EU countries by net migration, 2023
Germany had the highest net migration of 27 EU countries in 2023, at 609,553. Greece had the lowest, at -159,430. The median was 10,202. Source: the World Bank.
All EU countries, 2023
Full ranking
| Rank | EU countries | 2023 | Change on 2022 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Germany | 609,553 | -37.9% |
| 2 | Italy | 150,189 | -35% |
| 3 | Netherlands | 144,558 | -35.6% |
| 4 | Spain | 119,099 | -60.3% |
| 5 | France | 91,862 | -48.8% |
| 6 | Sweden | 55,209 | -6.4% |
| 7 | Hungary | 49,213 | +17.5% |
| 8 | Lithuania | 44,935 | -37.7% |
| 9 | Ireland | 43,873 | -53.1% |
| 10 | Belgium | 41,679 | -64.9% |
| 11 | Finland | 38,156 | -36.8% |
| 12 | Denmark | 31,006 | -48.5% |
| 13 | Portugal | 29,102 | -57.6% |
| 14 | Croatia | 10,202 | -12.7% |
| 15 | Cyprus | 8,697 | -3.5% |
| 16 | Latvia | 7,966 | -63.8% |
| 17 | Malta | 6,591 | +165.8% |
| 18 | Luxembourg | 5,905 | -55.2% |
| 19 | Estonia | 5,717 | -85.6% |
| 20 | Slovenia | 5,339 | -40.8% |
| 21 | Bulgaria | 5,173 | -80.5% |
| 22 | Slovakia | 4,933 | -94.7% |
| 23 | Austria | 4,819 | -96.9% |
| 24 | Poland | -7,824 | -100.8% |
| 25 | Czechia | -14,638 | -104.4% |
| 26 | Romania | -27,780 | -131.2% |
| 27 | Greece | -159,430 | -195.3% |
Other periods
About this ranking
Immigrants minus emigrants during the year, citizens and noncitizens together. A negative value means more people left than arrived.
Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the EU countries are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.
How to cite
World Bank, World Development Indicators. Net migration (SM.POP.NETM). https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SM.POP.NETM. Retrieved 2026-10-11.Use this data in your AI agent
Invokely serves this figure to AI assistants through MCP and to code through a REST API, with the source and citation attached. Ask your assistant:
Rank EU countries by net migration using official data, and cite the source.
rank_places {"indicator":"net_migration","level":"country","within":"European Union (27)","limit":10}
GET https://invokely.ai/api/v1/rank?indicator=net_migration&level=country&within=European%20Union%20(27)&limit=10Questions
Which EU country has the highest net migration?
Germany, with 609,553 in 2023, according to the World Bank.
Which EU country has the lowest net migration?
Greece, with -159,430 in 2023.
Where does this ranking come from?
Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: World Bank, Net migration (SM.POP.NETM). Retrieved 2026-10-11.