Data / Rankings / At risk of poverty or social exclusion rate (AROPE) / EU countries

EU countries by at risk of poverty or social exclusion rate (AROPE)

Romania had the highest at risk of poverty or social exclusion rate (AROPE) of 27 EU countries in 2023, at 32%. Czechia had the lowest, at 12%. The median was 19.8% and the figure for the European Union (27) was 21.3%. Source: Eurostat, European Commission.

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Highest32Romania
Lowest12Czechia
Median19.827 EU countries
European Union (27)21.3History

Map of EU countries, 2023

Austria: 17.7 %Belgium: 18.8 %Bulgaria: 30 %Cyprus: 17.4 %Czechia: 12 %Germany: 21.3 %Denmark: 17.9 %Estonia: 24.2 %Spain: 26.5 %Finland: 15.8 %France: 20.4 %Greece: 26.1 %Croatia: 20.7 %Hungary: 19.7 %Ireland: 19.2 %Italy: 22.8 %Lithuania: 24.3 %Luxembourg: 21.4 %Latvia: 25.6 %Malta: 19.8 %Netherlands: 15.8 %Poland: 16.3 %Portugal: 20.1 %Romania: 32 %Sweden: 18.4 %Slovenia: 13.7 %Slovakia: 17.6 %
  • Under 17
  • 17 to 19
  • 19 to 21
  • 21 to 24
  • 24 and over
%, 2023. Source: Eurostat, Persons at risk of poverty or social exclusion, percentage of the total population (ilc_peps01n). Boundaries: Natural Earth (public domain).

All EU countries, 2023

Romania: 32 %Romania32Bulgaria: 30 %Bulgaria30Spain: 26.5 %Spain26.5Greece: 26.1 %Greece26.1Latvia: 25.6 %Latvia25.6Lithuania: 24.3 %Lithuania24.3Estonia: 24.2 %Estonia24.2Italy: 22.8 %Italy22.8Luxembourg: 21.4 %Luxembourg21.4Germany: 21.3 %Germany21.3Croatia: 20.7 %Croatia20.7France: 20.4 %France20.4Portugal: 20.1 %Portugal20.1Malta: 19.8 %Malta19.8Hungary: 19.7 %Hungary19.7Ireland: 19.2 %Ireland19.2Belgium: 18.8 %Belgium18.8Sweden: 18.4 %Sweden18.4Denmark: 17.9 %Denmark17.9Austria: 17.7 %Austria17.7Slovakia: 17.6 %Slovakia17.6Cyprus: 17.4 %Cyprus17.4Poland: 16.3 %Poland16.3Finland: 15.8 %Finland15.8Netherlands: 15.8 %Netherlands15.8Slovenia: 13.7 %Slovenia13.7Czechia: 12 %Czechia12Romania: 32 %Romania32Bulgaria: 30 %Bulgaria30Spain: 26.5 %Spain26.5Greece: 26.1 %Greece26.1Latvia: 25.6 %Latvia25.6Lithuania: 24.3 %Lithuania24.3Estonia: 24.2 %Estonia24.2Italy: 22.8 %Italy22.8Luxembourg: 21.4 %Luxembourg21.4Germany: 21.3 %Germany21.3Croatia: 20.7 %Croatia20.7France: 20.4 %France20.4Portugal: 20.1 %Portugal20.1Malta: 19.8 %Malta19.8Hungary: 19.7 %Hungary19.7Ireland: 19.2 %Ireland19.2Belgium: 18.8 %Belgium18.8Sweden: 18.4 %Sweden18.4Denmark: 17.9 %Denmark17.9Austria: 17.7 %Austria17.7Slovakia: 17.6 %Slovakia17.6Cyprus: 17.4 %Cyprus17.4Poland: 16.3 %Poland16.3Finland: 15.8 %Finland15.8Netherlands: 15.8 %Netherlands15.8Slovenia: 13.7 %Slovenia13.7Czechia: 12 %Czechia12
%. Source: Eurostat, Persons at risk of poverty or social exclusion, percentage of the total population (ilc_peps01n). Retrieved 2026-10-18.

Full ranking

RankEU countries2023 (%)Change on 2022
1Romania32-2.4 pts
2Bulgaria30-2.2 pts
3Spain26.5+0.5 pts
4Greece26.1-0.2 pts
5Latvia25.6-0.4 pts
6Lithuania24.3-0.3 pts
7Estonia24.2-1 pts
8Italy22.8-1.6 pts
9Luxembourg21.4+2 pts
10Germany21.3+0.2 pts
11Croatia Series break20.7+0.8 pts
12France20.4-0.3 pts
13Portugal20.10 pts
14Malta19.8-0.3 pts
15Hungary19.7+0.9 pts
16Ireland19.2-0.4 pts
17Belgium18.8+0.2 pts
18Sweden18.4-0.2 pts
19Denmark17.9+0.8 pts
20Austria17.7+0.2 pts
21Slovakia17.6+1.1 pts
22Cyprus17.4-0.1 pts
23Poland16.3+0.4 pts
24Finland15.8-0.5 pts
24Netherlands15.8-0.7 pts
26Slovenia13.7+0.4 pts
27Czechia12+0.2 pts

Other periods

About this ranking

People who are at risk of poverty (equivalised disposable income below 60% of the national median after social transfers), severely materially and socially deprived, or living in a household with very low work intensity, as a percentage of the total population. Each person is counted once even if more than one condition applies.

