EU countries by net migration
Spain had the highest net migration of 27 EU countries in 2020, at 236,854. Romania had the lowest, at -13,202. The median was 15,746. Source: the World Bank.
All EU countries, 2020
Full ranking
| Rank | EU countries | 2020 | Change on 2019 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Spain | 236,854 | -49% |
| 2 | Germany | 203,468 | -36.2% |
| 3 | France | 145,593 | +102.3% |
| 4 | Italy | 85,281 | +82.9% |
| 5 | Netherlands | 67,598 | -38% |
| 6 | Portugal | 54,076 | -14.2% |
| 7 | Belgium | 43,777 | -25.1% |
| 8 | Austria | 39,601 | -3.6% |
| 9 | Sweden | 37,302 | -48.6% |
| 10 | Bulgaria | 30,167 | +1,499.2% |
| 11 | Slovenia | 28,514 | +74.4% |
| 12 | Lithuania | 19,884 | +86.4% |
| 13 | Finland | 17,504 | +11.7% |
| 14 | Ireland | 15,746 | -46.9% |
| 15 | Denmark | 10,851 | +14.4% |
| 16 | Cyprus | 9,653 | -3.3% |
| 17 | Hungary | 9,147 | -73.4% |
| 18 | Luxembourg | 6,967 | -33.7% |
| 19 | Malta | 6,904 | -66% |
| 20 | Greece | 6,353 | -82.7% |
| 21 | Slovakia | 4,350 | +39.1% |
| 22 | Czechia | 4,336 | -21.9% |
| 23 | Poland | 3,920 | -49.1% |
| 24 | Estonia | 3,694 | -31.4% |
| 25 | Latvia | -3,147 | +7.9% |
| 26 | Croatia | -8,552 | +35.4% |
| 27 | Romania | -13,202 | +52.7% |
Other periods
About this ranking
Immigrants minus emigrants during the year, citizens and noncitizens together. A negative value means more people left than arrived.
Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the EU countries are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.
How to cite
World Bank, World Development Indicators. Net migration (SM.POP.NETM). https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SM.POP.NETM. Retrieved 2026-10-11.Use this data in your AI agent
Invokely serves this figure to AI assistants through MCP and to code through a REST API, with the source and citation attached. Ask your assistant:
Rank EU countries by net migration using official data, and cite the source.
rank_places {"indicator":"net_migration","level":"country","within":"European Union (27)","limit":10}
GET https://invokely.ai/api/v1/rank?indicator=net_migration&level=country&within=European%20Union%20(27)&limit=10Questions
Which EU country has the highest net migration?
Spain, with 236,854 in 2020, according to the World Bank.
Which EU country has the lowest net migration?
Romania, with -13,202 in 2020.
Where does this ranking come from?
Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: World Bank, Net migration (SM.POP.NETM). Retrieved 2026-10-11.