EU countries by people unable to keep their home adequately warm

Bulgaria had the highest people unable to keep their home adequately warm of 27 EU countries in 2018, at 33.7%. Austria had the lowest, at 1.6%. The median was 5.1% and the figure for the European Union (27) was 7.6%. Source: Eurostat, European Commission.

Highest33.7Bulgaria

Lowest1.6Austria

Median5.127 EU countries

European Union (27)7.6History

Map of EU countries, 2018

Under 2.4
2.4 to 4.6
4.6 to 6.9
6.9 to 13
13 and over

%, 2018. Source: Eurostat, Inability to keep home adequately warm, total population, all household types and incomes (ilc_mdes01). Boundaries: Natural Earth (public domain).

All EU countries, 2018

%. Source: Eurostat, Inability to keep home adequately warm, total population, all household types and incomes (ilc_mdes01). Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Full ranking

Rank	EU countries	2018 (%)	Change on 2017
1	Bulgaria	33.7	-2.8 pts
2	Lithuania	27.9	-1 pts
3	Greece	22.7	-3 pts
4	Cyprus	21.9	-1 pts
5	Portugal	19.4	-1 pts
6	Italy	14.1	-1.1 pts
7	Romania	9.6	-1.7 pts
8	Spain	9.1	+1.1 pts
9	Croatia	7.7	+0.3 pts
10	Malta	7.6	+1.3 pts
11	Latvia	7.5	-2.2 pts
12	Hungary	6.1	-0.7 pts
13	Belgium	5.2	-0.6 pts
14	Poland	5.1	-0.9 pts
15	France	5	+0.1 pts
16	Slovakia	4.8	+0.5 pts
17	Ireland	4.4	0 pts
18	Slovenia	3.3	-0.6 pts
19	Denmark	3	+0.3 pts
20	Czechia	2.7	-0.4 pts
20	Germany	2.7	-0.6 pts
22	Estonia	2.3	-0.6 pts
22	Sweden	2.3	+0.2 pts
24	Netherlands	2.2	-0.2 pts
25	Luxembourg	2.1	+0.2 pts
26	Finland	1.7	-0.3 pts
27	Austria	1.6	-0.8 pts

Other periods

About this ranking

Share of the population living in households that cannot afford to keep their home adequately warm (EU-SILC, all household types and incomes).

EU statistics on income and living conditions (EU-SILC). The reference year is the survey year. Self-reported by households; a share of people, not of households. One of the EU energy poverty indicators.

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the EU countries are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

Eurostat. Inability to keep home adequately warm, total population, all household types and incomes (ilc_mdes01). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ilc_mdes01/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Citation styles

The publisher is the author. Invokely is named only as the place the figures were read, where a style asks for it.

APA 7

Eurostat, European Commission. (2026). Inability to keep home adequately warm, total population, all household types and incomes (ilc_mdes01) (EU countries by people unable to keep their home adequately warm, 2018) [Data set]. Retrieved October 12, 2026, from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ilc_mdes01/default/table

MLA 9

Inability to keep home adequately warm, total population, all household types and incomes (ilc_mdes01), EU countries by people unable to keep their home adequately warm, 2018. Eurostat, European Commission, 17 Sept. 2026, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ilc_mdes01/default/table. Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/unable-to-keep-home-warm/eu-countries?period=2018. Accessed 12 Oct. 2026.

Chicago (author-date)

Eurostat, European Commission. 2026. Inability to keep home adequately warm, total population, all household types and incomes (ilc_mdes01). EU countries by people unable to keep their home adequately warm, 2018. Dataset. Accessed October 12, 2026. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ilc_mdes01/default/table. Also distributed by Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/unable-to-keep-home-warm/eu-countries?period=2018.

Harvard

Eurostat, European Commission (2026) Inability to keep home adequately warm, total population, all household types and incomes (ilc_mdes01), EU countries by people unable to keep their home adequately warm, 2018 [Dataset]. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ilc_mdes01/default/table, via Invokely: https://invokely.ai/rankings/unable-to-keep-home-warm/eu-countries?period=2018 (Accessed: 12 October 2026).

BibTeX

@misc{eurostat_eu_countries_by_people_2018,
  author = {{Eurostat, European Commission}},
  title = {{Inability to keep home adequately warm, total population, all household types and incomes (ilc\_mdes01): EU countries by people unable to keep their home adequately warm, 2018}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {Data set},
  url = {https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ilc_mdes01/default/table},
  urldate = {2026-10-12},
  note = {Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/unable-to-keep-home-warm/eu-countries?period=2018. Publisher attribution: Eurostat. Inability to keep home adequately warm, total population, all household types and incomes (ilc\_mdes01). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ilc\_mdes01/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-12.},
}

RIS

TY  - DATA
AU  - Eurostat, European Commission
TI  - Inability to keep home adequately warm, total population, all household types and incomes (ilc_mdes01): EU countries by people unable to keep their home adequately warm, 2018
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/09/17
PB  - Eurostat, European Commission
DB  - Invokely
UR  - https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ilc_mdes01/default/table
L2  - https://invokely.ai/rankings/unable-to-keep-home-warm/eu-countries?period=2018
Y2  - 2026/10/12
N1  - Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/unable-to-keep-home-warm/eu-countries?period=2018.
N1  - Publisher attribution: Eurostat. Inability to keep home adequately warm, total population, all household types and incomes (ilc_mdes01). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ilc_mdes01/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
ER  -

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Rank EU countries by people unable to keep their home adequately warm using official data, and cite the source.

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Questions

Which EU country has the highest people unable to keep their home adequately warm?

Bulgaria, with 33.7% in 2018, according to Eurostat, European Commission.

Which EU country has the lowest people unable to keep their home adequately warm?

Austria, with 1.6% in 2018.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: Eurostat, European Commission, Inability to keep home adequately warm, total population, all household types and incomes (ilc_mdes01). Retrieved 2026-10-12.