The headline EU 2030 social target indicator, in the definition used since 2021 and back-calculated to 2015. Wider than the at-risk-of-poverty rate (at_risk_of_poverty_rate), which counts low income only. From the EU statistics on income and living conditions (EU-SILC). Income refers to the previous calendar year in most countries. Eurostat flags series breaks; they are stored as status break.

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the EU countries are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

Eurostat. Persons at risk of poverty or social exclusion, percentage of the total population (ilc_peps01n). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ilc_peps01n/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-18.

Citation styles

The publisher is the author. Invokely is named only as the place the figures were read, where a style asks for it.

APA 7

Eurostat, European Commission. (2026). Persons at risk of poverty or social exclusion, percentage of the total population (ilc_peps01n) (EU countries by at risk of poverty or social exclusion rate (AROPE), 2023) [Data set]. Retrieved October 18, 2026, from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ilc_peps01n/default/table

MLA 9

Persons at risk of poverty or social exclusion, percentage of the total population (ilc_peps01n), EU countries by at risk of poverty or social exclusion rate (AROPE), 2023. Eurostat, European Commission, 5 Oct. 2026, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ilc_peps01n/default/table. Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/at-risk-of-poverty-or-social-exclusion-rate/eu-countries?period=2023. Accessed 18 Oct. 2026.

Chicago (author-date)

Eurostat, European Commission. 2026. Persons at risk of poverty or social exclusion, percentage of the total population (ilc_peps01n). EU countries by at risk of poverty or social exclusion rate (AROPE), 2023. Dataset. Accessed October 18, 2026. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ilc_peps01n/default/table. Also distributed by Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/at-risk-of-poverty-or-social-exclusion-rate/eu-countries?period=2023.

Harvard

Eurostat, European Commission (2026) Persons at risk of poverty or social exclusion, percentage of the total population (ilc_peps01n), EU countries by at risk of poverty or social exclusion rate (AROPE), 2023 [Dataset]. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ilc_peps01n/default/table, via Invokely: https://invokely.ai/rankings/at-risk-of-poverty-or-social-exclusion-rate/eu-countries?period=2023 (Accessed: 18 October 2026).

BibTeX
@misc{eurostat_eu_countries_by_at_2023,
  author = {{Eurostat, European Commission}},
  title = {{Persons at risk of poverty or social exclusion, percentage of the total population (ilc\_peps01n): EU countries by at risk of poverty or social exclusion rate (AROPE), 2023}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {Data set},
  url = {https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ilc_peps01n/default/table},
  urldate = {2026-10-18},
  note = {Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/at-risk-of-poverty-or-social-exclusion-rate/eu-countries?period=2023. Publisher attribution: Eurostat. Persons at risk of poverty or social exclusion, percentage of the total population (ilc\_peps01n). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ilc\_peps01n/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-18.},
}
RIS
TY  - DATA
AU  - Eurostat, European Commission
TI  - Persons at risk of poverty or social exclusion, percentage of the total population (ilc_peps01n): EU countries by at risk of poverty or social exclusion rate (AROPE), 2023
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/05
PB  - Eurostat, European Commission
DB  - Invokely
UR  - https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ilc_peps01n/default/table
L2  - https://invokely.ai/rankings/at-risk-of-poverty-or-social-exclusion-rate/eu-countries?period=2023
Y2  - 2026/10/18
N1  - Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/at-risk-of-poverty-or-social-exclusion-rate/eu-countries?period=2023.
N1  - Publisher attribution: Eurostat. Persons at risk of poverty or social exclusion, percentage of the total population (ilc_peps01n). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ilc_peps01n/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-18.
ER  -
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Questions

Which EU country has the highest at risk of poverty or social exclusion rate (AROPE)?

Romania, with 32% in 2023, according to Eurostat, European Commission.

Which EU country has the lowest at risk of poverty or social exclusion rate (AROPE)?

Czechia, with 12% in 2023.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: Eurostat, European Commission, Persons at risk of poverty or social exclusion, percentage of the total population (ilc_peps01n). Retrieved 2026-10-18.

At risk of poverty or social exclusion rate (AROPE): other rankings

EU countries: more rankings