2020. Publisher attribution: Eurostat. Key indicators for sector accounts, total investment to GDP ratio (nasa\_10\_ki). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nasa\_10\_ki/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-18.},
}
RIS
TY  - DATA
AU  - Eurostat, European Commission
TI  - Key indicators for sector accounts, total investment to GDP ratio (nasa_10_ki): EU countries by investment share of GDP, 2020
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/14
PB  - Eurostat, European Commission
DB  - Invokely
UR  - https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nasa_10_ki/default/table
L2  - https://invokely.ai/rankings/investment-share-gdp/eu-countries?period=2020
Y2  - 2026/10/18
N1  - Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/investment-share-gdp/eu-countries?period=2020.
N1  - Publisher attribution: Eurostat. Key indicators for sector accounts, total investment to GDP ratio (nasa_10_ki). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nasa_10_ki/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-18.
ER  -
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Questions

Which EU country has the highest investment share of GDP?

Ireland, with 41.4% of GDP in 2020, according to Eurostat, European Commission.

Which EU country has the lowest investment share of GDP?

Greece, with 12.3% of GDP in 2020.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: Eurostat, European Commission, Key indicators for sector accounts, total investment to GDP ratio (nasa_10_ki). Retrieved 2026-10-18.

EU countries: more rankings