Data / Rankings / Investment share of GDP / EU countries

EU countries by investment share of GDP

Ireland had the highest investment share of GDP of 27 EU countries in 2019, at 53.2% of GDP. Greece had the lowest, at 11% of GDP. The median was 21.4% of GDP and the figure for the European Union (27) was 22.3% of GDP. Source: Eurostat, European Commission.

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Highest53.2Ireland
Lowest11Greece
Median21.427 EU countries
European Union (27)22.3History

Map of EU countries, 2019

Austria: 25.1 % of GDPBelgium: 24.2 % of GDPBulgaria: 18.7 % of GDPCyprus: 18.7 % of GDPCzechia: 25.8 % of GDPGermany: 21.2 % of GDPDenmark: 21.4 % of GDPEstonia: 26.6 % of GDPSpain: 20.3 % of GDPFinland: 24.4 % of GDPFrance: 22.4 % of GDPGreece: 11 % of GDPCroatia: 21.9 % of GDPHungary: 27.1 % of GDPIreland: 53.2 % of GDPItaly: 18.1 % of GDPLithuania: 21.2 % of GDPLuxembourg: 18.1 % of GDPLatvia: 22.7 % of GDPMalta: 20.1 % of GDPNetherlands: 20.9 % of GDPPoland: 19.2 % of GDPPortugal: 18.4 % of GDPRomania: 23.3 % of GDPSweden: 23.8 % of GDPSlovenia: 19.8 % of GDPSlovakia: 21.7 % of GDP
  • Under 19
  • 19 to 21
  • 21 to 22
  • 22 to 24
  • 24 and over
% of GDP, 2019. Source: Eurostat, Key indicators for sector accounts, total investment to GDP ratio (nasa_10_ki). Boundaries: Natural Earth (public domain).

All EU countries, 2019

Ireland: 53.2 % of GDPIreland53.2Hungary: 27.1 % of GDPHungary27.1Estonia: 26.6 % of GDPEstonia26.6Czechia: 25.8 % of GDPCzechia25.8Austria: 25.1 % of GDPAustria25.1Finland: 24.4 % of GDPFinland24.4Belgium: 24.2 % of GDPBelgium24.2Sweden: 23.8 % of GDPSweden23.8Romania: 23.3 % of GDPRomania23.3Latvia: 22.7 % of GDPLatvia22.7France: 22.4 % of GDPFrance22.4Croatia: 21.9 % of GDPCroatia21.9Slovakia: 21.7 % of GDPSlovakia21.7Denmark: 21.4 % of GDPDenmark21.4Lithuania: 21.2 % of GDPLithuania21.2Germany: 21.2 % of GDPGermany21.2Netherlands: 20.9 % of GDPNetherlands20.9Spain: 20.3 % of GDPSpain20.3Malta: 20.1 % of GDPMalta20.1Slovenia: 19.8 % of GDPSlovenia19.8Poland: 19.2 % of GDPPoland19.2Bulgaria: 18.7 % of GDPBulgaria18.7Cyprus: 18.7 % of GDPCyprus18.7Portugal: 18.4 % of GDPPortugal18.4Italy: 18.1 % of GDPItaly18.1Luxembourg: 18.1 % of GDPLuxembourg18.1Greece: 11 % of GDPGreece11Ireland: 53.2 % of GDPIreland53.2Hungary: 27.1 % of GDPHungary27.1Estonia: 26.6 % of GDPEstonia26.6Czechia: 25.8 % of GDPCzechia25.8Austria: 25.1 % of GDPAustria25.1Finland: 24.4 % of GDPFinland24.4Belgium: 24.2 % of GDPBelgium24.2Sweden: 23.8 % of GDPSweden23.8Romania: 23.3 % of GDPRomania23.3Latvia: 22.7 % of GDPLatvia22.7France: 22.4 % of GDPFrance22.4Croatia: 21.9 % of GDPCroatia21.9Slovakia: 21.7 % of GDPSlovakia21.7Denmark: 21.4 % of GDPDenmark21.4Lithuania: 21.2 % of GDPLithuania21.2Germany: 21.2 % of GDPGermany21.2Netherlands: 20.9 % of GDPNetherlands20.9Spain: 20.3 % of GDPSpain20.3Malta: 20.1 % of GDPMalta20.1Slovenia: 19.8 % of GDPSlovenia19.8Poland: 19.2 % of GDPPoland19.2Bulgaria: 18.7 % of GDPBulgaria18.7Cyprus: 18.7 % of GDPCyprus18.7Portugal: 18.4 % of GDPPortugal18.4Italy: 18.1 % of GDPItaly18.1Luxembourg: 18.1 % of GDPLuxembourg18.1Greece: 11 % of GDPGreece11
% of GDP. Source: Eurostat, Key indicators for sector accounts, total investment to GDP ratio (nasa_10_ki). Retrieved 2026-10-18.

Full ranking

RankEU countries2019
% of GDP		Change on 2018
1Ireland53.2+25.3 pts
2Hungary27.1+2.2 pts
3Estonia26.60 pts
4Czechia25.8+0.9 pts
5Austria25.1+0.8 pts
6Finland24.4-0.2 pts
7Belgium24.2+0.5 pts
8Sweden23.8-0.8 pts
9Romania23.3+2.1 pts
10Latvia22.7-0.2 pts
11France22.4+0.5 pts
12Croatia21.9+1.9 pts
13Slovakia21.7+0.3 pts
14Denmark21.4-0.4 pts
15Lithuania21.2+0.5 pts
16Germany21.2+0.3 pts
17Netherlands20.9+1 pts
18Spain20.3+0.6 pts
19Malta20.1+1 pts
20Slovenia19.8+0.2 pts
21Poland19.2+0.4 pts
22Bulgaria18.7-0.1 pts
22Cyprus18.7+0.1 pts
24Portugal18.4+0.6 pts
25Italy18.1+0.2 pts
26Luxembourg18.1+1.9 pts
27Greece11-0.4 pts

Other periods

About this ranking

Gross fixed capital formation of the total economy (businesses, government and households) as a percentage of gross domestic product, both at current prices.

Includes dwellings, buildings, machinery, transport equipment and intellectual property such as software and R&D. Ireland's ratio swings with the purchases of intellectual property by multinational companies. From the annual sector accounts (ESA 2010). Households include non-profit institutions serving households. The latest years are often provisional and are revised with later transmissions.

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the EU countries are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

Eurostat. Key indicators for sector accounts, total investment to GDP ratio (nasa_10_ki). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nasa_10_ki/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-18.

Citation styles

The publisher is the author. Invokely is named only as the place the figures were read, where a style asks for it.

APA 7

Eurostat, European Commission. (2026). Key indicators for sector accounts, total investment to GDP ratio (nasa_10_ki) (EU countries by investment share of GDP, 2019) [Data set]. Retrieved October 18, 2026, from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nasa_10_ki/default/table

MLA 9

Key indicators for sector accounts, total investment to GDP ratio (nasa_10_ki), EU countries by investment share of GDP, 2019. Eurostat, European Commission, 14 Oct. 2026, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nasa_10_ki/default/table. Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/investment-share-gdp/eu-countries?period=2019. Accessed 18 Oct. 2026.

Chicago (author-date)

Eurostat, European Commission. 2026. Key indicators for sector accounts, total investment to GDP ratio (nasa_10_ki). EU countries by investment share of GDP, 2019. Dataset. Accessed October 18, 2026. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nasa_10_ki/default/table. Also distributed by Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/investment-share-gdp/eu-countries?period=2019.

Harvard

Eurostat, European Commission (2026) Key indicators for sector accounts, total investment to GDP ratio (nasa_10_ki), EU countries by investment share of GDP, 2019 [Dataset]. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nasa_10_ki/default/table, via Invokely: https://invokely.ai/rankings/investment-share-gdp/eu-countries?period=2019 (Accessed: 18 October 2026).

BibTeX
@misc{eurostat_eu_countries_by_investment_2019,
  author = {{Eurostat, European Commission}},
  title = {{Key indicators for sector accounts, total investment to GDP ratio (nasa\_10\_ki): EU countries by investment share of GDP, 2019}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {Data set},
  url = {https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nasa_10_ki/default/table},
  urldate = {2026-10-18},
  note = {Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/investment-share-gdp/eu-countries?period=2019. Publisher attribution: Eurostat. Key indicators for sector accounts, total investment to GDP ratio (nasa\_10\_ki). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nasa\_10\_ki/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-18.},
}
RIS
TY  - DATA
AU  - Eurostat, European Commission
TI  - Key indicators for sector accounts, total investment to GDP ratio (nasa_10_ki): EU countries by investment share of GDP, 2019
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/14
PB  - Eurostat, European Commission
DB  - Invokely
UR  - https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nasa_10_ki/default/table
L2  - https://invokely.ai/rankings/investment-share-gdp/eu-countries?period=2019
Y2  - 2026/10/18
N1  - Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/investment-share-gdp/eu-countries?period=2019.
N1  - Publisher attribution: Eurostat. Key indicators for sector accounts, total investment to GDP ratio (nasa_10_ki). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nasa_10_ki/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-18.
ER  -
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Questions

Which EU country has the highest investment share of GDP?

Ireland, with 53.2% of GDP in 2019, according to Eurostat, European Commission.

Which EU country has the lowest investment share of GDP?

Greece, with 11% of GDP in 2019.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: Eurostat, European Commission, Key indicators for sector accounts, total investment to GDP ratio (nasa_10_ki). Retrieved 2026-10-18.

EU countries: more rankings